2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷26

2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries（ ）as a unified science.问题1选项A.did ecology emergeB.when ecology emergedC.ecology emergedD.when did ecology emerge【答案】A【解析】考查倒装结构。当not until放句首时，句子要部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：直到19世纪末20世纪初，生态学才作为统一的科学出现。2. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that（ ）girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.assigningB.enrollingC.involvingD.undertaking【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。assign分配，指派；enroll登记，招收，注册；involve涉及；undertake承担，保证。句意：1994年世界银行的一份报告得出的结论是, 学校招收女生是发展中国家反贫困最有效的措施。招生用enroll。故B项正确。3. 单选题Hillary Clinton on Tuesday stressed that the battle for（ ）equality and preventing violence against women needs to be a priority for both women and men.问题1选项A.scandalB.genderC.egoD.asset【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。scandal丑闻；gender性别；ego自我；asset资产。由“and preventing violence against women 防止对妇女的暴力行为”可推知前半句是提倡男女平等。故B项正确。句意：希拉里克林顿于本周二强调，男女平等和防止针对女性的暴力行为的斗争应该是男女双方的首要任务。4. 单选题Despite media reports that the plane was hijacked, experts were still investigating all possibilities as to what had caused MH370 to（ ）from its original flight path.问题1选项A.detachB.deviateC.differD.discharge【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项detach表示“使分离，派遣”；B选项deviate表示“使偏离，越轨”；C选项differ表示“使不同，意见分歧”；D选项discharge表示“离开，放电，释放，撤销”。根据关键词“from its original flight path”可知，原文讲的是飞机偏离航线，因此deviate含义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为B选项。5. 单选题The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, No, quite contrary. The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a technological renaissance say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friendsnot to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus（领袖）promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver, except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than timeour sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. In corporate executives opinion, technology（ ）.2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?3. The passage states that（ ）is the most valuable resource for the .com generation.4. It is implied in the Paragraph 6 that（ ）.5. Which of the following might be an appropriate title for the passage?问题1选项A.should be aggressively championedB.has a profound impact on their livesC.renaissance should be pushed forwardD.actually results in a decline in their life quality问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.New technologies occupy much of our time.C.The .com generation became slaves of technology.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.technological wondersB.access to informationC.time saving devicesD.time问题4选项A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technologyB.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generationsC.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civilityD.technology might make people less impatient问题5选项A.The New Internet LifeB.The Drawbacks of too Much AccessC.The Failure of Technological RenaissanceD.The Declining Quality of Life【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：以公司高管们来看，技术.。根据原文第二段第三句“Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, No, quite contrary.”可知，大家的回答是“没有，正好相反”，也就是我们在工作、家庭和社区中的生活质量与所有新互联网以及企业对企业互联网服务的引入不成正比。换言之，技术实际上导致了生活质量的下降，由此可判断D选项正确。A选项表示“应该积极拥护”，B选项表示“对他们的生活有深远的影响”，C选项表示“应该推进复兴”，均与原文表述不符，可排除。2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，技术专家（领袖）承诺我们，访问将使人们生活更方便，给我们更多的时间。相反，正是那些本应解放我们的技术奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一张似乎无法轻易逃脱的关系网中。由此可见，技术专家的诺言没有实现，相反科技的进步占据了人们更多的时间，人们也难以摆脱这些技术奇迹，所以判断B、D选项正确，可排除。而A选项“技术本应让人们获得自由”与原文表述“liberate us”相符，故可排除。虽然原文提到网络生活开始奴役我们，但并非是指网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此，C选项表述错误。故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“the most valuable resource for the .com generation”可定位到原文第四段第二句“Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources”，由此可知，我们的闲暇时光都被某种形式的商业联系所填满，反倒使得时间成为所有资源中最稀缺的一种。因此本题正确答案为D选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：第六段暗示。根据原文第六段第二句“Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?”可知，D选项“科技可能会让人们更有耐心”表述正确。由第六段第一句“Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values”可知，社会保守派谈论文明的衰落，并将其归咎于道德指南针和宗教价值观的丧失，由此判断A选项表述错误。B选项“.com一代不如前几代文明”以及C选项“高速文化导致了文明的沦丧”均与第六段内容不符，故本题正确答案为D选项。5.主旨大意题。原文主要讲述了新的技术原本是以为人类节约时间和能量为目的，但实际上却给人们带来了很多负面影响，让人们变得更加忙碌，更没有耐心，由此可以判断最适合作为文章标题的应当是B选项。A选项“新的网络生活”表述过于笼统，可排除。C选项“科技复兴的失败”与原文内容不符，故排除。D选项“生活质量的下降”只是其中某些公司高管的观点，过于片面，不能代表原文主旨，故排除。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。6. 单选题Springfield firefighters quickly（ ）a burning SUV in a parking lot in Forest Park. The cause remains under investigation.问题1选项A.extinguishedB.excludedC.exceededD.exposed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish熄灭，压制；exclude排斥；exceed超过，expose暴露。由firefighter可推知消防员将火扑灭了。故A项正确。句意：斯普林菲尔德消防员迅速熄灭了在森林公园的一个停车场燃烧的SUV。事故原因仍在调查中。7. 单选题If a school posts a students name and test score without obtaining student（or parental）consent, it can（ ）FERPA, a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records.问题1选项A.verifyB.vilifyC.violateD.vibrate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项verify表示“核实，查证”；B选项vilify表示“诽谤，中伤，轻视”；C选项violate表示“违反，侵犯”；D选项vibrate表示“振动，颤动，摇摆”。