2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题51（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The public is very （ ）about the governments plans for a tax cut.问题1选项A.susceptibleB.dubiousC.suspiciousD.deliberate【答案】B【解析】意: 公众不太相信政府的减税计划。形容词辨析。Susceptible易受影响的; dubious可疑的， 怀疑的,后接about; suspicious 可疑的， 多疑的, 后接of; deliberate故意的。因此无论从句意还是从搭配上, B项正确。2. 单选题Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a “new” feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary: Encyclopedic Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LDOCE plus cultural information.The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural” as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension.In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.1.What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?2.The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice because （ ）.3.The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that（ ）.4.It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought should be given to（ ）.5.What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.The combination of two dictionaries into one.B.The new approach to defining words.C.The inclusion of cultural content.D.The increase in the number of entries.问题2选项A.its scope of cultural entries goes beyond the culture of the English-speaking worldB.it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countriesC.it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking peopleD.it fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries问题3选项A.it has a wider selection of encyclopedic entriesB.it is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listenersC.it lays more emphasis on language than on cultureD.it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills问题4选项A.the language levels of its usersB.the number of its prospective purchasersC.the different tastes of its usersD.the various cultural backgrounds of its users问题5选项A.Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.B.A comparison of peoples opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.C.The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.D.The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段可知三本词典都有不同于以往的特点，即都增添了文化方而的内容。故选C。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world (因此，牛津词典比朗文同典更经得起对文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是以英语国家的视角來评判其他国家的文化现象)。因此, 可以看出朗文字典只是从英语国家的文化观点去审视其他国 家的文化。故选C。3.细节事实题。第三段第六句指出：The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension (他们认为的目标使用者是经常收听国际广播的听众，而他们通常具有一定的英语水平和较强的听力理解能力), 因此选B “主要目的在于满足广播听众的需要”。4.判断推理题。由文章最后一段可知，这三本字典会有各种各样的读者购 买，这些读者的社会文化背景也会是各种各样的，他们中一定有些人生活在世界观与之相反甚至敌视的文化背景下。这些高级学习者不仅可以根据这本字典是否合用来评价它，而 且对各种社会文化词条的内容和准确性都有自己的看法，也就是说字典的编纂者要考虑到 这些。故选D “用户的不同文化背景”。5.主旨大意题。文章指出英国BBC广播公司字典、朗文当代高级词典、牛津高阶英语词典三大词典都有新版本面市，都有不同于以往的特点，即都增添了文化方而的内容。但是三本字典的侧重方面不同，用户群体不一样，各自增加新内容的角度与方式也不相同。故A “新出版的三本英语字典处理社 会文化内容的不同的方法”比较能概括文章主旨。3. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th （ ）the birth ofJesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】句意: 圣诞节是基督教祌圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。短语辨析。in accordance with 依照, 与一致; in terms of 就而言, 根据；in favor of 赞成; in honor of向 表示敬意, 为庆祝。故D符合句意。4. 单选题The electric fan does not work because of the （ ）of service.问题1选项A.pauseB.breakC.interruptionD.breakdown【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇; break停顿，间歇; interruption中止，中断; breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知the of service这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。5. 单选题We think （ ）possible for him to achieve his target in so many years.问题1选项A.itB.thatC.whatD.this【答案】A【解析】句意: 我们认为在这么多年里达成目标，于他而言是可能的。语法题。考查形式宾语。不定式to achieve his target in so many years为真正的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。当不定式作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移 至句末。故A正确。6. 单选题It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gust off was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. Ill never forget the screams, says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave-and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.”The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gust off was probably unavoidable-and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second WorldWar, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that theyve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.1.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gust off was the worst tragedy in maritime history?2.Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when （ ）.3.The Wilhelm Gust off tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century because Germans（ ）.4.How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gust off tragedy?5.It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think tha（ ）.问题1选项A.It was attacked by Russian torpedoesB.It caused the largest number of causalitiesC.Most of its passengers were frozen to deathD.Its victims were mostly women and children问题2选项A.the badly damaged ship leaned toward one sideB.a strong ice storm tilted the shipC.the cruise ship sank all of a suddenD.the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats问题3选项A.were eager to win international acceptanceB.had been pressured to keep silent about itC.were afraid of offending their neighborsD.felt guilty for their crimes in World War II问题4选项A.By describing the ships sinking in great detailB.By giving an interview to the weekly Die WocheC.By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attackD.By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman问题5选项A.the Wilhelm Gust off tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nations past misdeedsB.Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IIC.they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gust off War IID.it is wrong to equate their suffering with those of other countries【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问为什么威廉古斯特洛夫号的沉没被认为是航海史上最大的惨剧。