考研考博-考博英语-河北工业大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷43（附带答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-河北工业大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题My father was, I am sure, intended by nature to be a cheerful, kindly man. Until he was thirty-four years old he worked as a farm hand for a man named Thomas Butterworth whose place lay near the town of Bidwell, Ohio. He had then a horse of his own and on Saturday evenings drove into town to spend a few hours in social intercourse with other farm handsAt ten oclock Father drove home along a lonely country road, made his horse comfortable for the night and himself went to bed, quite happy in his position in life. He had at that time no notion of trying to rise in the world.It was in the spring of his thirty-fifth year that Father married my mother, then a country schoolteacher, and in the following spring I came wriggling and crying into the world. Something happened to the two people. They became ambitious. The American passion for getting up in the world took possession of them.It may have been that Mother was responsible. Being a schoolteacher she had no doubt read books and magazines. She had, I presume, read of how Garfield, Lincoln and other Americans rose from poverty to fame and greatness and as I lay beside herin the days of her lying-inshe may have dreamed that I would someday rule men and cities. At any rate, she induced Father to give up his place as a farm hand, sell his horse and embark on an independent enterprise of his ownThe first venture into which the two people went turned out badly. They rented ten acres of poor stony land on Griggs Road, eight miles from Bidwell, and launched into chicken raising. I grew into boyhood on the place and got my first impressions of life there. From the beginning they were impressions of disaster and if, in my turn, I am a gloomy man inclined to see the darker side of life, I attributed it to the fact that what should have been for me the happy joyous days of childhood were spent on a chicken farm.One unversed in such maters can have no notion of the many and tragic things that can happen to a chicken. It is born out of an egg lives for a few weeks as a tiny fluffy thing such as you will see pictured on Easter cards, then becomes hideously naked, eats quantities of corn and meal bought by the sweat of your fathers brow, gets diseases called pip, cholera and other names, stands looking with stupid eyes at the sun, becomes sick and dies. A few hens and now and then a rooster, intended to serve Gods mysterious ends, struggle through to maturity. The hens lay eggs out of which come other chickens and the dreadful cycle is thus made complete. It is all unbelievably complex. Most philosophers must have been raised on chicken farms. One hopes for so much from a chicken and is so dreadfully disillusioned. Small chickens just setting out on the journey of life, look so bright and alert and they are in fact so dreadfully stupid. They are so much like people they mix one up in ones judgments of life. If disease does not kill them they wait until your expectations are thoroughly aroused and then walk under the wheels of a wag In later life I have seen how a literature has been built up on the subject of fortunes to be made out of the raising of chickens. Do not be led astray by it. It was not written for you. Go hunt for gold on the frozen hills of Alaska, put your faith in the honesty of a politician, believe if you will that the world is daily growing better and that good will triumph over evil, but do not read and believe the literature that is written concerning the henI, however, digress. My tale does not primarily concern itself with the hen. If correctly told it will center on the egg. For ten years my father and mother struggled to make our chicken farm pay and then they gave up that struggle and began another. They moved into the town of Bidwell, Ohio, and