2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题33（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The doctors dont（ ）that the patient will live much longer.问题1选项A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项monitor“监视”；B选项manifest“表明”；C选项articulate“清晰地表达”；D选项anticipate“预计”。句意：医生们预计那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示预计病人的存活时间，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Bob is so（ ）to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed or his shoes shined.问题1选项A.hardyB.intenseC.indifferentD.bewildered【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项hardy“坚强的”；B选项intense“强烈的”；C选项indifferent“不关心的”；D选项bewildered“困惑的”。句意：鲍勃对自己的外表漠不关心，他从不熨衣服或擦鞋。本句表示对外表不在意、漠不关心。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题My grandfather had always taken a（ ）interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.问题1选项A.splendidB.weightyC.vagueD.keen【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题There used to be a petrol station near the park,（ ）?问题1选项A.didnt itB.doesnt thereC.usednt itD.didnt there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：过去在公园附近有个加油站，是吗？used to意为“过去常常”，当陈述句谓语部分含有used to时，反义疑问句常由usednt或didnt构成，如果陈述句是There used to be句型，反义疑问句由usednt / didnt there构成，因此D选项正确。5. 翻译题诸位毕业同学，你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。这一句话是“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。有人说：“出去做事之后，生活急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。【答案】Dear Students of the Graduating Class: As you are leaving your Alma Mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice. My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return; and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.Somepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you willcomeupagainsttheurgent problemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as you set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.6. 单选题Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by（ ）.3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found（ ）.4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?5.Some scientists believe that（ ）.问题1选项A.They think they are insane.B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.问题2选项A.using home-made electrical goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copying TV programs on a computer问题3选项A.near a pound with a water pumpB.close to a slow-flowing riverC.high in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler问题4选项A.Ionisers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fansD.Vacuum pumps.问题5选项A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trustedC.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD.earthquake【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“exceeding positive ionization”可以定位到第二段第一句When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance.（当空气中存在大量的正离子时，许多人会产生头痛、疲劳、易怒等不良反应，一些特别敏感的人会感到恶心甚至精神障碍。），说明大量正离子会导致一些人容易脾气暴躁。因此B选项“他们觉得自己脾气相当不好，很暴躁”正确。A选项“他们认为自己疯了”，C选项“他们会变得非常虚弱”，D选项“他们太累了，什么也做不了”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“static electricity”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets duplicators or computer display screens.（也可能是由于室内地毯、人造纤维衣服、电视机、复印机、电脑屏幕产生的静电积聚造成的。），说明能够引起静电的有地毯、衣物等人造纤维、电视、复印机和电脑等。因此C选项“在人造地板覆盖物上行走”正确。A选项“使用自制的电器产品”，B选项“穿天然材料的衣服”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“在电脑上录制电视节目”虽然有电视和电脑，但并不属于能够从原文推断的范围，所以D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“negative ion”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray.（相反，当大量的负离子出现时，那么人们就会有一种幸福感。产生这些大量负离子的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或喷泉，或在任何有水喷出，或形成水花的地方。），说明大量负离子的产生条件是水喷溅形成水花。因此D选项“旋转式喷水器”正确。A选项“在有水泵的地方附近”，B选项“靠近缓流河流的地方”，C选项“在一些荒山上”均不是能产生喷溅水花的地点，所以A，B，C错误。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“machine”可以定位到文章第四段第一句To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions.（为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器：一种小型便携式设备，可以产生负离子。），说明离子发生器可以产生负离子。因此A选项“离子发生器”正确。B选项“空调”，C选项“排气扇”，D选项“真空泵”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.（毕竟依靠地震读数来预测地震是否比观察猫更有效，还有待商榷。），说明有些科学家认为通过地震仪来预测地震不一定有效，可能还不如观察动物。因此A选项“观察动物预测地震比依靠地震仪更有效”正确。B选项“动物的异常行为不可信”，C选项“观察和使用地震仪都不可靠”，D选项“地震”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。7. 单选题Nancys gone to work but her cars still there, she（ ）by bus.问题1选项A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词的用法。A选项must have gone表示肯定的猜测，“她一定是坐公交车去的”；B选项should have gone和C选项ought to have gone表示本来应该，“她本应该坐公交车去的”；D选项could have gone表示本来可以，“她本可以坐公交车去的”。句意：南希去上班了，但她的车还在那儿，她一定是坐公交车去的。