根据题干关键词worst tragedy in maritime history定位至第一段:it was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic(这是航海史上最大的惨剧,它的死亡人数为泰坦尼克号沉没时的死亡人数的六倍)。故选B“造成的死亡人数最多”。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down (一场冰暴把甲板冻成了冰盖，船倾斜并开始下沉时，数百个家庭掉入大海)。因此选A “严重破损的船倾向一边”。3.判断推理题。第三段表明了原文: Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant (我们德国人负主要责任), 由此看出德国人是内疚的,故选D “为自己二战中的罪行感到内疚”。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe.(并不是把他作品的重点放在船的沉没细节中，而是从侧而描述了一个年轻孕妇如何在这个灾难中生存下来),故选D。5.判断推理题。文中倒数第二句指出:Germans believe that theyre now earned right to discuss the full historical record(德国人认为他们现在有权讨论完整的历史记录), 由此可知, 德国人并没有认为逃脱责任,题干问的是德国人不再认为？排除A“威廉古斯特的悲剧是为国家过去的错误行为付出的合理代价”和B “德国对其在第二次世界大战中犯下的可怕罪行负责”, D项文中并未提及,C指出如果德国人谈到威廉古斯特洛夫号的沉没时,他们不再被人们误解,因为他们现在有权利来正对历史了。C正确。7. 单选题（ ） for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be subjected to irreversible damage.问题1选项A.Oxygen once deprived ofB.Once deprived of oxygenC.Deprived of oxygen onceD.Once oxygen deprived of【答案】B【解析】句意: 一旦缺氧超过5到7分钟，大脑就会受到不可逆的损害。语法题。考查动词过去分词。句子前半部分为Once引导的时间状语从句，Once需放在句首，故排除选项A和C;分句的逻辑主语应为the brain, 主语与从句动词构成被动关系, 所以应该用deprived of oxygen。故选B。8. 单选题The purpose of a （ ）is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry from foreign competition.问题1选项A.taxB.tariffC.feeD.toll【答案】B【解析】句意: 征收关税的目的在于削减进口，从而保护国内产业免受国际竞争。名词辨析。Tax征税，出租车; tariff关税,收费表; fee费用， 酬金; toll 征税, 代价。根据后半句意推测B项正确。9. 单选题We have （ ）the system of exploitation of man by man.问题1选项A.canceledB.abolishedC.refusedD.rejected【答案】B【解析】句意: 我们己经废除了人剥削人的制度。动词辨析。Cancel取消，删除; abolish废除（一种制度，形式）; refuse拒绝； reject抵制，排斥.。 因此B符合句意。10. 单选题Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment （ ）.问题1选项A.which they are happeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened【答案】B【解析】句意: 电视使我们能够看到事情发生的那一瞬间。语法题。考查名词性从句。moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句，井且根据关键词at the exact moment可知此处应该用进行吋态，故选B。11. 单选题Im sorry （ ）so long. I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been.问题1选项A.to keep you waitB.to keep you waitingC.to keep you waitedD.to have kept you waiting【答案】D【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“to have kept you waiting”正确。12. 单选题Salaries for （ ）positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.问题1选项A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporary【答案】D【解析】句意: 做临时性的工作拿到的工资好像比固定工作要高。形容词辨析。Legal法律的，合法的; optional可选择的，随意的; voluntary自愿的; temporary临时的。根据句子已知信息permanent ones (固定工作)推测D符合句意。13. 单选题Poetry is a natural or （ ）overflow of powerful feelings.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.simultaneousC.instantaneousD.homogeneous【答案】A【解析】句意: 诗是自然而然，自发溢出的强烈的情感。形容词辨析。Spontaneous自发的，自然的; simultaneous同吋的，同时发生的; instantaneous瞬间的，即时的; Homogeneous同种的，同质的。因此A符合句意。14. 单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He or she asks the assembled crowd in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”，for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods. For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub basra,” meaning “under the spear”，a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”，a short candle was lit by the auctioneer; and bids could be made while it stayed alight.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by possible buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot” is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order. He may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous.1.Auctioned goods are sold （ ）.2.The end of the bidding is called “knocking down” because（ ）.3.The Romans used to sell（ ）by auction.4.A candle used to bum at auction sales（ ）.5.The auctioneer may decide to sell the out of order because（ ）.问题1选项A.for the highest price offeredB.only at fixed pricesC.at a price less than their true valueD.very cheaply问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks the buyer dowB.the auctioneer knocks the rostrum downC.the goods are knocked down on to the tableD.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer问题3选项A.spoil goodsB.property taken from the enemyC.old worn-out weaponsD.spears问题4选项A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd togetherC.to limit the time when offers could be madeD.to keep the auctioneer warm问题5选项A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyers.B.he know from experience that certain people will want to buy certain items.C.he wants to keep certain people waiting.D.he wants to reduce the number.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段: He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods (他鼓励买者给出更高的价钱， 最后选定出价最高的这位买。由此可知拍卖品以最高价卖出。故选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“knocking down”定位至第一段: This is called “knocking down” the goods. “这就是成交 ”和第五句 For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands (因为当拍卖师用一个锤子敲击他面前的小桌子时，拍卖结束)。因此D项 “因为拍卖师会用一个锤子敲击桌子”正确。3.细节事实题。第二段说明了古罗马人所拍卖物品: The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war (罗马人通常用这种方法出售战利品)。故选A “缴获物品，奖品”。4.细节事实题。第二段指出:a short candle was lit by the auctioneer; and bids could be made while it stayed alight (拍卖师会点燃一根短蜡烛，在蜡烛燃烧的吋候进行拍卖活动)。因此选C “限制拍卖会竞价吋间”。5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Lots定位至第三段: The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order, He may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room (拍卖师不需要从第一个序号开始然后按照顺序来, 在拍卖师会在确定对商品感兴趣的买家到来之后才开始拍卖)。故选B “拍卖师可以依据经验知道某些买家想购买哪些物品”。15. 单选题（ ） for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。语法题。考查there be的非限定性形式。题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即there be的非限定形式在做状语there being形式。而由题干关键词for a long time判断此处应该用现在完成时。16. 单选题Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see “100,000 AD: Living in the deep future”). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCNs “Red List” of threatened species, and you will read: Listed as LeastConcern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognize a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera righ