考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考前自测提分卷35(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for （ ）interaction with proficient speakers of English.问题1选项A.instantaneousB.provocativeC.verbalD.dual【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项instantaneous“瞬间的；即时的”；B选项provocative“刺激的；气人的”；C选项verbal“口头的；言语的”；D选项dual“双的；双重的”。句意：把英语作为一门外语来学习的大问题在于缺少与精通英语的人进行交流的机会。综合句意与选项可知，大问题是缺少与speaker of English进行“口头交流”的机会。C选项正确。2.单选题The mayor（ ）his speech to suit the crowd of homeless people gathered in his office.问题1选项A.intonedB.expandedC.tailoredD.shortened【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。intone “吟诵，吟咏”；expand “扩大，扩展”；tailor “剪裁; 使合适”；shorten “缩短，变短”。根据句意为了迎合聚集于自己办公室的无家可归的人，市长（ ）自己的演说。确定C选项正确。3.单选题My second claim concerns individual differences. Owing to the accidents of（ ）,environment, and their interaction, no two of us exhibit the same intelligence in precisely the same proportions.问题1选项A.heredityB.heirC.heritageD.supplement【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。heredity “遗传，遗传性”；heir “继承人，后嗣”； heritage “遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement “补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（ ）、环境及它们之间的相互作用， 我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。 确定A选项heredity “遗传，遗传性”的正确。4.翻译题好的教师知道他们的职责不单是向学生灌输知识，他们深切体会到教学工作不只是授课。好的教师运用对所教导的科目的热情和爱好，来激发学生的学习兴趣，并不断构 想新方法和吸取新观点，来为每一堂课注入新的生命。最重要的是：好的教师能使每一名学生深信自己事事都能胜任。他们绝对信任学生的能力，深信每一名孩子都有发挥潜能成为心目中要成为的人物。好的教师使学生自我肯定本身的能力，鼓励他们勇于追求梦想，并从旁引导他们如何实现这些梦想。【答案】Good teachers know that their job is not just to impart knowledge, they understand that teaching is more than just instructing. Good teachers inspire in their students a love for learning through their enthusiasm and passion for their subject, and through their own efforts to continually develop new skills and embrace new ideas in order to bring a fresh perspective to every lesson. Above all else, good teachers have the ability to make every student feel that he is a winner. They have faith in their students abilities, and believe that every child has the potential to be anything he wants to be. Good teachers give their students a sense of self-worth, encourage them to dream, and show them how to pursue those dreams.5.单选题Of all things in the world, I most dislike filling up forms; in fact, I have a（1）horror of it. Applying for a driving license,（2）for an evening course, booking a holiday abroad everything nowadays seems to involve（3）information about ones personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter（4）hand. When applying for a job, it may be（5）some obscure interest to a（6）employer to learn that I collect stamps or had measles as a child, but why（7）he conceivably want to know that my father was a tobacconist who died in 1988?The authorities who（8）one to fill up forms, frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put（9）ones intimate friends. The worst of it is that, when（10）with such questions, my mind goes blank. Have I ever suffered from a serious illness? My mother always（11）me I was “delicate”. Do I suffer from any personal defects? Well, I wear（12）lenses and my upper teeth are not my own, but perhaps the word “defects”（13）to my character. Am I supposed to（14）that I like gambling and find it difficult to get up in the morning?（15）of them are true.Of all, I think job applications are the（16）. “Education-previous experience-post heldgive（17）. Terrified by the awful warning about false（18）which appears at the bottom of the form, I struggle to remember what exams I passed and how long I worked for what firms. （19）hard I try, there always seems to be a year or two for which I cannot satisfactorily account and which I am certain, if left（20）, will give the impression that I was in prison or engaged in some occupation too dubious to mention.