考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考前自测提分卷87(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Her remarkable success as a rock star is partly due to her ability to（ ）the media.问题1选项A.mandateB.meditateC.manifestD.manipulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mandate“授权，托管”；meditate“考虑，计划，企图”；manifest“证明，表示”；manipulate“操作，巧妙处理”。句意：她作为一个摇滚明星取得的杰出成就在于她有能力巧妙处理媒体。选项D符合题意。2.单选题I think Id like to stay home this evening （ ）going out as it is raining too heavily.问题1选项A.better thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.sooner than【答案】C【解析】考查词组词义辨析。better than “超过，多于，好于”；other than “除了，不同于”；rather than “而不是；宁可也不愿”；sooner than “早于”。句意：我今晚想待在家里，而不是出去，因为外面下大雨。选项C符合题意。3.翻译题如果你是那种看着别人的生活就羡慕，对自己的生活提不起精神的人，也许你需要把握生活，做些改变。很多人每天从早到晚做同样的事情，对现状感到非常满足并很快乐。但是，如果你觉得自己的潜能被浪费，内心深处渴望更活跃刺激的生活，你就需要采取一些积极的行动。你会觉得如果你处在另一种环境，你肯定会掌握好局面，为更宏大目标而努力。如果你真这样想过，那就不应该被无法改变的现状所难倒，不要为自己为什么不开始行动找借口，也不要为自己找为什么不去充分发挥潜能的理由了。如果人满腹激情，也有能力干一番事业，就不要浪费自己的才能。停止抱怨，命运掌握在自己手里！现在该是人停止自欺欺人、认识到岸上的安全可能要比你所想的更具有破坏性的时候了。【答案】If you are that kind of person who admires others lives and is low-spirited to your own life, you need to hold your life and make some changes. Many people do the same thing from morning to night and feel very satisfied with current situation. However, if you think that your potential is wasted and you expect to have a more active and exciting life deeply in your heart, you need to take some positive actions. You would imagine that if you are placed in another environment, you will be control the situation better, and make great efforts for more ambitious goals. If you really thought about this, you should not be frustrated by unalterable status, rationalize and explain what you were not doing and why you cannot exert your potential fully. If a person is full of passion, and is capable of having a career, he shouldnt waste his capacity. Stop complaining and you control your own destiny! It is high time that you should stop your self-deception and realize that the safety on the shore that is possibly more devastating than you can imagine.4.单选题To our great delight, yesterday we received a（n）（ ） donation from a benefactor.问题1选项A.handsomeB.awesomeC.miserlyD.prodigal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。handsome“英俊的，大方的”；awesome“令人敬畏的，可怕的；极好的”；miserly“吝啬的，贪婪的”；prodigal“挥霍的，十分慷慨的”。句意：令我们高兴的是，昨天我们收到了一位捐助者大量的捐助物。选项D符合题意。5.单选题Im sorry Im late I had a mental （ ）and forget that we would have a meeting today.问题1选项A.aberrationB.perversionC.imbalanceD.sanity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。aberration “神经迷乱；离开正路；越轨”；perversion “反常，颠倒，曲解”；imbalance “不平衡，不安定”；sanity “明智，头脑清楚”。句意：很抱歉我迟到了。我有点精神恍惚忘记了今天还有个会议。选项A符合题意。6.单选题We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their own local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no note than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are resented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observefleetinglyindividually interesting points of difference between them, is sufficient in itself.Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to or feel we should try to make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire, to keep the customers happy. It is within the grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be and Whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that then will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt, They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliche assumptions. Of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation” the programmers give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation in itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. There are exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programmers as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programmers