2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题58（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a（ ）in the economy or a recession.问题1选项A.concessionB.boomC.transmissionD.submission【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。concession “特权”，boom “繁荣”；transmission “传输”；submission “屈服”。句意：很难判断我们将来的经济将会呈现繁荣的景象还是衰退的面貌。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。ingredient “要素，组成部分”，reliance “信赖”；shelter “庇护，避难所”；inclination “倾向，爱好”。句意：多我们来说知识是舒适而必要的归宿在我们年老的时候，如果年轻时不开始，年老的时候它就不会给我们遮阴。选项C符合题意。3. 翻译题1.There was once a harmony town in this country where all life seemed to live in with its surroundings.2.The government has devoted a larger slice of its national budget to agriculture than most other countries.3.If there were only a dozen or so air molecules in my kitchen, it would be likely if I waited a year or so一that at some point the six coldest ones would congregate inside the freezer.4.Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, we will have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own members inclinations without interfering with anyone else.5.Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of thingsfrom subnuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole.Translate the following sentences into Chinese【答案】1. 这个国家曾经有一个和谐的小镇，所有的生命几乎和周围的环境都和谐相处。2. 政府把国家大部分的预算都用于农业，比其他国家都要多。3. 如果我的厨房里只有十几个空气分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某个时刻，六个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。4. 我们不是要建立一个美好但是难于管理的全球村，而是建立一个由独立群体组成的世界，这些群体在不干涉他人的情况下迎合自己的喜好。5. 它的目标是探究出世界的运行机制，寻求可能存在的规律，并且渗透到事物之间的联系中去从构成所有物质的亚核粒子，到生物体，到人类社会群体，甚至整个宇宙。4. 单选题Science is based on experiment，on a willingness to（ ）old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is.问题1选项A.encounterB.convertC.challengeD.formulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。encounter “偶然遇见”；convert “转换”；challenge “挑战”；formulate “规划”。句意：科学是基于实验的，愿意去挑战老教条，以开放的眼光去探求宇宙的本质。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题（ ）a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BarringC.Apart fromD.On account of【答案】B【解析】介词词义解析。except “除了”；barring “倘若”；apart from “除以外”；on account of “由于”。题中a delay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is_（ ）_.问题1选项A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming “势不可挡的”；appalling “令人震惊的”；dominant “主导的”；appealing “吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases （1） the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant （2） of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a （3） bill that will propose making payments to witnesses （4） and will strictly control the amount of （5）that can be given to a case （6） a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he （7 ） with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not （8） sufficient control. （9） of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a （10）of media protest when he said the（11）of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges （12） to parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which （ 13） the European convention on Human Rights legally （14） in Britain, laid down that everybody was （15 ） to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands （ 16） our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an （17 ） after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were （18） to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised. （19 ） witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to （20 ）guilty verdicts.问题1选项A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such as问题2选项A.tighteningB.intensifyingC.focusingD.fastening问题3选项A.sketchB.roughC.preliminaryD.draft问题4选项A.illogicalB.illegalC.improbableD.improper问题5选项A.publicityB.penaltyC.popularityD.peculiarity问题6选项A.sinceB.ifC.beforeD.as问题7选项A.sidedB.sharedC.compliedD.agreed问题8选项A.presentB.offerC.manifestD.indicate问题9选项A.ReleaseB.PublicationC.PrintingD.Exposure问题10选项A.stormB.rageC.flareD.flash问题11选项A.translationB.interpretationC.exhibitionD.demonstration问题12选项A.better thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.sooner than问题13选项A.changesB.makesC.setsD.turns问题14选项A.bindingB.convincingC.restrainingD.sustaining问题15选项A.authorizedB.creditedC.entitledD.qualified问题16选项A.withB.toC.fromD.by问题17选项A.impactB.incidentC.inferenceD.issue问题18选项A.statedB.remarkedC.saidD.told问题19选项A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that问题20选项A.assureB.confideC.ensureD.guarantee【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:A第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:A第17题:D第18题:C第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）语法知识。