embarked in the restaurant business. After ten years of worry, we threw all aside and packing our belongings on a wagon drove down Griggs Road toward Bidwell, a tiny caravan of hope looking for a new place from which to start on our upward journey through life.1. The narrator of the story views life pessimistically because _.2. According to the narrator, in which way do chickens resemble human beings?3. According to the narrator, one of the few pleasures in raising chickens is that _.4. The narrators opinion of books and articles written about chicken farming is that they are _.5. Which pair of adjectives most accurately conveys the narrators feelings about his childhood?问题1选项A.he grew up on a chicken farmB.his parents never succeeded at anything they didC.his life has been all work and no playD.he and his family were always in debt问题2选项A.Chickens, like children, are expensive to bring up.B.Chickens, like people, appear to be brighter than they really are.C.Chickens, as well as humans, are dirty, diseased, and smelly.D.Tragedies befall both chickens and humans.问题3选项A.you have the chance to witness the life cycleB.the creatures are cute when they are chicksC.if you are lucky, you can become richD.youll never run out of eggs问题4选项A.very well written and are popular among many different kinds of peopleB.not written for anyone who is serious about raising chickensC.likely to exaggerate the rewards of chicken farmingD.meant only for people with nothing to lose问题5选项A.resentful/bitterB.detached/unemotionalC.satirical/humorousD.sentimental/sad【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The narrator of the story views life pessimistically because _.1. 故事的叙述者悲观地看待生活，是因为_。A. he grew up on a chicken farm A. 他在养鸡场长大B. his parents never succeeded at anything they did B. 他的父母从来没有成功过C. his life has been all work and no play C. 他的生活只有工作没有娱乐D. he and his family were always in debt D. 他和他的家人总是负债累累【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第四段最后一句“如果我是一个悲观的人，倾向于看到生活的阴暗面，我认为这是因为我本应该快乐的童年却是在养鸡场度过的”可知，故事的叙述者悲观地看待生活，是因为他的童年是在养鸡场度过的。因此，该题选择A项“他在养鸡场长大”。【干扰项排除】B项“他的父母从来没有成功过”，第四段第一句虽然提到“这两个人第一次冒险失败了”，但是后面并没有提到作者的父母从来没有成功，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他的生活只有工作没有娱乐”和D项“他和他的家人总是负债累累”没有提到，属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2. According to the narrator, in which way do chickens resemble human beings? 2. 根据叙述者的说法，鸡在哪些方与人类相似？A. Chickens, like children, are expensive to bring up. A. 养鸡和养孩子一样，都很费钱。B. Chickens, like people, appear to be brighter than they really are. B. 鸡和人一样，看起来比实际更聪明。C. Chickens, as well as humans, are dirty, diseased, and smelly. C. 鸡和人一样，都是肮脏、患病和发臭的。D. Tragedies befall both chickens and humans. D. 悲剧会降临到鸡和人身上。【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至倒数第二段第八和第九句“刚踏上人生旅途的小鸡，看起来那么聪明，那么机警，其实是笨得可怕。它们与人如此相似，人经常混淆对生活的判断。”可知，鸡与人的相似之处就是看起来聪明，其实愚蠢得可怕。故B项“鸡和人一样，看起来比实际更聪明”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“养鸡和养孩子一样，都很费钱”和C项“鸡和人一样，都是肮脏、患病和发臭的”在原文没有这样提到，属于无中生有；D项“悲剧会降临到鸡和人身上”，文中第五段虽然描述了鸡的悲惨命运，但是并没有提到人类也是这样悲惨，该项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. According to the narrator, one of the few pleasures in raising chickens is that _.3. 根据叙述者的说法，养鸡的为数不多的乐趣之一是_。A. you have the chance to witness the life cycle A. 你有机会见证小鸡的生命周期B. the creatures are cute when they are chicks B. 这些动物小的时候很可爱C. if you are lucky, you can become rich C. 如果你幸运的话，你可以变得富有D. youll never run out of eggs D. 你的鸡蛋永远吃不完【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第五段第二句“小鸡破壳而出，毛绒绒的像复活节明信片上的小毛球一样”，以及第八句“刚踏上人生旅途的小鸡，看起来那么聪明，那么机警”综合理解可以推断出，作者认为刚出生的小鸡毛茸茸的，很可爱。因此，该题选择B项“这些动物小的时候很可爱”。【干扰项排除】A项“你有机会见证小鸡的生命周期”这个观点在文中有提到，但小鸡的生命周期是悲惨的，并不是乐趣，该项属于曲解原文；C项“如果你幸运的话，你可以变得富有”和D项“你的鸡蛋永远吃不完”没有提到，无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. The narrators opinion of books and articles written about chicken farming is that they are _. 4. 叙述者对养鸡业的书籍文章的看法是_。A. very well written and are popular among many different kinds of people A. 