such as this are noteworthy less for the stimulation they offer than for the fact that that stimulation (repeated at regular intervals) may become a substitute for, and so a hindrance to, judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.1.The author holds that the Establishment should try to （ ）.2.According to the author, when mass communications deal with intellectual matters, they should（ ）.3.In the first paragraph, the author uses the comparison with building a cathedral just to show （ ）.4.The word “fleetingly” in Paragraph 1 means（ ）.5.In the passage the author criticizes the mass media for（ ）.问题1选项A.do a good service to societyB.alter the form of public institutionsC.maintain its position in societyD.kindle strong emotions in the public问题2选项A.look on them as a domestic pastimeB.regard them as most pressing mattersC.think of them as controversial mattersD.consider them to be of only domestic interest问题3选项A.sometimes paying close attention to details is extremely importantB.great works of art usually need good and solid foundationsC.the ancient society had different beliefsD.worthwhile results do not depend on raw materials only问题4选项A.attentivelyB.transientlyC.SentimentallyD.strictly问题5选项A.their widening the gap between readers or viewersB.their failing to reach any definite conclusions over what they reportC.their setting too intellectual a standardD.their catering for a small number of audiences【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章第二段提到无论这些组织的初衷有多么美好，也不管它们的形式是什么样的，比如国家、教会、社团、政党等等，都只会为了平衡各方的利益而屈从于现状，所以作者认为应该努力改变公共机构的形式，选项B符合题意。第2题:文章第三段最后一句话Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything提到大众传媒让知识事宜失去本来的活力，让它们坐在壁炉旁，有序却无用，就像一场家庭游戏。由此可以看出，大众传媒在处理知识相关的事情时，把它看作一场娱乐。选项A符合题意。第3题:从文章第一段最后三句提到通过练石场的大量石头，人们可以想象出这些石头极有可能被用来建教堂。大众传媒不能建大教堂，而且它们展示石头的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用对比手法的目的只是为了说明要想得到某些有价值的结果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以选项D符合题意。第4题:attentively “聚精会神地”；transiently “短暂的”；sentimentally “多情地”；strictly “严格地”。选项B符合题意。第5题:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大众媒体不能对所报道的内容给出绝对真实的评论，所以选项B符合题意。7.单选题They managed to（ ） the sound on TV every time the alleged victims name was spoken.问题1选项A.deadenB.depriveC.punctuateD.rebuff【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deaden“使减弱，隔阻”；deprive“剥夺，使丧失”；punctuate“加标点于”；rebuff“回绝”。句意：每次说到受害者名字时，他们设法把电视机声音调小。选项A符合题意。8.单选题I dont know how to get there either perhaps we，d better （ ）a map.问题1选项A.noteB.markC.consultD.draft【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。note “做笔记”；mark “做标记”；consult “咨询”；draft “做草图”。句意：我也不知道怎么去那里，也许我们最好在地图上标记一下。选项B符合题意。9.单选题Every time an old building is tom down in this country, and a new building goes up, the ground floor becomes a bank.The reason for this is that banks are the only ones who can afford the rent for the ground floor of the new buildings going up. Besides, when bank loans someone money to build a new building, it usually takes an option for the street-floor facilities.Most people dont think there is anything wrong with this and they accept it as part of the American free-enterprise system. But there is a small group of people in this country who are fighting for Bank Birth Control.This is how Huddlestone Hubbard, the BBCs chairman, explained it.“Whenever you see an old building tom down，” Hubbard said, “you usually see a candy store, a dry cleaner, a delicatessen, and possibly a florist tom down with it. These shops are all replaced in the new buildings with a beautiful glass, aluminum, wall-to wall-carpeted money factor.”“Now from an aesthetic viewpoint, a bank looks better than a fry cleaner, a candy store, a delicatessen and a florist. But from a practical point of view, its a sheer disaster. If you want a newspaper, a candy bar or a chocolate milk shake, you cant get it a bank. Nor can you run out to a bank for a pound of Swiss cheese and a six-pack of beer when have guests coming over.