as to “至于，关于”； for instance “例如”； in particular “尤其”； such as “例如”。句意：政府禁止收买证人，诸如罗斯玛丽韦斯特的审判这一类重大案件。根据句意和结构，选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。tightening “绷紧”； intensifying “加剧”； focusing “聚焦”； fastening “扣紧”。句意：对法律控制的加紧。tightening controls “加紧控制”。选项A符合题意。（3）近义词辨析。sketch “草图，素描”；rough “粗糙的，粗鲁的”；preliminary “初步的，预备的”；draft “草案，草稿”。句意：大法官将会提出一个法律草案。选项D符合题意。（4）形容词词义辨析。illogical “不合逻辑的”；illegal“不合法的”；improbable “未必会的，不太可能的”；improper “不适当的”。句意：使向证人付款成为非法行为。选项B符合题意。（5）名词词义辨析。publicity “宣扬，公开”； penalty “罚款”； popularity “普及”； peculiarity “特性”。句意：严格控制案件的公开程度。选项A符合题意。（6）介词词义辨析。根据文章意思，在审判开始前，严格控制案件的宣传度。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。side “同意，支持”； share “分享”； comply “遵守”；agree “同意”。agree 和with 搭配。句意：Lord Irvine说他同意委员会的报告。选项D符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。present “呈递，提出”；offer有“主动提出，提供”；manifest “表明，征服”；indicate “指示，暗示”。句意：自我调节没能提供足够的管控。选项B符合题意。（9）名词词义辨析。release “释放”； publication “发表，公开”；printing “打印”； exposure “曝光”。句意：两周后信发表了。选项B符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。storm“政治、市场方面的动荡”；rage “愤怒”； flare “火光闪耀”；flash “突然闪现”。句意：Lord Irvine 掀起了一场媒体反抗风暴。选项A符合题意。（11）名词词义辨析。translation “翻译”；interpretation “ 解释，阐明”；exhibition “展览”，demonstration “表明，论证”。句意：包含于欧洲立法中的隐私权将由审判长解释。选项B符合题意。（12）词组辨析。better than “比更好”；other than “不同于；除了”； rather than “而不是”；sooner than “比更快”。句意：包含于欧洲立法中的隐私权将由议会解释而不是议会。选项C符合题意。（13）动词词义辨析。changes “改变”； makes “使”；sets “放置”； turns “转变”。句意：使欧洲人权公约在英国是具有合法约束力的。make后接双重宾语的用法。选项B符合题意。（14）形容词词义辨析。Binding “有约束力的”；convincing“令人信服的”；restraining“抑制的”；sustaining“维持的”。句意：使欧洲人权公约在英国具有合法约束力。选项A符合题意。（15）动词词义辨析。authorize“认可，批准”；credit “归因于”；entitle “使有权利”；qualify “使具有资格”。be entitled to “有权利”。句意：每个人都有隐私权。选项C符合题意。（16）固定搭配。be in safe hands with “因而安然无恙”。句意：新闻自由交由法官负责将会很安全。选项A符合题意。（17）名词词义辨析。impact “影响；冲突”；incident “小事件；插曲”；inference “推论，推理”；issue “问题；辩论”。句意：是否为证人付款变成了一个问题。选项D符合题意。（18）固定搭配。Be said to do sth. “据说”。句意：据说有多打达19名证人通过讲述自己的故事获得了报酬。选项C符合题意。（19）语法知识。that 做连词引导同位语从句。句意：关注点在于，证人将被鼓励在法庭上夸大自己的故事为了确保有罪判决。选项D符合题意。（20）动词词义辨析。assure “保证，担保”；confide “吐露”；ensure “确保”；guarantee“保证”，ensure guilty verdicts “确保有罪判决”。句意：证人将被鼓励在法庭上夸大自己的故事为了确保有罪判决。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot（ ）his office.问题1选项A.obtainB.secureC.haveD.retain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。obtain “获得”；secure “保护”；have “拥有”；retain “保留”。句意：如果下个月没有做一些实质性的工作，他将保不住他的职位。选项D符合题意。9. 翻译题Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, theyll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。10. 单选题Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.问题1选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】同根词词义辨析。lively “活泼的，充满生气的”；alive “活着的”；living “现存的”；live “生动的”。句意：科学家正在寻找活着的古老的树，因为可以教他们许多有关于气候变化的问题。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题All the investors in stocks must be（ ）to the risks in such investment.问题1选项A.realisticB.alertC.accessibleD.awake【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。realistic “现实的”；alert “警觉的”；accessible “易接近的”；awake “醒着的”。句意：所有股票投资者都必须当心这种投资的风险。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Because Jenkins neither _ nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic_.问题1选项A.criticizes. acumenB.attacks.neutralityC.confronts.aptitudeD.dismisses.flair【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。criticize “批评，评论”；attack “攻击，抨击”；confront “面对，遭遇”；dismiss “解散，解雇”。acumen “聪明，敏锐”；neutrality “中立”；aptitude “天资”；flair “资质”。句意：因为詹金斯对于管理层和罢工工人既不批评也不为之辩护，两个助手都很佩服他的新闻敏锐感。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, （ ）speak to a room of people.