写得很好，在许多不同类型的人当中都很受欢迎B. not written for anyone who is serious about raising chickens B. 不是为那些认真养鸡的人写的C. likely to exaggerate the rewards of chicken farming C. 可能会夸大养鸡业的回报D. meant only for people with nothing to lose D. 只适合那些一无所有的人【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段最后三句“在后来的生活中，我看到了一个关于养鸡发财的文学作品不要被它引入歧途。这不是为你写的。去阿拉斯加冰冻的山丘淘金，相信一个政治家的诚实，如果你愿意，请相信世界正在一天天变得更好，善良将战胜邪恶，但不要阅读和相信关于母鸡的文学作品。”，从中可知，作者认为养鸡发财的文学作品是在误导人们，也就是说作者认为这些文学作品夸大了养鸡能带来的经济效益。故C项“可能会夸大养鸡业的回报”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“写得很好，在许多不同类型的人当中都很受欢迎”，根据解题思路可知，作者对养鸡文学的态度并不看好，所以该项属于反向干扰；B项“不是为那些认真养鸡的人写的”和D项“只适合那些一无所有的人”没有提到，无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. Which pair of adjectives most accurately conveys the narrators feelings about his childhood? 5. 哪一对形容词最准确地表达了叙述者对童年的感受？A. resentful/bitter A. 充满愤恨的、痛苦的B. detached/unemotional B. 分离的、冷漠的C. satirical/humorous C. 讽刺的、幽默的D. sentimental/sad D. 多愁善感的、悲伤的【答案】D【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据全文内容可知，整篇文章的基调是比较忧伤，悲惨的。第三段最后两句还指出作者对童年的描述：“我在这个地方长大成人，对那里的生活有了初步的印象。从一开始，这些印象就是灾难性的，如果说我是一个阴郁的人，倾向于看到生活的阴暗面，那么我把它归结为这样一个事实：对我来说本应是幸福快乐的童年时光是在养鸡场度过的。”，从中可以看出，作者本应快乐的童年是在养鸡场度过的，这让他感到悲观。因此，D项“多愁善感的、悲伤的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“充满愤恨的、痛苦的”、B项“分离的、冷漠的”和C项“讽刺的、幽默的”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。2.单选题It is not improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censure such a practice as a little bordering upon cruelty.问题1选项A.meticulousB.contemplativeC.imprudentD.trifle【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的 B. contemplative沉思的，冥想的C. imprudent轻率的，鲁莽的 D. trifle（名词）少量，琐事【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】划线单词scrupulous在句中表示“细心的，小心谨慎的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】有些一丝不苟的人可能会倾向于谴责这种做法有点近乎残忍，这是不大可能的。3.单选题A Standing in the drive way, the house B appeared to be much smaller than it had C seemed to us D as children many years ago.问题1选项A.Standing in the drive wayB.appearedC.seemedD.as children【答案】A【解析】【答案】A【考查点】独立主格结构。【解题思路】Standing in the drive way（站在车道上）为独立主格结构，结构应该为“名词/代词+现在分词”，Standing的主语为we，因此A选项改为We standing in the driving way。【句意】站在车道上，这所房子似乎比许多年前我们孩提时所看到的要小得多。4.单选题My first encounter with the international artist and art critic Fairfield Porter was actually through the poetry of his wife, Anne (Channing) Porter. While both grew to become quite celebrated in their crafts, Fairfields story is unique.Born into an affluent, artistic family in 1907, the boy who was one day become a renowned artist and respected art critic showed a comparative lack of artistic ability when seen next to his siblings. While his older brother Eliot took to photography, Fairfield Porter, despite being remarkably intelligent, appeared to be lacking any natural artistic talents. It seemed that, although a member of a family full of artists, his true skill lay in the critiquing of others artistry. This was evidenced in his second year at Harvard by Farfields decision to pursue art history as his major field of study. After studying at Harvard under Arthur Pope and then traveling briefly through Europe, Fairfield came back to the United States to further his education at the Art Students League in New York City. There he became acquainted with the famed photographer Alfred Stieglitzthe work of whom is said to have positively influenced Fairfields paintings to some degree.Between the years 1931 and 1932, Fairfield spent the majority of his time in Italy learning to appreciate and critique the works of the great Renaissance painters. His training came from both direct study under world-famous art historian Bernard Berenson, and from countless hours spent in museums and galleries observing the greatest pieces of Italian art.Following his marriage to Anne upon his return from Italy, Fairfield spent the better part of the next two decades developing his skills as a painter while caring for his autistic son. During this period his meetings with the French Intimist painter Willem