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初中英语精典专题系列一、导入村长：“本村计划-生育工作的难度一直很大。”记者：“为什么？”村长：“两年前村子旁边修了铁路，每天早上五点火车准时经过，汽笛一响，全村的人就都醒了。这个钟点，你说起来吧，太早；你说接着睡吧，时间又太短”二、知识点回顾被动语态：一般现在时 构成： 一般过去时 构成： 现在进行时 构成： 过去进行时 构成： 一般将来时 构成： 过去将来时 构成： 现在完成时 构成： 过去完成时 构成： 三、专题讲解（一）概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分（二）非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.（三）非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.（四）动词不定式（The Infinitive）1. 动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done2. 动词不定式的句法作用法：动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。. 动词不定式作主语： To teach English is my favorite. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 Its necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 . 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.等。 What I wish is to learn English well. 练习：1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do. 动词不定式作宾语补语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系) 。 Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 练习：1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with himA: advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wish want warn remind promise permit persuade request + sb. to doB: see watch look at hear listen to feel notice + sb. + do doing doneC: make let have + sb. + doD: seen watched looked atsb. be + heard + to do listened to feltnoticedDidyounoticeanyone (come)in? Iwouldhavehim (wait)formeforalongtime. 注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如： He is often heard _to sing_ the songHewasseen_to enter_theroom. . 动词不定式作表语 ： What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务。 . 动词不定式作定语： I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with. 不定式作状语： We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。 （五）动 名 词动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语： Talking like that is not polite. （注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。 Its no use waiting here, lets go home. 2) 动名词作表语 Seeing is believing. 3） 动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house. 4）动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. （动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词 He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。 动名词的被动形式 ： （当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）His being looked down upon made him sick. 四、巩固练习：(A) 用括号中的动词适当形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You cant make him _ (do) what you want.4.I dont know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upstairs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11.If he doesnt know, how _ (use) the recorder, youd better _ (show) him.12.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day.13.Its bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating2. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home五、拓展训练。六、反思总结。附件：当堂过手训练 1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A.not to look B. to not look C. dont look D. not look 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with4
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