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妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。1主动语态变被动语态We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2写作中常见的被动语态(1)be过去分词(be可使用各种时态)The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.(2017全国卷书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014江苏高考书面表达)当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。(2)情态动词be过去分词To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。(3)get过去分词The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.(2014北京高考满分作文)通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。Im feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.(2014北京高考满分作文)我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。即时演练句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)1Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.2It is true that many things determine our future.It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.3The boss made him work all day long.He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.4I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.二、委婉动听的虚拟语气虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中，不常需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点的客观性。1陈述语气变虚拟语气I didnt take his advice, so I failed in the exam. If I had taken his advice, I wouldnt have failed in the exam.Its time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.Its time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals.2写作中常见的虚拟语气(1)if型虚拟语气，“如果，就”Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.(2014安徽高考满分作文)第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。(2)wish型虚拟语气，“希望”Besides, I wish there wouldnt be too many students in a class.(2014全国卷书面表达)另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。(3)as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像”Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中，仿佛刚刚发生似的。(4)if only型虚拟语气，“要是就好了；但愿”If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015重庆高考写作)要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。(5)Its (high/about) time (that) .型虚拟语气，“是的时候了”It is high time that both children and parents took/should take actions to make some changes.(2013福建高考满分作文)确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出一些改变的时候了。(6)(should) do型虚拟语气，“应该”To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015四川高考满分作文)为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人一起练习。(7)without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气，“没有，要不是”Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项任务。即时演练 用虚拟语气补全句子1看我现在所处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!2如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。If_she_had_been_here_five_minutes_earlier/Had_she_been_here_five_minutes_earlier,_she would have seen her old friend.3建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more fruit and vegetables.4如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。If you had_taken my advice then, you wouldnt be in trouble now.5是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。Its high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard.三、不比不知道的倍数和比较句型表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确性，提升文章的档次。1倍数as形容词/副词原级(名词)asAfter the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year.引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。2the比较级 .，the比较级 .“越，就越”The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.(2015广东高考满分作文)老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。3比较级thanany (other)名词单数 .“比任何其他的都”Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class.迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。4prefer . to .“喜欢胜过”As for “wild release” and “controlled release”， I prefer the latter one to the former one.(2015重庆高考满分作文)对于自由分享和定向分享，我喜欢后者胜过前者。5be senior/junior to “比年长/年龄小；(地位或级别等)比高/低”Mr. Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company.刘先生比我大三岁，在公司里级别也比我高。即时演练用倍数和比较句型补全句子1我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的四倍大。Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be.2中国比亚洲的任何一个其他的国家都大，也比非洲的任何一个国家都大。China is larger_than_any_other country in Asia and also larger than any country in Africa.3你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。The_harder you work, the_greater_progress you will make.- 5 -
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