De Kooning would prove to have a profound effect on his later works. Porter was the first to publicly acclaim the work of Kooning.In fact, what made Porter so famous was his knack for responding directly to an artists work. He found fault with the common “talk based” criticism that spoke to art only in reference to its past or to some vague theoretical framework; such criticism attempted to shape the future of art and was far too biased for Porter. His time as an art critic for such publications as Art News and The Nation ended, however, in 1961 when he decided to pursue a full-time painting career.The other side of his fame, his uncommon approach to painting, is just as important to the understanding of Fairfield Porters contributions to the world of art. His personal philosophy comes from a blending of two views; art should be personal, emotional, and representative of its subject, while at the same time be boldly colorful, expressive, and generally abstract. Drawing on his vast knowledge of art history, especially the styles of French Intimism, Porter fused these two feelings to create a powerful, emotive collection of paintings about families, individuals, and the home, as well as moving nature scenes such as The Door to the Woods (1971) and MaineToward the Harbor (1967).When he died in 1975, on a morning walk along the ocean, he left the world as one of the most respected art critics in the past century. On top of that, his work as a painter is still viewed within the art community as amazingly distinctive and especially representative of his life. It is sad to say that now, however, some thirty years after his death, he is still virtually unknown outside of art circles. This remarkably insightful, articulate, creative individual needs to be discovered by the common man and revered for his continuing influence on the artists of today. The words of this intellectual were some of the best and most honest critiques of art ever spoken.1. The main purpose of the passage can best be described as an attempt to _.2. The authors attitude toward the subject of the passage can best be characterized as _.3. As described in the passage, Porters method of criticizing art can best be summarized by which of the following statements?4. Porters painting style can be described by all of the following EXCEPT _.5. Without the first paragraph, the passage would lose _.问题1选项A.explain Porters renowned ability to candidly address artists worksB.illustrate the influence several renowned artists had on the works of PorterC.appraise Porters unusual methods of painting and critiquing artworkD.chronicle Porters life, particularly the events and beliefs that shaped his career问题2选项A.detached interestB.amused toleranceC.warm appreciationD.deep abhorrence问题3选项A.Porters criticisms were frank and forthright, and were based solely on his evaluation of the piece of art that he was appraising.B.Porter criticized art based on the context of the painting and conceptual structures that he found most useful in his evaluation.C.Porters critiques were comparable to those of Bernard Berenson, who greatly influenced Porters outlook on art.D.Porter targeted his criticisms at helping artists by attempting to influence their forthcoming works.问题4选项A.stirringB.vividC.triteD.individualistic问题5选项A.an overview of the passage as a wholeB.a brief introduction and transition into the topicC.important detail that later becomes relevant to the passageD.an explanation of the logic behind the authors viewpoint【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The main purpose of the passage can best be described as an attempt to _. 1. 这篇文章的主要目的可以被描述为试图_。A. explain Porters renowned ability to candidly address artists works A. 解释波特坦率地谈论艺术家作品的著名能力B. illustrate the influence several renowned artists had on the works of Porter B. 说明几位著名艺术家对波特作品的影响C. appraise Porters unusual methods of painting and critiquing artwork C. 