问题1选项A.positiveB.negativeC.mildD.slight问题2选项A.attendingB.registeringC.invitingD.working问题3选项A.givenB.to giveC.givingD.having given问题4选项A.byB.inC.atD.to问题5选项A.byB.withC.aboutD.of问题6选项A.prospectiveB.comingC.existingD.on-going问题7选项A.needB.mayC.shouldD.did问题8选项A.bidB.inviteC.requestD.require问题9选项A.toB.forC.up withD.with问题10选项A.to confrontB.confrontedC.confrontingD.being confronted问题11选项A.ensuredB.insuredC.assuredD.reassured问题12选项A.contactB.sightlessC.contactingD.nearsighted问题13选项A.agreesB.connectsC.relatesD.applies问题14选项A.declineB.denyC.admitD.reject问题15选项A.NeitherB.BothC.NoneD.Either问题16选项A.bestB.easiestC.poorestD.worst问题17选项A.daysB.datesC.offersD.suggestions问题18选项A.declarationsB.witnessC.publicationsD.announcements问题19选项A.ButB.ThereforeC.ThoughD.However问题20选项A.vacantB.emptyC.blankD.unwritten【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）考查形容词词义辨析。positive “积极的；真实的”；negative “消极的”；mild “温和的”；slight “轻微的”。空格处前面内容提到“世界上所有事物中，我最不喜欢的就是填表”，并且提到了原因，对填表有恐惧（horror），四个选项中，选项A positive有“真实的”意思，“真实的恐惧”符合前后文情境，因此符合题意。（2）考查动词词义辨析。attend “参加”；register “注册”；invite “邀请”；work “工作”。根据空格处后面的关键词 evening course “晚间课程”可以知道是“注册课程”，因此选项B符合题意。（3）考查固定搭配。involve doing sth. “涉及做某事”，因此可以排除选项A与B；由前面的“applying”,”booking”等可知此处不需要用完成时，所以选项C符合题意。（4）考查词组辨析。空格处所在句子的大意是：现在几乎每处都需要提供关于个人生活和习惯的信息，而这些信息跟手头上的事情没有什么关系。in hand “手头上的”，所以选项B符合题意。（5）考查固定搭配。be of interest to “对是有意义的，对有趣的”。选项D符合题意。（6）考查同义词词义辨析。prospective “未来的，预期的”；coming “即将发生的”；existing “目前的,现存的”；on-going “正在进行的,继续的”。从when applying for a job可知是在“申请工作”，那么面对的是“将来的雇主”，选项A符合题意。（7）考查should的用法。should常用在以why, how开头的疑问句中，因此选项C符合题意。（8）考查动词词义辨析。bid “投标，出价”；invite “邀请，招待”；request “要求，请求”；require “要求，命令”。request是有礼貌的要求，而require有种强迫的意味，从后文的demand处可以看出require符合题意。（9）考查固定搭配。put sth. to sb. “把（观点、建议）等告诉某人”，选项A符合题意。（10）考查分词短语的用法。分词短语可以相当于一个时间状语，表示在做某事的过程中，发生某事或做某事。“面对问题”在文中是被动含义，表示作者是被迫来面对这样一些不愿意回答的问题，因此，应该用when+过去分词，选项B符合题意，如果是主动含义，则用现在分词。（11）考查动词词义辨析。ensure “确保”，ensure sth,/ that；insure “投保”；assure “保证；担保”，assure sb. of sth.或者assure sb. （that）；reassure “使安心”。根据后文I was “delicate”可知，此处省略了that，选项C符合题意。（12）考查固定搭配。contact lenses “隐形眼镜”，选项A符合题意。（13）考查动词词义辨析。agree “同意”；connect “联系”；relate “相关”；apply “申请；使用”,apply to “适用于”。空格处所在句子的大意是：我戴着隐形眼镜，补着牙齿，但是也许“缺陷”这个词适用于我的性格。因此选项D符合题意。（14）考查动词词义辨析。decline “下降；婉拒”；deny “否认”；admit “承认”；reject “拒绝”。空格处所在句子的大意是：我是不是会被猜测应该承认自己爱赌博，早上起不来呢？选项C符合题意。（15）考查主谓一致。根据be动词are可以判断空格处应该填B，其他选项后面应该使用单数形式。（16）考查逻辑关系。根据后面的“terrified”这个单词，可以推断出在作者眼里，找工作是件糟糕的事情，选项D符合题意。（17）考查名词词义辨析。day “一天”；date “日期”；offer “提议；出价；录取通知书”。该句讲述作者在填写表格里“教育”这一栏，需要提供具体日期，选项B符合题意。（18）考查名词词义辨析。declaration“宣布，公告，声明”;witness“证人，目击者”；publication“出版物，发表”：announcement “公告，宣告”。空格处所在句子的大意是：被表格底部那些如果填写错误声明吓到了的我，拼命去回想我之前通过了哪些考试，在哪些公司上过班。选项A符合题意。（19）考查逻辑连词。前面提到拼命回想以前的经历，空格处后提到还是有一年或者两年的经历不太确定，两者是转折关系，因此选项D符合题意。（20）考查固定搭配。leave blank“留空格”，选项C符合题意。6.单选题You have probably heard about elite universities offering free online courses through Coursera. In just the past few weeks, Coursera has added 12 universities, including Princeton, Duke and Johns Hopkins.The companys website says its goal is to “give everyone access to the world-class education that has so far been available only to a selected few, and much of the news coverage has focused on how this will democratize learning. Two weeks after Coursera announced its initial round of partnerships, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced a plan to invest $60 million in a similar course platform called edX, and a third company, Udacity, announced that it too would join the fray.Despite near universal enthusiasm for such projects, its important to take a few steps back. First, although the content is free now, its unlikely that it will remain that way for long. According to Courseras contracts, both the company and the schools plan to make a profitthey