考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考前自测提分卷77(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ） science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of（5 ） that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesnt understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important （7 ） behind support for the Green parties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they dont see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematics ideas, they frighten most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so thatC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.roleB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.harnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。assess “评估”;discern “辨别”; ensure “确保”;anticipate “预期”。句意：我们不能阻止科学和技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保这些改变是正确的。选项C符合题意。（2）逻辑推理。根据文意，在民主社会中，公民需要对科学有一个基本的了解，以便于他们可以自己做出明智的决定。选项B符合题意。（3）动词词义辨析。clutch “抓住”;leave “留给”;fabricate “编造”;nurture “养育”。句意：人们可以做出明智的决定，而不会把问题都留在专家手中。选项B符合题意。（4）短语搭配。attitude towards “对的态度”，选项D符合题意。（5）短语搭配。根据文意，人们想要提高生活水平，故 “standard of living” 生活水平符合题意。选项A符合题意。（6）根据文意，人们对科学的不信任，体现在动画中塑造的那些科学家卡通人物，他们在实验室制造科学怪人。选项D符合题意。（7）名词词义辨析。role “角色，任务”； concept “概念，想法” ；element “要素” ；index “指数”。句意：这个在支持绿党中发挥着重要作用。选项A符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。constrain “强迫”；harness “利用”；foster “ 培养”；extinguish “ 熄灭”。句意：为了让公众们做出明智的决定，我们应该怎么做去培养他们的兴趣以及给他们提供科学背景呢？选项C符合题意。（9）动词词义辨析。present “提出”；conduct “指挥，管理”，portray “描绘” ；utilize “利用”。句意：但是在学校，科学往往是以一种枯燥无味的方式描绘出来的。选项C符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。meaning “ 含义”；contribution “ 贡献”；application “应用”；relevance “相关性”根据文意，孩子们学习科学只是为了通过考试，不了解科学对他们周围的世界带来的好处。选项B符合题意。2.单选题With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （ ） of a very hard winter.问题1选项A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。expectation “预料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承诺”;damage “毁坏”。句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。选项B符合题意。3.单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （ ）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。选项A符合题意。4.单选题In spite of the（ ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。gloomy “惨淡”miserable “悲惨的，痛苦的”；shadowy “模糊的”；obscure “晦涩的，不清楚的”。in spite of表示转折，句子意思为：尽管经济前景不景气，但是制造业的产量略有上涨。选项A符题意。5.单选题The new range of products （ ） last autumn is already selling far better than is expected.问题1选项A.launchedB.marketedC.prevailedD.envisioned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。launch “上市”；market “销售”；prevail “盛行”；envision “想象”。句意：去年秋天上市的新产品销量比预期要好。选项A符合题意。6.单选题The word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious groups then provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It means a way of caring for the dying. In the modem sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people can receive care at home during their last days； and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modem medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effort to control or stop the patients pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in addition to their physical needs.A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modem times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World War II, where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatment for people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planned a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened St. Christophers Hospice in London.In 1974, after the Americas first hospice started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local governments to use public money to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown in America. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders一“We cannot add days to life, but we can add life to days. ”1.What is the original meaning the word “hospice”？2.In the modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT3.What did Cicely and the man talk about?4.How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?5.Which is a correct statement about the early American hospice?问题1选项A.It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.B.It was a place where religious people lived.C.It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.D.It was a place where doctors treated patients.问题2选项A.a priest is invited to pray for the dying.B.a dying patient is taken care of at his home.C.efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.D.the psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.