问题1选项A.much lessB.much moreC.still moreD.more or less【答案】B【解析】副词词组辨析。much less “更不用说”；much more “更加”；still more “更何况”；more or less “或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢询问陌生人时间，更何况是和一屋子的人说话。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _ shock and anger throughout the world.问题1选项A.temptedB.provokedC.summonedD.enveloped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。tempted “引诱”；provoked “激起”；summoned “召集”；enveloped “包围”。句意：纽约双子塔的毁坏在全世界激起了震惊和愤怒。选项B符合题意。15. 翻译题According to a growing body of experience, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.【答案】根据越来越多的亲身体验，许多制成塑料制品的化学用品可能会移动到食物和流体上，最终进入你的体内。16. 单选题The Psychology of Warranties Protection RacketIf extended guarantees are overpriced, why are they so popular?CUSTOMERS tend to agonise over the relative merits of different models of electronic goods such as digital cameras or plasma televisions. But when they get to the till, many spend freely on something they barely think about at all: an extended warranty, which is often more profitable to the retailer than the device it covers.Shoppers typically pay 10% -50% of the cost of a product to insure it beyond the term covered by the manufacturers guarantee. （ 1） Yet products rarely break within the period covered, and repairs tend to cost no more than the warranty itself. （ 2）So why, asks a paper published in the December issue of the Journal of Consumer Research, so many consumers still buy extended warranties? The authors Tao Chen of the University of Maryland, Ajay Kalra of Rice University and Baohong Sun of Carnegie Mellon University examined purchase data from a big electronics retailer for over 600 households from November 2003 to October 2004.（3 ）If a customer is about to buy something fun (i. e., a plasma television rather than a vacuum cleaner), he will be more inclined to splash out on extra insurance. This is because consumers value “hedonic” items over utilitarian ones, regardless of the actual price tag. （4 ） The study also found that poorer consumers are more likely to buy “potentially unnecessary and overpriced insurance”, because they are more worried about the expense of replacing a product if it breaks.（ 5） But although most policies go unused, he admits that the emotional tranquility that comes with buying a new warranty is not in itself without value, even if “rationally, it doesnt make sense”.问题1选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题2选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题3选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题4选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题5选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.【答案】第1题:B第2题:G第3题:E第4题:A第5题:F【解析】1. 根据上下文，空格前提到人们通常会支付一部分钱来延长保险期使其超过制造商的保修期，空格后提到维修费用不会超过保证书承诺的额度，选项B中the term和上文形成照应，对上文提到的制造商担保的保修期进行了进一步解释。句意：保险协议的条款各不相同（通常有很多细则），但他们通常承诺在一到四年里可以修复或更换有故障的设备，选项B符合题意。2. 根据上下文，空格处是第三段的最后一句，选项G是上文所描述的情况的结果，也就是保单之诈带来的结果，使保单业务利润惊人，而且本句也有点题的作用。选项G符合题意。3.根据上下文，空格上一段的开头so why提出疑问，为什么有如此多的人还要购买保单呢？紧接着提到了一系列的调查数据，可推断空格应该是一个结果的呈现。选项E中they concluded that说明是调查的结果，句意：他们总结道：购买保修单的决定在很大程度上与购物者的心情有关。选项E符合题意。4. 根据上下文，空格上一句提到，重视享乐的人们更倾向于在保险上花钱，而不顾产品真实的价格标签。选项A中this is especially true对这个现象进行了进一步的解释，存在顺承关系。选项A符合题意。5. 根据空格后一句中he admits，可知空格中应该会出现一个人物，选项F提到了Mr. Kalra这个人名，并且空格后but表明转折关系，将会提到和下文完全相反的情况，选项F提到保单受欢迎的程度从逻辑上说应该取决于产品出故障的可能性，空格后提到保单从理性上讲并没有意义。前后形成对比转折。选项F符合题意。17. 单选题Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies （雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士）”. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics （健身操）or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket （高档消费人群）retailing network that helped push sales to $ 1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $ 27 to $ 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.1.One reason why Reeboks managerial personnel dont like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that_.2.Reebok s view that “ consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 5，Para. 2) implies that_.3.Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because_ .4.Although the Reebok Compa