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二、代词指代题(2019全国，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandcoauthoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahlswritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matildasbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，buttheyrealsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiItsabouttwosistersEri，amodelwhoeitherwontorcantstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidntwanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid，butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.TherestensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.Itsarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhatsgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworldspopulation，abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.21Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?AStephenKing.BGillianFlynn.CJoUsmar.DRoaldDahl.答案C解析代词指代题。由标题MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻进行写作的。故选C。22WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?ACosmopolitan.BMatilda.CAfterDark.DTheStand.答案C解析细节理解题。根据AfterDark部分中的第一句“ItsabouttwosistersEri，amodelwhoeitherwontorcantstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知答案为C。23WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?AAfolktale.BAbiography.CAlovestory.DAhorrorstory.答案D解析细节理解题。根据GoneGirl部分中的“.thehorrorstoryisbrilliant.”可知答案为D。一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which.”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which.”inParagraph.refersto“”二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第21题。由标题MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻进行写作的。故C选项正确。A2019江西省名校(临川一中、南昌二中)联考Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard，maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame，whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet？Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm”，oftenusedinasituationaquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityorexcitement.Accordingtoourownexperience，weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhat8causesthiscalm？Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm，thesimplestkindofstormasinglecellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm，thereisusuallyonlyonemainstreamof9current，whichiswarm,5dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel，sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirectionsevenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.11Asthewarm，dampairispulledintoastormsystem，itleavesalowpressurevacuum(真空) comingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds，thusthetemperatureofthewarm，dampairdrops，andthewatervaporinitchangesinto6tinydropsthatarea1preconditionofrain.Thesedrops2accumulateandbuildonlargerparticles(颗粒) likedust，untiltheygrowlargeenoughto10formraindrops.Thiswarm，dampairkeepsmovingupwards，butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud，theairissqueezedoutatthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere，theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable，andonceitcoversaregion，thatair，inturn，causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms，though，dontstartwithcalm.Thatsbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.Theressomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead，beforethestorm，itmightbereallywindy!语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，并指出并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静。1Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?AAthunderstormwithasingleshape.BAthunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.CAstormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.DAstormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句的内容“在这种类型的雷暴中，通常只有一股主要气流，那就是来自地面附近温暖潮湿的空气”可知，特殊的雷暴是指由地面移动的空气推动的风暴。故D项正确。2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?AThewarmandwetair.BThewarmanddryair.CThecoldandwetair.DThecoldanddryair.答案A解析代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds，thusthetemperatureofthewarm，dampairdrops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，其中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知，画线词指的是前面提到的温暖潮湿的空气，故A项正确。3Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?APresenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.BAllthunderstormsdontstartwiththecalm.CThedriertheairis，thebiggerthestormwillbe.DStormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mostthunderstorms，though，dontstartwithcalm.”可知，然而，大多数雷暴并非始于平静，由此可知，并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静，故B项正确。4Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?AAbriefintroductionofapeacefulstorm.BApersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.CAnexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.DAnanalysisofcausesandeffectsofastorm.答案C解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butwhatcausesthiscalm? Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm？”可知，本文主要解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，故C项正确。B(2019湖南长沙雅礼中学模拟)Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworldsbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsaboutthe7impactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.12Thescientists，ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)，aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.Lastyear，partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解) away，formingahugeicebergA68whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon，andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudy3marinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange，”shesaid.“Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater.”ProfessorDavidVaughan，sciencedirectorattheBAs，said，“Weneedtobebold(大胆的) onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthereslotsofseaiceinthearea，butthisisimportantscience，sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.”HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters.“Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm，thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie.”ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth，areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch，publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience，EngineeringandMedicine，said，“Atthecurrentrate，theworldsoceanwillbe，onaverage，atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”However，itfoundthattheprocessis4accelerating，andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica，thestudyshows.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68冰山。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。5Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?ATostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.BTostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.CToexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.DToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的新的海洋生态系统。故选B。6Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisone”inthefourthparagraphreferto?ATheLarsenCiceshelf.BClimatechangeinAntarctica.CTheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.DTheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.答案C解析代词指代题。由第三段“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife.”可知，A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。7WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?AItisasbigasLondon.BItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.CItwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.DIthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“.whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon.”可知A选项错误；由第四段第二句中的“LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthereslotsofseaiceinthearea.”可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，故B选项错误；由第一段最后一句中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。8Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?AThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.BTheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.CManycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.DBy2100，thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.答案D解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“.Atthecurrentrate，theworldsoceanswillbe，onaverage，atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”可推测D选项正确。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Inthecurrentglobaleconomy，peaceisthepreconditionandguaranteeforstabledevelopment.前提2Aspeopleaccumulatemorewealth，theytendtospendagreaterproportionoftheirincome，enjoyinglife.积累3ItisoneofEuropesfinestaquariums(水族馆)，whichishometovariousseafishandothermarineanimals.海洋的4Basedonthenewtheory，onedaywellbeabletoacceleratehealinginhumansbyturningoffthep21gene.加速(二)同义词语替换5Somechopsticksgrowmould(霉) whenexposedtodampairforalongtime，whichmayleadtolivercancer(肝癌)，thereportsaid.wet6Mothernatureisfullofwonders.Creaturesastinyasabutterflycandothingswecouldneverhaveimagined.small7Attheyoungageof21，SwiftTaylorhasalreadymadeamajorimpactonmusicandhasbeenanincrediblerolemodelforyoungwomeneverywhere.influence/effect(三)一词多义8causev导致n原因；事业(1)Weshouldbedevotedtofurtheringthecauseofculturalcooperation.n.事业(2)Itissaidthatglobalwarmingiscausedbytheactivitiesofhumans.v.导致(3)Carsareoneoftheleadingcausesofairpollutionintheworldtoday.n.原因9currentadj.