【牛津英语】2021届高三英语二轮复习 语法专题10 形容词与副词

2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题专题10形容词与副词一语法概念巧掌握：形容词与副词考点大解析形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时;表语形容词作定语时;修饰复合不定代词时。3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。5. 考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。8. 考查比较等级的修饰语。考点1： 在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。经过统计，常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列)：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握：a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well考点2：考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语 【备考清单】1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法：as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“和一样”及not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“不如”。例如：(94全国) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟一样”。例如：(2001全国) Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.(2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours. 比较级+ than表“比更”及less . than表示“不如”。例如：This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.This road is wider than that one.the + 比较级，the + 比较级表示“越，就越”。例如：(93上海) Its believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get.the +比较级+ of the + 名词/ 代词表示两者中“较的”。例如：Who is the younger of the two boys?比较级+ 比较级(越来越)。_ 例如：Our country is getting stronger and stronger.Things became worse and worse from then on.用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望见的人。2) 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语 注意一些形容词或副词前的特定修饰语。例如：(2004广东) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always that much to do. (那样多)I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.quite possible / impossibleMy hometown is much changed.much to my surprise(很让我吃惊)be well worth doing (很值得做) 比较级前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等词修饰。(注意more不用于修饰比较级)。例如：(94全国) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.(2000上海) Youre standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?This is by far the better. 最高级可用序数词、much、by far、nearly、almost等词修饰。例如：Africa is the second largest continent.The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.I like this film the very best / much the best.考点3：形容词作表语，形容词、副词作后置定语 【备考清单】1) 形容词用于系动词后作表语在最近几年高考试题中系动词加形容词作表语的情况出现过很多次。高考对此点的考查集中于区别到底是系动词还是一般动词并选择合适的形容词，而不是副词作表语。常见的联系动词有如下三类：表示感觉的系动词：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等表示变化的系动词：become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go等表示状态存在的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等。例如：2) 形容词、副词作后置定语【备考清单】常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有： 形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置。present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定语。副词修饰动词时, 放在动词之后。修饰形容词或副词时, 放在被修饰词之前。enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置，修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。形容词短语修饰名词作主语时要后置。用and或or连接的形容词作定语时要后置, 起强调作用。表数量的词作定语时要后置。副词修饰形容词的特殊词序, “so, as, how, too + 形容词+ 单数可数名词”。考点4： 倍数表达法【备考清单】三种常见倍数表达法：1) 倍数+ as + 原级形容词+ as .。例如：This road is three times as long as that one.2) 倍数+ the size / length / width / depth / height of .。例如：The river is five times the width of that one.3) 倍数+ 比较级+ than + 被比较对象。例如：The sun is a million times larger than the earth.考点5： 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题及语序不同意义不同的词组【备考清单】1) 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律：如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。例如：a small wonderful gift常用的顺序为：限定词+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容性形容词+(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+产地(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。例如：all these last few days 最近的这些日子some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车 其中限定词的排列顺序为：all / both / half / double / 倍数词/ 分数词+ 冠词/ 指示代词/ 物主代词/ 名词所有格/ some / any / no / every / each +基数词/ 序数词/ little / few / last / next / other / another / more，形容词的排列顺序为：大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、用途、类别等。尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律，但由于所涉及的词太多，想要记清楚确实有难度。下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆：所有这些词， 顺序往后数;美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。上面口诀中前两句主要用于解决排在最前边的多个限定词之间的顺序。它可以应用于all (所有) these (这些) last (顺序) few (数量) days短语中。这个短语基本上可以体现多个限定词之间的先后顺序。口诀后两句可对应一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句中得以体现，而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”，即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词，如产地、材料、用途等，则能轻松突破此难点。考点6： 考查形容词与副词区别, 易混词带有-ly的形容词、副词及复合形容词【备考清单】1) 注意如下有无-ly的形容词和副词的意义区别：wide / high / deep(具体的意义)宽/ 高/ 深widely / highly / deeply(抽象意义)广泛地/ 高度地/ 深深地most十分、非常/ 最多(大)的mostly主要地、绝大多数地、多半close靠近地closely密切地、仔细地late迟的，迟到的lately最近、近来direct直接(主要用于谈论路程和时间,和straight意思相同) directly直率地、立即2) 注意合成形容词本质上是一个形容词，其合成部份中的名词不能变为复数形式。