问题3选项A.How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.B.How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope of recovery.C.The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.D.The kind of people that are allowed to visit the patients.问题4选项A.By working part-time.B.Be obtaining a fellowship.C.With the help of a mans money.D.Through her management of St. Christophers Hospice.问题5选项A.It was an immediate success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.B.It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide financial support.C.Many people readily accepted the new idea.D.Local governments forbade what they did.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay”，hospice 是提供给旅客们休息的一个地方，选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，病人会在垂死之前在家里受到照顾、减轻痛苦以及被给予心理和生理上的安慰，只有选项A并未提及，选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them.”他们讨论了为那些将死的癌症病人治疗的最好的方法。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor.” 是病人给她捐钱让她学习，成为一名医生。选项C符合题意。5.信息推断题。根据文意，美国临终关怀医院是一件困难的事“ had a difficult job”，所以排除A。根据文章“they had to negotiate with the local government to use public money to care for the dying”，他们协商利用当地政府提供的公款来照顾这些垂死的病人，所以政府并没有直接禁止临终关怀医院，排除选项D，文章最后一段中提到 “They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice”，他们需要向公众传授临终关怀这种理念，所以排除C选项，选项B符合题意。7.单选题If Catlin was the painter of the American Indian, and Bierstadt the portrayer of the Rocky Mountains, the artist of the Western cowboys and settlers was Frederic Remington. Bom in Canton, New York, the son of a wealthy publisher, Remington was a boxer and a football player at Yale the last name one would expect to become the artist of the Old West. But as a boy he loved horses, and fed on the journals of George Catlin and Lewis and Clark. At the age of nineteen, he left college to look for adventure. He traveled from Montana to Texas, as a cow puncher and prospector. Remington had always been interested in journalism. Now he began to write down, and to paint and sketch what he saw. The subject of “Winning of the West” so fascinated the East that magazines and newspapers were crammed with accounts of the prospectors adventures, and of battles with rustlers and other out-laws all the tales that were then news and have since become legends in American history.There are also stories contributed by Bret Harte, Richard Harding Davis, Joaquin Miller, and many more. Often these were illustrated by sketches and paintings from Remingtons hand, but it was as a sculptor that Remington was the greatest artist.1.The writers purpose in the passage is to（ ）.2.Bierstadts relationship to the Rocky Mountain can be compared to that Remingtons to（ ）3.During his youth, Remington read the writings of（ ）.4.Remington based his art on the（ ）问题1选项A.compare Remington with Catlin and BierstadtB.show how the news stories of one age become the legends of the nextC.describe the major works of RemingtonD.outline Remingtons career问题2选项A.New YorkB.Yale UniversityC.the stories of Bret HarteD.the cowboys of the West问题3选项A.HartB.CatlinC.BierstadtD.Miller问题4选项A.stories he read in newspapersB.things he had seen and experiencedC.paintings he copied from Catlin and BierstadtD.principles he had learned at Yale【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章内容，首先讲到了雷明顿曾经是一名拳击手和足球运动员，19岁开始喜欢冒险，后面成为一名勘探者，一直对新闻行业感兴趣，把自己看到的事物记载下来等等，这些都是在描述雷明顿的职业生涯。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句，“If Catlin was the painter of the American Indian, and Bierstadt the portrayer of the Rocky Mountains, the artist of the Western cowboys and settlers was Frederic Remington.”。 如果说卡特林是美国印第安人的画家，比尔施塔特是描绘落基山脉的画家，那么西部牛仔和定居者的画家则是弗雷德里克雷明顿。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“But as a boy he loved horses, and fed on the journals of George Catlin and Lewis and Clark.”。 但当他是个孩子的时候，他喜欢马，喜欢读乔治卡特林、刘易斯和克拉克的作品。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Now he began to write down, and to paint and sketch what he saw.”，他是将他看到的和经历过的写下来或者画下来，选项B符合题意。8.单选题I dont mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （ ） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。unexpectedly “出乎意料地” ；unusually“显著地”；excessively “过分地”；consequently“从而”。句意：我不介意你带你的朋友来喝杯茶，但是当十个人出乎意料地来家里吃晚饭时就有点太多了。9.单选题The company made more profit in that one month than it made in the whole of the （ ） year.问题1选项A.previouslyB.proceedingC.precedingD.unpreceding【答案】C【解析】形近异义词辨析。previously “以前”；proceeding “程序，诉讼”；preceding “在前的，先前的”；unpreceding “空前的，前所未有的”。句意：公司在那一个月创造的收益比整个前年的多。选项C符合题意。10.单选题Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic（ ）for their child.问题1选项A.ambitionsB.intentionsC.propositionsD.aspirations【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。ambition “野心”；intention “目的”；proposition “提议”；aspiration “抱负”。句意：只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。选项A符合题意。