评价波特不同寻常的绘画和评论艺术品的方法D. chronicle Porters life, particularly the events and beliefs that shaped his career D. 记录了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他职业生涯的事件和信念【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文可知，全文主要记录了艺术批判家波特的一生，并且介绍了他的作品出名的原因。文章第一段引入话题，第二至四段介绍了波特的成长背景以及职业生涯中的经历，第四段倒数第二句还提到“他与法国画家威廉德库宁的会面对他后来的作品产生了深远的影响”；最后三段讲述了波特能够成名的原因，一是他能够直接回应艺术家的作品，二是他有不寻常的绘画方式；综上所述，可推断这篇文章的主要目的是介绍波特的一生，尤其是记录那些塑造他的职业生涯的那些大事件及信念。因此，该题选择D项“记录了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他职业生涯的事件和信念”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“解释波特坦率地谈论艺术家作品的著名能力”、B项“说明几位著名艺术家对波特作品的影响”和C项“评价波特不同寻常的绘画和评论艺术品的方法”表述片面，属于以偏概全。2.【选项释义】2. The authors attitude toward the subject of the passage can best be characterized as _. 2. 作者对文章主题的态度可以用_来描述。A. detached interest A. 超然的兴趣B. amused tolerance B. 有趣的宽容C. warm appreciation C. 热情的欣赏D. deep abhorrence D. 深恶痛绝【答案】C【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】全文讲述了波特求学的经历，以及成名的原因，都包含作者的欣赏。由最后一段第三和第四句“然而，遗憾的是，在他去世大约30年后的今天，他在艺术界之外仍然默默无闻。这个极富洞察力、能言善辩、富有创造力的人需要被普通人发现，并因其对当今艺术家的持续影响而受人尊敬。”可以看出，作者对这个艺术家的态度是欣赏的，而这篇文章的主题就是这个艺术家。因此，该题选择C项“热情的欣赏”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“超然的兴趣”和B项“有趣的宽容”在文中并没有体现，属于无中生有；D项“深恶痛绝”由解题思路可知，属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. As described in the passage, Porters method of criticizing art can best be summarized by which of the following statements? 3. 如文中所述，波特批评艺术的方法可以用以下哪一种陈述来总结？A. Porters criticisms were frank and forthright, and were based solely on his evaluation of the piece of art that he was appraising. A. 波特的批评是直截了当的，并且仅仅是基于他对他正在评估的艺术品的评价。B. Porter criticized art based on the context of the painting and conceptual structures that he found most useful in his evaluation. B. 波特批评艺术基于绘画的背景和概念结构，他发现这在他的评价中最有用。C. Porters critiques were comparable to those of Bernard Berenson, who greatly influenced Porters outlook on art. C. 波特的批评可以与伯纳德贝伦森的批评相媲美，贝伦森对波特的艺术观产生了巨大的影响。D. Porter targeted his criticisms at helping artists by attempting to influence their forthcoming works. D. 波特批评艺术的目的是通过影响艺术家的作品来帮助他们。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第五段前两句“事实上，让波特如此出名的是他直接回应艺术家作品的技巧。他对常见的以谈话为基础的批评提出了异议，这种批评只针对艺术的过去或一些模糊的理论框架；这些批评试图塑造艺术的未来，但对波特来说，这些批评太偏颇了。”可知波特的艺术批评方法是直接的，并且对以“谈话为基础”的批评提出了异议，也就是说波特评价作品是基于艺术作品本身，而不参考作品的背景和模糊的理论。A项“波特的批评是直截了当的，并且仅仅是基于他对他正在评估的艺术品的评价”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“波特批评艺术基于绘画的背景和概念结构，他发现这在他的评价中最有用”由解题思路可知，该项属于反向干扰；C项“波特的批评可以与伯纳德贝伦森的批评相媲美，贝伦森对波特的艺术观产生了巨大的影响”与题干无关，属于出处错位；D项“波特批评艺术的目的是通过影响艺术家的作品来帮助他们”在文中没有提及，无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. Porters painting style can be described by all of the following EXCEPT _. 4. 波特的绘画风格除了_以外，可以用以下所有的方式来描述。A. stirring A. 激动人心的B. vivid B. 生动的C. trite C. 陈腐的D. individualistic D. 个人主义的【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键词painting style定位至倒数第二段，根据最后两句“他的个人哲学来自两种观点的融合；艺术应该是个人化的、情绪化的、有代表性的，同时也应该是丰富多彩的、有表现力的、抽象的。利用丰富的艺术史知识，特别是法国情感画家的风格，波特将这两种感觉融合在一起，创造了一个关于家人、个人和家庭的强有力的、充满情感的绘画集合，以及感人的自然场景。”可知，波特的绘画风格是强有力的、充满情感的，内容是关于家庭、个人、家庭以及感人的自然场景。只有C项“陈腐的”不符合原文对波特绘画风格的描述，但符合题干。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“激动人心的”、B项“生动的”和D项“个人主义的”由解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. Without the first paragraph, the passage would lose _. 5. 没有第一段，文章将失去_。A. an overview of the passage as a whole A. 这篇文章的整体概述B. a brief introduction and transition into the topic B. 一个简短的介绍和到主题的过渡C. important detail that later becomes relevant to the passage C. 与文章相关的重要细节D. an explanation of the logic behind the authors viewpoint D. 对作者观点背后逻辑的解释【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息定位到第一段的内容“我第一次接触到国际艺术家和艺术评论家费尔菲尔德波特，实际上是通过他的妻子安妮波特的诗作。虽然两人都在各自的行业中变得非常有名，但费尔菲尔德的故事却是独一无二的。”可知，第一段是作为对全文的引语，通过作者与波特的相遇，引出主角波特，以及接下来对波特的叙述。因此，该题选择B项“一个简短的介绍和到主题的过渡”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“这篇文章的整体概述”从第一段的内容来看，该段并不是文章的总体概述，该项属于曲解原文；C项“与文章相关的重要细节”和D项“对作者观点背后逻辑的解释”由解题思路可知，第一段只是作为引语，所以这两项属于曲解原文。5.翻译题Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is