just havent figured out the best way to do that yet. But more important, Im concerned that computer-aided instruction will actually widen the gap between the financially and educationally privileged and everyone else, instead of close it.In terms of learning on the college level, the Department of Education, looked at thousands of research studies from 1996 to 2008 and found that in higher education, students rarely learned as much from online courses as they did in traditional classes. In fact, the report found that the biggest benefit of online instruction, came from a learning environment that combined technology with traditional methods, but warned that the uptick had more to do with the increased amount of individualized instruction students got in that environment, not the presence of technology. For all but the brightest, the more time students spend with traditional instruction, the better they seem to do.Supporters of online learning say that all anyone needs to access a great education is a stable Internet connection. But only 35% of households earning less than $25,000 have broadband access to the Internet, compared with 94% of households with income more than $100,000. In addition, according to the 2010 Report on Mobile Access, only half of black and Latinos primarily use then- cell phones to access the Internet, a much more expensive and less-than-ideal method for taking part in online education. In shorty the explosion of this type of education, though free now, may leave behind the students who need education the most.Its not hard to understand why the chance to watch lectures, pass tests and even get a formal certificate from an elite school would stir excitement. But the recently released report on the American Dream makes clear, a four-year college degree is the only type of educational intervention that promotes upward mobility from the lower-middle class. If we really want to democratize education, finding creative ways to realistically open up colleges to different communities will do more to help than a model that is more beneficial for students who are already wealthy, academically prepared and highly motivated. We ought to make sure that everyone has access to the same opportunities, or we will further widen the opportunity gaps we mean to close.1.It can be inferred from the research studies from 1996 to 2008 in paragraph four that in online instruction, （ ）.2.According to the author, which of the following is Not the reason why computer-aided instruction will actually widen the educational gap?3.The author concludes that if we want to democratize education, we should（ ）.4.Which of the following best describes the authors development of the passage?问题1选项A.students can benefit the most from the presence of technologyB.what matters is the increased amount of individualized instructionC.students can learn more compared with in traditional oneD.the more time the cleverest students spend, the higher scores they get问题2选项A.Companies and schools want to make a profit from online courses.B.Online instruction, wont help students as much as traditional classes.C.Not everyone has the equal access to Internet connection.D.Its unrealistic to provide online courses to people from different communities.问题3选项A.attend lectures, and get a college degree hi an. elite schoolB.sign up for various online courses and get a formal certificateC.establish colleges for students of different backgrounds creatively and realisticallyD.guarantee that highly motivated students have the same opportunity as others.