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on Patriots Day, the third Monday of April. Begun in 1897 and inspired by the success of the first modern-day marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics, the Boston Marathon is the worlds oldest annual marathon and ranks as one of the worlds most well-known road racing events. The marathon is one of five members of the World Marathon Majors.The event attracts an average of about 20,000 registered participants each year. In the 100th running of the Boston Marathon in 1996, the number of participants reached 38,000. While there are cash prizes awarded to the winners of the marathon, most of the runners participate for the accomplishment of having run the race at all.The Boston Marathon was originally a local event, but its fame and status have attracted runners from all over the world. For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was a free event, and the only prize awarded for winning the race was a wreath woven from olive branches. However, corporate-sponsored cash prizes began to be awarded in the 1980s, when professional athletes began to refuse to run the race without cash awards. The first cash prize for winning the marathon was awarded in 1986.Women were not allowed to enter the Boston Marathon officially until 1972. Roberta (Bobbi) Gibb is recognized as the first woman to run the entire Boston Marathon (in 1966). In 1967, Kathrine Switzer, who had registered as “K. V. Switzer”, was the first woman to run with a race number. She finished, despite a celebrated incident in which race official Jock Semple tried to rip off her numbers and eject her from the race. In 1996 the B.A.A retroactively recognized as champions the unofficial womens leaders of 1966 through 1971.In recent years, critics have pointed to the dominance of foreign-born athletes in the event (especially runners from Kenya) to back their arguments that American professional running is lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of producing quality athletes. However, foreign dominance of the race is nothing new. Between 1946 and 1967 only one American (John J. Kelley in 1957) won the marathon in an era when Finland and Japan were the distance powerhouses.The Boston Marathon is open to all runners, male and female, from any nation, but they must meet certain qualifying standards. To qualify, a runner must first complete a standard marathon course certified by a national governing body affiliated with the International Association of Athletics Federations within a certain period of time before the date of the desired Boston Marathon (usually within approximately 18 months prior). Prospective runners in the age range of 18-34 must run a time of no more than 3:10:59 (3 hours and 10 minutes) if male, or 3:40:59 (3 hours and 40 minutes) if female; the qualifying time is adjusted upward as age increases. For example, a 40-44 year old male can still qualify with a time of 3:20:59. An exception to the qualification requirement is awarded to 1,250 runners who raise a pre-determined level of sponsorship for officially designated local charities.Besides the Olympic trials and the Olympic marathons, Boston is the only major American marathon that requires a qualifying time. Thus for many marathoners to qualify for Boston (to “BQ”) is a goal and achievement in itself, making it a “peoples Olympic event”.1.The first marathon competition began（ ）.2.Most of marathoners take part in the race to（ ）.3.The original prize awarded for winning the marathon in 1800s was（ ）.4.Why do people criticize that America cant train better professional runners than some other countries?5.Who can participate in the Boston Marathon without a qualifying time?问题1选项A.in Boston, MassachusettsB.on Patriots Day, 1897C.in 1896 Summer OlympicsD.a hundred years ago问题2选项A.achieve successB.win cash prizesC.attract audienceD.win an olive-branch-woven wreath问题3选项A.money sponsored by companiesB.a professional statusC.a floral circle made from olive treesD.brave fame问题4选项A.Because most winners of the race come from foreign countries.B.Because Finland and Japan were the strong teams with quality athletes.C.Because American professional running is far behind.D.Because only one American won the race between 1946 and 1967.问题5选项A.Male runners.B.Female runners.C.Charity raisers.D.Amateur runners.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“first marathon competition”可以定位到第一段第二句inspired by the success of the first modern-day marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics（受到1896年夏季奥运会第一个现代马拉松比赛成功的启发），说明第一次马拉松比赛在1896年的夏季奥运会上。因此C选项“在1896年夏季奥运会上”正确。A选项“在马萨诸塞州的波士顿”，B选项“1897年爱国者日”，D选项“一百年前”说的是波士顿马拉松比赛的情况，所以A，B，D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Most of marathoners”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句most of the runners participate for the accomplishment of having run the race at all（大多数选手都是为了参加比赛的成就感而参加的），说明大多数选手参赛的理由是为了获得成就感。因此A选项“获得成功”正确。B选项“赢得现金奖励”，C选项“吸引观众”，D选项“赢得一个橄榄枝编织的花环”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“original prize”可以定位到文章第三段第二句For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was a free event, and the only prize awarded for winning the race was a wreath woven from olive branches.