2019版高考英语二轮复习 专题限时集训9 词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义（含解析）

专题限时集训(九)词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义ANot all awards are as noble as the Nobel Prize，which is world-famous for giving prizes to people who made progress in literature，science，economics andperhaps most importantlypeace，even though most countries have a system for recognizing，honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries，there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.The Oscars are probably the most famous，a time for the film industry to tell itself how good it is.The awards are not only for filmsnow there are also Grammies，Brits，the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music.In Britain，a writer who wins the Booker prize，can expect to see their difficult，literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with The Da Vinci Code for popularity.The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds，putting animals in glass cases orthis yearbuilding a garden shed.Awards dont only exist for the arts.There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year，for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year.This seems very strange sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it，or to help people who are on tight budget carry on their work without worrying about finances，but professional soccer players these days are not shy of fund!Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize，nor did Leonardo Da Vinci.Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies.This means that not only the person who wins the award benefits from it but also the sponsors.The MTV awards，for example，are great for publicizing not only music，but also MTV itself!On the surface，it seems to be a “win-win” situation，with everyone being happy，but let me ask you a question how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here，and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?【语篇解读】本文作者对品类越来越多的获奖及获奖庆典提出了自己的疑问和看法。1Why does the writer write Paragraphs 2 and 3?ATo show the importance of giving awards to people.BTo show there are various awards.CTo tell us why so many awards appear.DTo tell us how people win awards.B考查推理判断。根据第二段和第三段列举电影类奖项Oscars、音乐类奖项Grammies，Brits，the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards、文学奖项Booker prize以及当代艺术奖项、体育奖项等等可知，作者写这两段是为了展示多种多样的奖项。2What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean?ADont need to carry on their work.BArent as famous as other people.CArent as important as other people.DDont lack moneyD考查词义猜测。根据前文“.to help people who are on tight budget carry on their work without worrying about finances”可知，此处是说现在专业足球运动员并不缺钱。3Which of the following statements may the writer agree with?AThe win-win situation satisfies all people involved.BMost awards today go to people who dont really need them.CAwards should be given to people with financial problems.DOrganizations that give awards take advantage of awards ceremonies.D考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“This means that not only the person who wins the award benefits from it.”可知，那些颁发奖项的组织或赞助者也同时从中获利。4In the passage，the writer is mainly concerned .Aif awards go to people who really deserve themBif Nobel Prize and other awards are still as noble as before Cthat awards and ceremonies publicize the winners too muchDthat too many awards can do harm to publicity or marketingA考查推理判断。根据第一段的第一句及最后一段的末句可知，作者对获奖是否真的是对成就的一种认可表示怀疑，这篇文章也贯穿了这个思想。B(2018河北省“五个一名校联盟”模拟)Imagine this scene：its blowing outside，and you snuggle (蜷伏)up on the sofa under a warm quilt，chatting and recalling with your closest friends.That content，cosy feeling，has a name in Danish hygge.And，as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”，the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept.Hygge originally from a Norwegian word meaning well-being doesnt have an exact equivalent (对应物)in English.Its often translated as coziness，or as blogger Anna West told the BBC，“coziness of the soul”But，professor Maren Spark explains，“Hygge was never meant to be translated.It was meant to be felt.”Basically，hygge involves creating a warm，cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones.Danish winters are long and dark，so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season.A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light-hearted conversation with friends preferably in the warm glow of candlelight，or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing.However，hygge isnt only limited to the cold winter months it can also describe that warm，fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on a summers day or a family barbecue in the park.Hygge is meant to be shared.【语篇解读】每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。5The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to .Ahelp the readers to calm downBintroduce the topic of the passageCpresent the main idea of the passageDremind the readers of their past memoriesB考查推理判断。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。6What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean?AThe translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough.BOnly Danish speakers know what “hygge” means.C“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel.DWe can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it.D考查句意理解。根据第三段可知，“hygge”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professor Maren Spark”的观点“hygge不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。7Which of the following can be best described as a“ hygge” activity?ASkiing in the cold winter months.BLiving through long dark winters.CTaking afternoon tea with friends.DWalking alone in the forest.C考查推理判断。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Taking afternoon tea”符合“creating a warm，cosy atmosphere”，“friends”对应“your loved ones”。故选C项。8The author writes this passage to .Aexplain BpersuadeCcomment DadvertiseA考查写作目的。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。C(2018福州市四校联考)The idea that you can use humor，laughter，and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true.However，it is really true and simple.The sense of humor，laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.Treat the blues with a sense of humor，which is closely tied to laughter.Laughter is infectious.Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people，it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you，and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile，even with a stranger.Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy.We are often encouraged to make sure our children play，and are told of the benefits of being out playing.However，what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as its for children.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.While the studies are still in the early stages，the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的)falling.Anyway， adding humor，laughter，and play to our life will influence us mentally，physically and socially and bring us many advantages.So we should make full use of humor，laughter and play to make our life more active，more interesting and happier.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。9What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?APlaying an important role.BKeeping people in high spirits.CQuickly influencing other people.DPreventing illness from spreading.C考查词义猜测。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people，it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。10What can laughter increase according to the author?ACognitive ability.BGood relationships.CA sense of humor.DHappiness and trust.B考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people，it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile，even with a stranger”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。11What does the author think the old should do?AThey should have a good rest.BThey should play like children.CThey should prevent cognitive falling.DThey should take part in physical play.D考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However，what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as its for children.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。12Which of the following would be the best title for the text?AHumor，Laughter and Play for HealthBAlways Keep Our Body HealthyCHave an Active and Happy LifeDLet Our Body and Mind RelaxA考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Anyway，adding humor，laughter，and play to our life will influence us mentally，physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor，laughter and play to make our life more active，more interesting and happier”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。5