资源描述
专题02 代词高考对代词的考查主要涉及在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力，以及对不定代词和替代词的考查。命题主要出现在单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错等题型中，侧重于在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别。其考点主要包括：1考查替代词的用法。常考的替代词有one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it等。2考查不定代词的用法。常考的不定代词有any，some，all，none，other，another, every, nothing等。3考查反身代词的用法。常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。4考查it的用法。it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法； it的实指用法； it的虚指用法，如：can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法1both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。二：some和any的用法1表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：If you have any questions, please ask me.2在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：Would you like some coffee?3some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：I remember having read this article in some magazine.Here are three novels.You may read any.三：复合不定代词的用法由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。1some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks shes something since she won the prize.获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。2any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：Does anybody else want to go?There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.You can take anything you like.3no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：I know nothing about it.There is nobody here.4every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.She does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。四：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别the other/otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the othersHe is willing to help others/other people.Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.We need another five chairs/five more chairs.五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别none既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句How much money do you have?None.no one/nobody只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数Who is in the room?Nobody./No one.nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句What are you doing now?Nothing.考点六：替代词的用法和区别it替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物Have you found your pen?No, I havent found it.one/onesone用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词。其复数形式为onesI think this book is better than the one I read last time.These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.that/thosethat用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesThe weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.考点七：it的用法1it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：It is getting warmer and warmer.It was already ten oclock when he arrived home.Its ten minutes walk from here to our school.Its very quiet at the moment.2it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：Its important for us to learn a second language.We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.3熟记下列有关it的固定句型make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it考点一 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析例1Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.AothersBeitherCanother Dboth解析：选D句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not . both，故选D。【变式探究】Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.Aeither BanyCeach Danother【变式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.Asome BneitherCnone Dall解析：选C句意：虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病，但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知，此处表示“一点儿也不，一点儿也没有”，所以应用none。考点二 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析例2 Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.Aanother Bthe otherCone another Done解析：选A句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。【变式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.Athat BoneCones Dthose解析：选A句意：使黛拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面的of her colleagues与前面的of her students是同样的结构，因此此空应该选择that来替代the trust，以避免重复。考点三 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析例3 The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.Aone BthisCthat Dit解析：选C句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。【变式探究】At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.Athem BtheseCthose Dones解析：选C句意：我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指，替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine，故不能用表泛指的ones，若选ones，则应在其前加上the。【变式探究】Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.Athese BsomeCones Dthose解析：选D句意：来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。考点四 复合不定代词的辨析例4 _ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.AAnybodyBEverybodyCNobody DSomebody解析：选C句意：没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。根据句意可知，空处应用Nobody。【变式探究】 This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything1(2016新课标，68)On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it)mother.答案its解析 句意：在我最近的一次参观中，可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。由后面的mother可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。2(2016四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed _(it)mother for food.答案 its解析 句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。3(2016浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.答案that解析 句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system，所以用that。1.(2015浙江，12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?解析句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达how would you like it if.，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。答案it2.(2015重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.解析句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody没有人，符合句意。答案nobody3.(2015陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .答案other4.(2015四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.解析句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。答案none5.(2015天津，2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.解析句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality of education要用that，为了避免重复，可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。答案that6.(2015福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.解析句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。答案neither1. （2014安徽卷）24You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone【考点】考察代词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】本题查看的是代词的词义辨析。One某一个人/物（指代可数名词单数，表示泛指）；no one=nobody没有人；everyone每个人（强调全体）；someone某个人。句义：你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。根据句义可知本句中的everyone强调所有人都愿意帮助你。故C正确。2.（2014江苏卷）34. Good families are much to all their members, but to none.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing【考点】考察代词词义辨析【答案】C3.（2014山东卷）4. Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 【考点】考察it用法【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是it用法中,it作为形式宾语的用法。本句中的it是一个形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句that she wished to make a new life for herself.句义：Susan向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英语中能够作为形式宾语的只有it。故C正确。 4. （2014四川卷）1. Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.A. both B. neither C. none D. either【考点】考察代词词义辨析【答案】B【解析】both表示“两者都”（作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，也可以用作同位语）；neither通常辨析两者之间的全部否定（相当于not either）；none通常三者及以上的全部否定（有特定范围限制）；either表示两者之一。句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特都生活过，但她都不喜欢这两个地方，于是她搬去了剑桥。根据句义可知本句表示两者的全部否定。故B正确。5. （2014浙江卷 ）3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one【考点】考察代词辨析【答案】B【解析】本题四的选项中each表示三者或者三者以上中的任意一个； it指上文提及的同一事物；this指代上文说过事物；one指代可数名词单数，表示泛指。本句中的it指代last year。句意：去年平均降雨18.75厘米，让去年成为自从1850年加利福尼亚成为一个州以来最干燥的一年。故B正确。6. （2014重庆卷 ）1.A smile costs _ ,but gives much.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything【考点】考察代词辨析【答案】C - 10 -
展开阅读全文