2022研究生入学-英语一考试全真模拟卷40（附答案带详解）

2022研究生入学-英语一考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题：Directions: Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)答案： 本题解析：Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter in order to invite you to attend the forthcoming graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be hosted in the auditorium on our campus, at 10 oclock in the morning on next Monday, January 15. It is better for you to dress formal. Please let us know your decision whether to attend our ceremony as soon as possible so that we could send you further details about it. And here we sincerely hope you could accept this invitation and bring the graduates a wonderful memory that day.If you are available, it will be highly appreciated if you could give us an earliest favorable reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming本文主要考察信件格式以及规范礼貌用语。依据要求，作文首句可以交代来信的主要目的，即邀请参加毕业典礼。第二段要交代清楚毕业典礼的时间地点，再增添一些礼貌用语委婉表达欢迎和期盼即可。最后一段再次礼貌地提出邀请。2. 问答题：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)AThe first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickenss eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.BThe runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickenss fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.CSoon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymours pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.DCharles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moalist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.ESoon after his fathers release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporters eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.F Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on Englands southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy pay officea respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens birth, his mothers father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The familys increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warrens Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his fathers imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.G After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphans progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D41424344B45答案： 本题解析：E选项的末尾提到submitted short sketches to obscure magazines，可知狄更斯向杂志社提交short sketches（小品剧），A选项中The first published sketch是对提交的小品剧的进一步描述，构成了总分逻辑关系。因此确定正确答案为A选项。3. 问答题：To protect his new invention,he took out a patent（ ）it.on答案： 本题解析：take out a patent on sth.取得一项的专利。另外hold a patent on对拥有专项权利。句意：为了保护他的发明，他申请了专利。4. 问答题：True patriotism consists（ ）putting the interests of one country above everything,including ones life.in答案： 本题解析：consist in“在于，存在于”；consist of“由组成”5. 问答题：Zoe,your current colleagues,is leaving for a new position at a different company.Write a letter to congratulate her on the new job.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name.Use“Li ming”instead Do not write your address.（10 points）答案： 本题解析：Dear Zoe I was thrilled to hear about your new job in the ABC Company.I know its been a long search to find the right position,but it seems this is going to be a good match for your skills and experience.Im sad to see you go and certainly will miss our Monday moming tea breaks.However,I feel certain that youre making the right choice by accepting this position.This is such a wonderful opportunity for you and Im sure youll do a fantastic job over there Best luck for your days in the new position.Reegards,Li Ming6. 问答题：Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between tem, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. 1. _. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension but they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. 2. _.Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relationship of the text to the world. 3. _.Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. 4. _. This does not, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the pageincluding for texts that engage with fundamental human concernsdebates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. 5. _. Such dimensions of reading suggestas others introduced later in the book will also dothat we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It does not then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.A Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.B Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.C If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.D In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.E You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validityinferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.F In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the authors own thoughts.G Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organizations or patterning we perceive in a texts formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.答案： 本题解析：空格在段中，需要查看上下文。最后一段首句主语是we，所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we，但是G中首个单词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑相矛盾，故排除G。A段具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的以及阅读方式，是对该空上文“How we read a given text”以及“our particular interest in reading it”的细化。而且A段的信息也成为空格后一句“such dimensions of reading（这些阅读的维度）”的指代对象。因此A段符合上下文文意。7. 问答题：Paul strongly denied that he was guilty（ ）cheating innocent customers.for答案： 本题解析：be guilty of犯有罪；be guilty for因而内疚8. 问答题：Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) _The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st centurys culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42) _ I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goodspaintings, sculpture and architectureand superfluous experiencesmusic, literature, religion and philosophy. (43) _For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) _Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. (45) _What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness”creations and experiences to which others adhere.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.B Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploadingbetween passive consumption and active creationwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.E The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the worlds media culture has been defined by a single mediumtelevisionand television is defined by downloading.GThe networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.答案： 本题解析：41. C通过略读第一段可知该篇文章主要讲述科技给人们生活带来的便利，重点是对媒介的论述，其中提到了“create a fabulous machine”，浏览七个选项，C项中“develop such a device”刚好与此衔接，并与下段中an amazing machine相对应，因此本题选C。42. D此空位于段落中间，因此需在空前和空后找关联词，空前和空后分别提到特征词“reason”和“war”，浏览七个选项，D项中because和war恰好与此相对，因此为正确答案。43. A此题空位于段末，因此要在空前及下段段首找关联词，该空之前提到“superfluous material goods”，而下段句首提到“download”；浏览七个选项，A项中出现了“these superfluous things”，和downloading，因此可以确定正确答案为A项。44. F该空位于句末，因此在该空之前和下段句首需找关联词，该空之前出现关联词a pyramid of production，而下段段首提到television，通过浏览七个选项，可以发现与此关联的有E、F两项，再进行分析，可知E项只有television一词与空后相对应，而F项不仅出现了television，而且还有this pyramid of production这一特征词，因此正确答案为F项。45. G此空之前指出电视单方面向观众灌输信息（one-way tap flowing），下文则是对meaningful uploading的介绍，G项提到“网络计算机有可能改变这种一味被动接受信息的状况，鼓励人们在有选择的下载，和进行有意义的上传活动”，其中reverse the flow与前文的one-way tap flowing相对应，而meaningful uploading又与下段相对照，因此G项为正确答案。9. 问答题：Prof.White,my respected tutor,frequently reminds me to avail myself（ ）every chance to improve my English.of答案： 本题解析：avail oneself of sth.“使用某事物，利用某事物”，为固定搭配。如：You must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English.你要利用一切机会说英语。10. 问答题：Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigrationone of the great folk wanderings of historyswept from Europe to America. 1. This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.2. The United States is the product of two principal forcesthe immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 3. But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.4. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 5. The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.答案： 本题解析：在各种各样强烈的动机驱动下，这次移民活动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，以其本质塑造了一片未知大陆的性格和命运。结构分析：本句主体上是个简单句，主语是this movement，并列谓语分别是built和shaped。句中包含两个插入语成分，其中driven by powerful and diverse motivations修饰this movement，可将其翻译为状语成分“在下”；第二个插入语成分by its nature，意思是“其本质”，修饰第二个谓语成分，可直接翻译为“以其本质”。内容要点分析：形容词powerful与diverse共同修饰名词motivations，可按照汉语习惯将其语序调整为“各种各样强烈的”，uncharted意思是“未知的，不熟悉的”，根据上下文，翻译为“未知的”更为贴切。