“A bank is great if you want to buy a car, but its useless if you want to have your dress cleaned.”“And while a bank might buy flowers to give itself a human image, it doesnt sell any when you want to make up with your wife.”“What youre saying then, Mr. Hubbard, is that every time a bank goes up, something in all of us dies.”“Exactly. One of the reasons kids are getting in so much trouble these days is that there are candy stores to hang around anymore. When tear down a delicatessen, the tangy smell of potato salad, corned beef and dill pickles are lost forever. Unless youre trying to make a loan, no one ever salivates in a bank.”“It is true,” I said.“The situation is more crucial than anyone thinks,” Hubbard said, “at the rate theyre tearing down consumer stores and replacing them with banks, we estimate that in ten years it will be impossible to buy a loaf of bread in the country. What good is it to get 7 percent on your money if you starve to death?”“Then what youre saying is that it isnt a question of not taking it with you. Its question of staying alive while you have it，” I said.“Something like that，” Hubbard agreed. “Were trying to get the public to wake up to a fact that its better to have a store that sells screwdrivers than a bank that gives away alarm clocks.”“Whats the solution?”“A government decree that a bank has to supply the same services of the stores it tore down on the same property. If its a bakery, they have to sell cake, if its a photography shop, they have to develop films, and if its a dry-goods store, they have to sell warm underwear. If they provide the services of the stores they tore down, then well let them do a little money lending on the side.”1.The central theme of the essay is（ ）2.This essay is written in a tone of （ ）.3.The author talks about the “Bank Birth Control” group because（ ）.4.The attitude of the author toward small neighborhood stores is that they（ ）.5.The author makes his point by using（ ）.问题1选项A.Practically every new commercial building erected today is owned by a bank.B.Banks are attempting to drive small merchants out of service.C.New banks are not assets to a neighborhood in spite of their attractive appearance.D.By occupying ground floor space in new buildings, banks are replacing neighborhood shopping conveniences.问题2选项A.humorous exaggerationB.humorous understatementC.serious angerD.serious fear of the future问题3选项A.it is the name of a real groupB.he hopes to become its presidentC.he is being humorous to make his pointD.he is in favor of all kinds of birth control问题4选项A.are dirtyB.are convenient and colorfulC.should be replaced by banksD.should become supermarkets问题5选项A.satireB.dramaC.romanceD.poetry【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段是本文的中心段落，当旧的建筑物被拆除，新的建筑物新建后，一楼都变成了银行，很多商店比如糖果店、干洗店、熟食店、花店等都被新建筑取代了。选项D符合题意。第2题:文章主要提到了Huddlestone Hubbard的观点，多处以幽默的方式陈述自己的观点，但是并没有夸张的成分，所以选项B符合题意。第3题:文章第三段But there is a small group of people in this country who are fighting for Bank Birth Control提到但仍有一小部分人为了控制银行的产生而奋斗。这里作者用group来形容这一群人，实际上是以一种幽默的方式来表明这一部分人的人数之少。选项C符合题意。第4题:文章从第8段到第10段主要讲述其他商店能够给人们带来的便利而银行不可以。作者在第11段给了自己的观点: “Its true”。说明作者认同上一段的观点，即小社区商店方便又丰富多彩。选项B符合题意。第5题:作者采用幽默讽刺的手法表达自己的观点。比如第12段提到at the rate theyre tearing down consumer stores and replacing them with banks, we estimate that in ten years it will be impossible to buy a loaf of bread in the country “以他们现在拆商店然后用银行代替的速度来看，估计十年后在这个国家很难找到一片面包”。选项A符合题意。10.单选题A sordid, sentimental plot unwinds, with an inevitable（ ）ending.问题1选项A.mawkishB.fatefulC.belovedD.perfunctory【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。mawkish“令人厌恶的，自作多情的”；fateful“重大的，决定命运的，致命的”；beloved“深爱的（人），钟爱的（人）”；perfunctory“敷衍的；马虎的”。句意：一个污秽而伤感的故事情节展开后，必然会有一个令人厌恶的结局。选项A符合题意。