当前的n(气/水/电/洋)流(1)ProfessorHeidiJohansenBerg，aneurologist(神经学者) atOxfordUniversity，hasdiscoveredthatfiringatinyelectricalcurrenttopartofthebraincanhelppeoplelearnfaster.n.(电)流(2)Hewantstosellthehouseforitscurrentmarketvalue.adj.当前的10formn形式；种类；表格v.形成(1)Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.n.种类(2)Badhabits，onceformed，aredifficulttogiveuporcorrect.v.形成(3)Ahouseholdheaterabsorbsenergyintheformofelectriccurrentandreleasesitintheformofheat.n.形式(4)Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthandoccupation.n.表格.长难句理解11Asthewarm，dampairispulledintoastormsystem，itleavesalowpressurevacuum(真空) comingafter.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句。其中as引导的是时间状语从句；主句中的谓语动词为leaves，表示“留下”。精美译文当温暖潮湿的空气被吸入风暴中时，会留下一个低压真空带。12Thescientists，ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)，aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句。其中主句主语为thescientists，ledby为过去分词作定语；谓语动词为aretrying，that引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词anewlyrevealedecosystem。精美译文由英国南极调查局(BAS)领导的科学家们正试图找到一个新发现的生态系统，这个生态系统已经在拉森C冰架下隐藏了12万年。强化练(十七).阅读理解AMostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterslinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.Tofindawayout，farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinsocalled“verticalgardens”Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水)Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12$13tobuild.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。为了找到出路，这个国家的农民正在学习在所谓的“垂直花园”里种植蔬菜。1WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?ASevereclimateconditions.BToomanypeopletosupport.CLackofenoughfreshwater.DReducedcropproductivity.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知，“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。故选D。2Whichmainlymakesvegetablegrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?APlacesinthesoilforroots.BHeavyrainskeptinthesoil.CThegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.DBrickpiecesaddedtothesoil.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知，少盐的好土让垂直花园的蔬菜种植成功。故选C。3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?ABricks.BFertilizers.CVillagers.DContainers.答案D解析代词指代题。根据第三段可知，垂直花园很容易建造。村民们用好土和天然肥料装满容器。他们把容器放在砖上，这样它们就离地了。他们在土壤中加入砖块来帮助水流和排水。由此推知画线词they指代的是“容器”。故选D。4Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?AItisofftheground.BItdrainsveryimproperly.CItusesbambooforcontainers.DItisunfitforgrowingvegetables.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.Thisverticaltowermeasuresmorethanameterwide.”可知，农民们也在由竹子支撑的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里种植蔬菜。这个“verticaltower”有一米多宽。故选A。B(2019河南新乡二模)WhenIwasfiveorsixyearsold, IrememberwatchingTVandseeingotherchildrensufferinotherpartsoftheworld.Iwouldsaytomyself, “WhenIgrowup, whenIcangetrich, Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.”At17, IstartedmycareerhereinAmerica, andbytheageof18, Istartedmyfirstcharityorganization.Iwentontoteamupwithotherorganizationsinthefollowingyears, andmet, helped, andevenlostsomeofthemostbeautifulsouls, fromsixyearoldJasminaAnemawhopassedawayin2010fromleukemia(白血病), whosestoryinspiredthousandstovolunteerasdonors, to2012whengrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer, whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF)Wereallhuman.Andwealljustwantachance: achanceatlife, achanceineducation, achanceatafuture, really.AndatCLF, ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible, butitstartswithjustone.Peoplemakeitseemtoohardtodocharitywork.Thetruthis, youdonthavetoberichtohelpothers.Youdontneedtobefamous.Youdontevenhavetobecollegeeducated.Butitstartswithyourneighbor，thepersonrightnexttoyou，thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass，thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood.Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.Andtoday，Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson，oneorganization，onesituationthattouchesyourheart.Mygrandmotheralwaysusedtosay, “Ifyouvegotadollar, theresplentytoshare.”语篇解读文章介绍了作者从小立志要帮助其他孩子，在作者祖母去世后，作者成立了CLF帮助身边的人，作者建议人们做一些小事情帮助身边的人。5Whatdidtheauthorwanttodoatayoungage?AWatchTV.BGrowupquickly.CBecomewealthy.DHelpotherchildren.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段，特别是最后一句“WhenIgrowup, whenIcangetrich, Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.”可知，作者小的时候想要帮助其他的孩子。故选D。6WhatdirectlycausedtheauthortocreateanddeveloptheCLF?AAsixyearoldkidsrequest.BHergrandmothersdeathofcancer.CManyvolunteersinspiration.DOtherorganizationsencouragement.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“.whengrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer, whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation( CLF)”可知，作者的祖母因癌症去世导致她成立了CLF。