问题4选项A.Introducing the issue - raising his own point of view - offering reasons and describing the actual status - citing ways to deal with the issue.B.Citing ways to deal with the issue - offering reasons and describing the actual status - raising his own point of view - introducing the issue.C.Raising his own point of view - citing ways to deal with the issue - offering reasons and describing the actual status - introducing the issue.D.Raising his own point of view - introducing the issue - citing ways to deal with the issue - offering reasons and describing the actual status.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.根据文章第四段in higher education, students rarely learned as much from online courses as they did in traditional classes. In fact, the report found that the biggest benefit of online instruction, came from a learning environment that combined technology with traditional methods, but warned that the uptick had more to do with the increased amount of individualized instruction students got in that environment, not the presence of technology. For all but the brightest, the more time students spend with traditional instruction, the better they seem to do. 在高等教育中，学生从在线课程中学到的东西很少像在传统课程中那么多。事实上，该报告发现在线教学最大的好处来自于一个将技术与传统方法结合起来的学习环境，但报告警告称这种增长更多地与学生在这种环境中获得的个性化教学数量的增加有关，而不是技术的存在。除了最聪明的学生外，所有学生花在传统教学上的时间越多，他们似乎做得越好。确定A选项学生可以从科技的存在中获益最多、C选项与传统教育相比，学生可以学到更多错误，D选项最聪明的学生花的时间越多，他们的分数就越高没有提及，所以B选项正确。2.根据第三段第二句First, although the content is free now, its unlikely that it will remain that way for long. 首先，尽管内容现在是免费的，但这种情况不太可能持续太久。可知A选项公司和学校都想从在线课程中获利不是扩大教育差距的原因，A选项符合题意，3.根据文章最后一段倒数第二句 If we really want to democratize education, finding creative ways to realistically open up colleges to different communities will do more to help than a model that is more beneficial for students who are already wealthy, academically prepared and highly motivated. 如果我们真的想让教育民主化，找到创造性的方法，切实地向不同的社区开放大学，这将比一种模式更有帮助，这种模式更有利于那些已经富有、学业准备充分、积极性很高的学生。可知C选项创造性地、现实地为不同背景的学生建立大学符合题意。4.文章最后提出解决措施，所以排序最后应该是citing ways to deal with the issue，确定A选项正确。7.单选题Is that lovely girl over there（ ）Susan Blake who used to be so fat?问题1选项A.anB.aC.theD.one【答案】C【解析】语法-冠词和代词的使用。句意：在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊布莱克？由句中 “who used to be so fat 过去一直如此胖”可知Susan Blake为特定的某人，所以用表示特指的定冠词the，C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one般用来表示非特别指代的一个。8.单选题The high school my daughter studies in is（ ）our university.问题1选项A.linked byB.relevant toC.mingled withD.affiliated with【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项link by“由连接”；B选项relevant to“有关的，相应的；与有关的”；C选项mingle with“和混合”；D选项affiliate with“交往；附属于”。句意：我女儿就读的高中我们的大学。高中与大学的关系应该是“附属关系”，D选项正确。9.单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never（ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项symmetrical“匀称的；对称的”；B选项comparative“比较的；相当的”；C选项compatible“兼容的；能共处的；可并立的”；D选项harmonious“和谐的；协调的；悦耳的”。句意：不要再相信演讲者了，因为他在演讲中所做的评论与事实不。compatible with表示“与一致”，符合本句语境，因此C选项正确。10.单选题Recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to cut segments of DNA from one type of organism and combine them with the genes of a second organism. Also called genetic engineering recombinant DNA technology is a method by which relatively simple organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, or even mammalian cells in culture, can be induced to make quantities of human proteins, including interferons or grow tobacco plants that produce monoclonal antibodies, and goats that secrete a clot-dissolving heart attack drug, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), in their milk.Another facet of recombinant DNA technology involves gene therapy. The goal of this therapy is to replace defective genes, or to endow a cell with new capabilities. In 1989, the feasibility and safety of gene transfer was demonstrated when tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) were extracted from a patient, equipped with a marker gene (so they could be tracked and monitored), and then re-injected