例如：He wrote a two-thousand-word report.His uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man.3) “名词+ ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等4) 有些词既可以作形容词也可以作副词。例如:He got up late, so he was late for school again.Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, youll find the supermarket at the end.This maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last.形容词和副词高考单项空中的10大考点| 文章作者：佚名 | 文章来源：网络 | 文章录入：henry982 | 更新时间：2007-2-25 | 字体：小 大 | 一、考查形容词和副词的基本用法 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。如： (1)Tom sounds very much _in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 解析：句中sounds意为“听起来”，是系动词，后接表语，要用形容词，排除C和D；又因表示“对感兴趣”，用interested。答案是A。 (2)We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell_. (1995上海) A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad 解析：句意是：“我们不在乎猎狗闻 起来难闻，但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。”前者smell是系动词，后接形容词，后者smell是行为动词，用副词来修饰；此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好，用在此句中不行，只能作副词用。答案是B (3)These oranges taste _. (1991全国) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 解析：因taste(尝起来)是系动词，后要接形容词作表语，故选A。 (4)What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my house _.(2005上海春) A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable 解析：在宾语后补语要用形容词。答案是B。 (5)She doesnt speak _her friend, but her written work is excellent. (1993全国) A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 解析：由语境可知，前一分句的意思是：“她不如她朋友说得好。”修饰动词speak，用副词well。答案是A。 (6)He drives much _than he did three years ago. (1981全国) A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully 解析：由than可知要用比较级，排除A和B；修饰动词drives要用副词作状语，排除C。答案是D。 (7)_, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (2004上海春) A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 解析：由语境可知，选项是修饰整个句子的状语，应用副词，排除选项C和D；又因enough修饰副词要放在所修饰的副词后，排除B。答案是A。 二、考查形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；修饰复合不定代词时。如： (8)_to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 解析：由enough要放在所修饰的形容词brave之后，排除选项B和D；brave enough与后面的不定式构成形容词短语作定语，要放在所修饰的名词students之后，排除A。答案是C。 (9) All the people _at the party were his supporters. (2002北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 解析：因为要在名词后作定语，选项中只有present(出席的，在场的)这个表语形容词作定语才可以放在所修饰的名词后，故选A。 三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。如： (10) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. (2004辽宁) A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 解析：large是“大小”，German是“产地”，white是“颜色”；其排列顺序应当是“大小+颜色+产地”。故选B。 (11)_ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 解析：根据“限定词+形容词+名词”，数词属于限定词，选出A和B来；再根据“描绘(strong)+大小(young)+国籍(Chinese)”，所以选A。 (12)The _house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (2004江苏) A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 解析：因为little是限定词，应放在形容词前面，排除C和D；表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面，所以只有A对。 答案：A (13)This _girl is Lindas cousin. (2005北京) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 解析：pretty是描绘性形容词，little是表示大小的形容词，Spanish是表示国籍的形容词，所以，它们的排序是pretty little Spanish。答案是A。 注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)。如： (14) The husband gave his wife _every month in order to please her. (2004重庆) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 解析：all和half都是前位限定词，his是中位限定词，所以his要位于all和half之后，故选A。 (15)How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _days at the seaside. (1995全国) A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 解析：sunny与day的关系最密切，要紧靠day，或者根据last和few是限定词，要放在描绘性形容词sunny的前面，排除选项C和D；凭语感或由学过的in the last few years可知，last要放在few前，排除选项A。答案是B。 四、考查副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如： (16)Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Cirele Building. (2006湖南) A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily 解析：因make ones way to是固定词组，意为“前往”，修饰动词made要用副词，排除选项A和B；副词enough修饰形容词或副词，要放在后面，排除D。答案是C。 (17) If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (1998全国) A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 解析：形容词long要放所修饰的名词holiday前；副词enough要放在所修饰的long之后，故选A。 此外，频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如： (18) _I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (1991全国) A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner 解析：quickly是表方式的副词，通常位于“动词(+宾语)”之后，故选C。 (19)Theyre not very good, but we like_. (2000上海) A. anyway to play basketball B. to play basketball with them any way C. to play with them basketball anyway D. with them to play basketball 解析：like后应直接接宾语to play basketball，状语放在宾语后。答案是B。 (20)Will you give this message to Mr Baker, please? Sorry, I cant. He _. (1992全国) A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer 解析：doesnt后应紧跟动词原形work，排除选项A和B；地点状语要放在时间状语前面，排除选项C。答案是D。 五、考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。如： (21) Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (2004重庆) A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry 解析：表示人(parents)“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词作宾补，故选A。 (22)It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (2003上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 解析：前者是作表语，表示“(令人)有趣的”，用interesting，后者是在will后作谓语，用动词原形，表示“使(人)有趣”是interest。答案是D。 (23)Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (2003京春) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 解析：前空是“感到累”用tired，后空是“令人厌倦的”用tiring。答案是A。 (24) Im very _with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a_ smell. (2002春) A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 解析：表示“感到高兴”用pleased；表示“令人愉快的”用pleasant。答案是D。 六、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。如： (25) It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _to her mother. (2002北京) A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 解析：因紧靠母亲站着，是指实际距离近，用与形容词同形的副词close，故选A。选项C的closely一般指抽象意义，如listen closely(仔细听)。 七、考查形容词和副词的比较等级 1. as+形容词/副词原级+as (26)A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour. (2006上海) A. too B. very C. so D. as 解析：asas固定搭配。答案是D。 (27)John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. (2005安徽) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 解析：as tall as five foot eight = as tall as five feet eight inches高达五英尺八英寸。答案是B。 (28)John plays football_, if not better than, David. (1994全国) A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 解析：句意是：“John踢足球不比David更好，也会和他一样好。”从结构上看，去掉插入语if not better than，就更清楚地知道用as well as，肯定句中不用soas。答案是B。 2. not as/so+原级+as (29) He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 解析：修饰动词speaks要用副词，排除A和B；又因than前必须是比较级，排除D；只有选项C正确。 (30)Do you have a big library? No, we dontat least, not _yours. (1982全国) A. bigger as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigger than 解析：由语境可知，是要表达“至少没有你们的图书馆那么大”，表示“不如”是“not as+原级+as”。答案是B。 3. as +形容词+(a/an+)名词+as (31) Our neighbour has _ ours. (2003北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 解析：由句式结构判断，选B。 (32)It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. (2001全国) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 解析：由固定搭配“as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as”可排除选项A，B和C。答案是D。 4. 比较级，A or B? (33)Which do you think tastes_, the chicken or the fish? (1986全国) A. well B. good C. better D. best 解析：两者之间比较，要用比较级。答案是C。 5. 比较级+than (34)Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006全国II) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than 解析：由no可知，“我需要的比我原来想会花掉的多得多。”答案是C。 (35)Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005山东) A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 解析：由than可知要用比较级，排除选项D；又因collection(收藏品)是可数名词，此处为单数又不是特指，要用不定冠词a。答案是B。 (36)The number of people present at the concert was _than expected. There were many ticket left. (2004福建) A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more 解析：因为主语是“去参加音乐会的人的数量”，而数量是讲大小，而不是多少的，排除B和D；又由后文还“有很多票剩下，可见参加音乐会的人比原来预计的要少，所以选A。答案是A。 (37)I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _ than John. (2004上海春) A. more efficiently a worker B. a more efficient worker C. more an efficient worker D. a worker more efficient 解析：形容词(efficient)作定语应当是在名词(work)前冠词(a)后，efficient的比较级当然是在其前面加more。答案是B。 (38)Although Linda tried hard in the exam, she did _ than her brother. (2000上海春) A. more badly B. much better C. much badly D. much worse 解析：由than可知用比较级，排除选项C；badly的比较级是worse，而不是在前面加more，排除选项A；由although(虽然但是)可知，她比她兄弟考得差，排除选项B。答案是D。 (39)This year they have produced _grain _they did last year. (1989全国) A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than 解析：因asas之间要用原级，排除A；又因grain是不可数名词，而few是要放在复数可数名词前的，排除B和D。答案是C。 6. 隐含式比较级 有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。 (40)I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (2006江苏) A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more 解析：由more work和后面一句可知前面是less talking，排除C和D；这是肯定句，修饰比较级不用any，用a bit与some相对应。答案是A。 (41)I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_ . (2006江西) A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 解析：由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”，省略了than this one。答案是B。 (42)That doesnt sound very frightening. Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? (2004湖南) A. better B. worse C. best D. worst 解析：由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知，说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事，所以用比较级worse。答案是B。 (43)John did badly in the sports meet. I did even_. (1983全国) A. worst B. more bad C. also badly D. worse 解析：后面省略了than he did，意为“我比他更差”。答案是D。 (44)Is your headache getting _? No, its worse. (2005全国卷III) A. better B. bad C. less D. well 解析：由答语No, its worse.可知问句中用better，省略了than before。答案是A。 (45)It takes a long time to go there by train; its _by road. (1993全国) A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker 解析：由语境可知，句末省略了than by train，用比较级。答案是D。 (46)The pianos in the other shop will be _, but_ (1990全国)