故选B。7Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph2referto?AAchance.BAtask.CAlife.DAnorganization.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“AndatCLF, ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible.”可知下文的one指的是上文的manylives其中之一。故选C。8Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?ADolittlethingstohelpthosearoundthem.BWorkhardtogetacollegeeducation.CChallengetheirfriendstoofferhelp.DDocharityworkwhateveryouare.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子“Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.”可知，作者建议人们做一些小事情帮助身边的人。故选A。C(2018浙江第二次联盟联考)Whenourdaughter，Sandy，belongedtotheSt.MarkEvangelicalLutheranGirlPioneersinsixthgrade，theleadersthoughtitwouldbeniceifthegirlsmadepineconewreaths(花环) fortheirfamiliesasChristmasgifts.Sothegroupgatheredpinecones，puttheminwaterandboughtwirewreathframesandadhesive(黏合剂) toholdeverythinginplace.AfewdaysbeforeChristmas，theyandtheirleadersdeliveredthefinishedhandiwork.Throughtheyears，weproudlyhungupherwreatheachChristmas.In1986，thewreathwashangingonourdoorasusualwhenthetemperatureonChristmasDayreached80degrees.Theadhesivebegantobreakdownandthepineconesstartedfallingalloverourfrontporch.Wetookthewreathdown，planningtorepairit，andgatheredupthepinecones.Thatspring，asmyhusband，Don，wasweedingtheflowerbedinfrontofourhouse，hewassurprisedtodiscoverasmallevergreenplant.Wedecidedtoleaveitalone.Thedeterminedtreekeptgrowing，makingitrightthroughthelongwinter.Whenitgottoobigfortheflowerbedwemovedittothebackofourlot.Asthetreegrew，sodidourfamily，includingfourgrandchildren.Onedaythemenfromtheelectriccompanycametotrim(修剪) ourtrees.Oneofthemsaiditwasashamethatsomedayourniceevergreenwouldhavetobecutdown.WejustcouldntletthathappentoourfaithfulifaccidentalChristmastree.Wedecidedtomoveitagain，thistimetoSandyandherhusbandJoelsnewhouseinthecountry.MyhusbandhelpedJoeldigtheevergreenout.Itwasntreadytoletgowithoutafight.Finally，fivehourslater，thetreecameloose.TheywrappedtherootsasbestastheycouldandputthewholethinginJoelstruck.Afteranhoursdrivetheyplantedthetree.Imhappytoreportthatourbraveevergreenisstillgrowing，nowproducingpineconesofitsown.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的女儿六年级时听从她所参加的St.Mark Evangelical Lutheran Girl Pioneers的领导的安排，用松球做一个花环来作为家人的圣诞礼物。后来这个花环的松球掉落在她家门廊前(的土里)，长出了一棵松树(西方通常用松树做圣诞树)，他们一家非常珍惜这棵树。9WhatwasaChristmastraditionforthefamily?AMakingdisheswithpinecones.BMakingwreathstogetherwithSandy.CHangingSandyshandiworkonthedoor.DDecoratingtheChristmastreetogether.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段的内容尤其是最后一句中的“theyandtheirleadersdeliveredthefinishedhandiwork”可知，桑迪在六年级时用松球做了这个手工花环作为圣诞礼物，根据第二段中的“Throughtheyears，weproudlyhungupherwreatheachChristmas.onourdoorasusual”可知，作者一家每个圣诞节都会骄傲地在门上挂上桑迪做的松球花环。10WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?AWhatthegoodolddayswerelike.BHowthefamilytookcareofthewreaths.CWhattheirattitudetowardChristmaswas.DHowthefamily“treasure”cameintobeing.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句可知，本段主要讲述作者一家将松球花环悬挂在门上，有一年，这个花环的松球掉落在她家门廊前(的土里)，后来作者的丈夫就在花坛里发现了一株松树的幼苗。由此可总结出本段主要讲的是作者一家格外珍惜的松树的由来。11Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3mean?ACuttingdowntheevergreen.BLeavingtheevergreenalone.CThemansjudgingthefamily.DHavingtheevergreentrimmedagain.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，电力公司来修剪树的人中的一个人说，有朝一日我们这棵很棒的松树将不得不被砍掉，这是很可惜的。而画线词所在句表示我们绝对不会让这样的事发生在我们的树身上，再结合下文中作者一家将树移栽到别的地方可知，此处表示我们不会让这棵松树被砍掉。12Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?AMyFamilyTraditionBMyDaughtersGrowthCABelovedChristmasTreeDASpecialPineConeWreath答案C解析标题归纳题。文章虽然是用松球做的花环作为圣诞礼物引出的故事，但作者主要是描写一棵长在自己家里的圣诞树。所以答案为C。.七选五(2019湖北黄冈中学三模)Duringhis2009TEDGlobaltalk，soundconsultantJulianTreasuresaidtherearefourmajorwaysthatsoundaffectshuman.Whatdofirealarms，carnoisesandalarmclocksallhaveincommon? Theirsoundaffectsusphysiologically(生理上地)13Heartrateincreasesandbreathquickensasthebodypreparestofightapossiblethreatorrunforsurvival.Butaphysiologicalresponsetosoundisntalwaysupsetting.Therhythmic(有节奏的 ) frequencyofoceanwavesroughlymatchestherhythmofasleepingpersonsbreathing.14Thesecondwaysoundaffectsusispsychologicalitmakesusfeel.Haveyoueverheardapieceofmusicthatmakesyousad？Whetheritsasadsongthatbringstearstoyoureyesorafunnysongthatmakesyoulaugh，musiccanmakeusfeelarangeofemotions.15Whenwehearthecomfortingsingingofbirds，weknowthingsaregoodandsafe.16Thebraintriestogetmeaningfromthewordsandsentenceswehear.Whenyourmom，dad，andlittlebrotherarealltalkingatonceatthedinnertable，thecompetingvoicesmakeithardtofocus.Ourbrainshaveaverysmallbandwidthforprocessingauditory(听觉的) input，saysTrea
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