into patients with advanced cancer. To deliver the gene into the TILS, the scientists used a virus, exploiting its natural tendency to invade cells, before being used as a vector, the virus was altered so that it could not reproduce or cause disease. This experiment demonstrated that gene-modified cells could survive for long periods in the bloodstream and in tumor deposits without harm to the patient.The earliest attempts to use genes therapeutically focused on a form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), which is caused by the lack of an enzyme due to a single abnormal gene. The gene for this enzyme-adenosine deaminase (ADA)is delivered into the patients T cells by a modified retrovirus. When the virus splices its genes into those of the T cells, it simultaneously introduces the gene for the missing enzyme. After the treated T cells begin to produce the missing enzyme, they are injected back into the patient.Gene therapy is now being used with some cancer patients. TILS reinforced with a gene for the antitumor cytokine known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been administered to patients with advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Plans are under way to engineer a cancer “vaccine” designed to improve anticancer immune responses by taking small bits of tumor from patients with cancer, outfitting the tumor cells with genes for immune cell activating cytokines such as LL2, and re-injecting these gene-modified tumors into the patient. While the thought of reintroducing a cancerous tumor into a patient seems somewhat frightening, the enhanced immune response triggered by this technique may help prevent the recurrence of cancer.1.What innate characteristic of viruses did researchers take advantage of in order to transport genes into TILS?2.According to the passage, SCID is caused by（ ）.3.Why might cancer patients be leery of the prospect of a cancer “vaccine” as discussed in this passage?4.Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is transferred into the T cells of a patient via which of the following?问题1选项A.protective protein coatB.affinity for invading cellsC.non-cellular consistencyD.ability to produce DNA from RNA问题2选项A.an overabundance of monoclonal antibodiesB.an overabundance of tumor necrosis factorC.a lack of tumor necrosis factorD.a lack of adenosine deaminase问题3选项A.Vaccine recipients will be re-injected with cancerous materialB.The vaccine is derived from the tobacco plant.C.The safety of genetic transfer has not yet been proven.D.Genetic material from the vector could invade the vaccine recipients bloodstream.问题4选项A.marker geneB.TILSC.interferonD.modified retrovirus【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问研究人员利用病毒的什么固有特性来将基因导入TILS?根据文章第二段第四句的“To deliver the gene into the TILS, the scientists used a virus, exploiting its natural tendency to invade cells. 为了将这种基因导入TILS，科学家们使用了一种病毒，利用它入侵细胞的自然倾向。”确定B选项入侵细胞的倾向正确。2.题目提问根据文章，SCID是由导致的。根据第三段第一句与第二句中的“ a form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease （SCID）, which is caused by the lack of an enzyme due to a single abnormal gene. The gene for this enzyme-adenosine deaminase （ADA）is delivered into the patients T cells by a modified retrovirus. 一种严重的联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由单个异常基因引起的酶缺乏引起。这种酶的基因腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)通过一种改良的逆转录病毒进入病人的T细胞 ” 中的 lack of 可以排除 A选项单克隆抗体过量、 B选项肿瘤坏死因子过多和C选项缺乏肿瘤坏死因子。从第一句与第二句的前后关系及this这个词知道第一句的enzyme 就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosine deaminase （ADA），所以D选项缺乏腺哲脱氨酶正确。3.题目提问为什么癌症患者会对这篇文章中所讨论的癌症“疫苗”的前景持怀疑态度?根据最后一段最后一句中的 “ While the thought of reintroducing a cancerous tumor into a patient seems somewhat frightening,尽管将恶性肿瘤细胞重新植入患者体内的想法似乎有点吓人”推知A选项疫苗接种者将被重新注入癌物质正确。B选项疫苗是来自烟草植物和D选项载体