（在历史上的大部分时间里，波士顿马拉松都是免费的活动，而赢得比赛的唯一奖品是一个用橄榄枝编织的花环。），说明最初比赛的奖品是橄榄枝花环。因此C选项“用橄榄枝编织的花环”正确。A选项“公司赞助的钱”，B选项“职业地位”，D选项“勇敢的名声”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句In recent years, critics have pointed to the dominance of foreign-born athletes in the event (especially runners from Kenya) to back their arguments that American professional running is lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of producing quality athletes.（近年来，批评人士指出在这项赛事中外国出生的运动员，尤其是来自肯尼亚的运动员占主导地位，以支持他们的观点，即美国职业长跑在培养高质量运动员方面落后于世界其他地区。），说明批评美国没有好的职业长跑运动员的原因是外国的运动员经常在这项比赛上获胜。因此A选项“因为这项比赛的大多数冠军都来自外国”正确。B选项“因为芬兰和日本是拥有优质运动员的强队”，D选项“因为在1946年至1967年期间，只有一个美国人赢得了比赛”都是美国长跑运动员落后于其他地区的表现之一，不能完整概括批评美国的原因，所以B，D错误。C选项“因为美国的职业长跑远远落后于其他国家”，原文说的是在培养高质量运动员方面落后于其他国家，而不是整体远远落后于其他国家，所以C错误。5.客观细节题。由题干关键词“qualifying time”可以定位到第六段，第六段最后一句说到An exception to the qualification requirement is awarded to 1,250 runners who raise a pre-determined level of sponsorship for officially designated local charities.（1,250名为官方指定的本地慈善机构筹得预先设定赞助金额的运动员可免除资格要求。），说明为慈善机构筹款的运动员可以免除参赛资格要求。因此C选项“慈善募捐者”正确。A选项“男运动员”，B选项“女运动员”，D选项“业余运动员”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。9. 单选题In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid（ ）.问题1选项A.from being beatenB.being beatenC.beatingD.to be beaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。句意：在国际比赛中，声望是如此重要，唯一重要的就是避免被击败。avoid后面接动名词，avoid doing，避免做某事，排除A，D；被击败应该是被动语态，beating是动名词的主动式，排除C。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题（ ）he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.问题1选项A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然他周末很想和朋友们出去，但他不得不留下来完成作业。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，much as表示尽管很，因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Do you know Tims brother? He is（ ）than Tim.问题1选项A.much more sportsmanB.more of a sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman【答案】B【解析】考查名词的程度比较。对于一些可显示程度的名词，把带of的数量词放在其前面可以表示程度的修饰，且这种结构只能与单数可数名词连用，名词前要加不定冠词。more of a sportsman than Tim表示他比蒂姆更爱好运动，因此B选项正确。12. 单选题We have taken all the（ ）we can against the painting being stolen.问题1选项A.precautionsB.admissionsC.concessionsD.transactions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precautions“预防措施”；B选项admissions“许可”；C选项concessions“让步”；D选项transactions“交易”。句意：我们已采取了一切可能的预防措施以防那幅画被盗。本句表示采取预防措施。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题Nine is to three（ ）three is to one.问题1选项A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】考查方式状语从句。A is to B what C is to D是固定句式，意思是“A对于B来说就等于C对于D一样”，what在句中引导方式状语从句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D选项正确。14. 单选题In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated. As recently as 1910, this was the prevailing condition in the United States. If he came from a nonliterate background, the recent immigrant learned to speak, move, and think like an American by using his eyes and ears on the labor line and in the homes of more acculturated cousins, by watching school children, or by absorbing the standards of the teacher, the foreman, the clerk who served him in the store. For the literate and the literate children of the nouliterate, there was artthe story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town, of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first. And at a simpler level, there were the Western and Hollywood fairy tales which pointed a moral but did not, as a rule, teach table manners.With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression daysa necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle class writers who knew nothing about proletarians, and middleclass readers who needed the shock of verisimilitudea new era in American life was ushered in, the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale, but instead were presented with models drawn from life with minimal but crucial distortions. Doctored life histories, posed carelessness, “candid” shots of people in their own homes which took hours to arrange, pictures shot from real life to scripts written months before supplemented by national polls and surveys which assured the reader that this bobby soxer did indeed represent a national norm or a growing trendreplaced the older models.1.This article is based on the idea that（ ）.2.Stories of the second generation battling against the limitations of the first were often responsible for（ ）.3.The countermovement against Hollywood was a movement（ ）.4.The author attributes the change in attitudes since 1910 to（ ）.5.The word “distortions” at the end of the 1st sentence in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.people today no longer follow modelsB.people attach little importance to whoever they followC.people generally pattern their lives after modelsD.people no longer respect heroes问题2选项A.inspiring literate immigr