由句意可知，如果学校在没有得到学生（或家长）同意的情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。因此，violate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。8. 单选题A detailed and thorough research project undertaken by the Open University recently reported that their evidence appears to show that competition between nearby schools does not significantly improve academic standards. Indeed, their report inclines to the opposite outcome; the exam results may actually decline where competition is fiercest.When the further education sector was privatized a few years ago, competition between colleges became truly fierce, at least in urban areas where potential students could choose between several of them. Colleges appointed highly paid marketing directors and gave them large budgets; some even bribed. interested students with promises of hundreds of pounds if they completed certain courses satisfactorily.Fully competitive markets being a philosophical foundation of Britains recent governments, it was no surprise to hear claims that many educational developments of the 1990s would move us towards a free market in secondary education-giving youngsters and their parents a free choice of where to study. However, the secondary sector did not become particularly competitive while, admittedly, the consumers have been given more information, which is one aspect of a truly free market. It is very rare that two nearby schools with at least some empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable; only where that occurs can there be true competition.The Open University research was probably not flawed-but its conclusions are. This is because the team did not really compare areas having true competition（as just defineD. with areas that do not.But, let us all breathe a sigh of relief. Secondary schools had started of late to move in the marketing directionconsidering allocating scarce resources of staff and money to persuading the pupils that their schools are the best in the area. No schools could afford to do that properly, so it is a relief to realize this research tells us we dont have to.Competition? We havent got time for it! Lets spend our small budget in teaching and learning, not in competing and marketing.1. It is indicated in the passage that competition between schools results in（ ）.2. Real competition can happen only when（ ）.3. According to the passage, the free market in secondary education（ ）.4. The author of the passage feels relieved that（ ）.5. What might be the authors attitude towards competitions between nearby schools?问题1选项A.higher enrollment rateB.lower academic standardC.higher marketing expensesD.privatization of further education问题2选项A.academic standard is improvedB.there are comparable schools with different educational qualitiesC.students have different interestsD.schools of all areas have sufficient budget for their development问题3选项A.only provides consumers with more informationB.is more competitive than the higher education marketC.means there will be more intensive competition than in collegesD.is a real surprise to Britains recent government问题4选项A.secondary schools have to market themselvesB.most secondary schools have scarce resources of staff and moneyC.the research by Open University proves that most secondary schools are the best in its areaD.schools neednt prove that they are the best问题5选项A.The author is in favor of various kinds of competition.B.The author is indifferent to any competition and its result.C.The author is not certain of the effect of competitions.D.The author is against inter-collegiate competitions.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第一段“A detailed and thorough research project undertaken by the Open University recently reported that their evidence appears to show that competition between nearby schools does not significantly improve academic standards. Indeed, their report inclines to the opposite outcome; the exam results may actually decline where competition is fiercest.” 大学进行的一项详细而彻底的研究项目最近报告显示，他们的证据似乎表明，附近学校之间的竞争并没有显著提高学术水平。事实上，他们的报告倾向于相反的结果;在竞争最激烈的地方，考试成绩实际上可能会下降。可知学校之间的竞争会导致学术水平的降低。故B项正确。2.判断推理题。由题干定位到第三段It is very rare that two nearby schools with at least some empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable; only where that occurs can there be true competition. 附近有两所学校（之间至少有一些空地间隔开来）相似到足以进行比较，但不同到足以排名，这种情况是非常罕见的。只有在这种情况下，才会有真正的竞争。据此可知B项“当两所学校的具有不同的教育质量并且两所学校大致相当的时候，才有真正的竞争。”体现了原文中的“相似到足以比较，但又有不同之处”。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第三段However, the secondary sector did not become particularly competitive while, admittedly, the consumers have been given more information, which is one aspect of a truly free market. 然而，第二部门并没有变得特别有竞争力，同时不可否认，消费者得到了更多的信息，这是一个真正自由市场的一个方面。可知A项“中等教育的自由市场给消费者提供了更多信息”正确。B项“中等教育的自由市场比高等教育市场更有竞争力”和C项“中等教育的自由市场意味着大学将有更激烈的竞争”原文没有提到。D项“中等教育的自由市场让英国现行政府很惊讶”与文中“it was no surprise to hear claims that many educational developments of the 1990s would move us towards a free market in secondary education” 这并不令人意外听到这样的观点：上世纪90年代的许多教育发展将推动我们走向中等教育的自由市场不符。故A项正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干定位到倒数第二段“But, let us all breathe a sigh of relief. Secondary schools had started of late to move in the marketing directionconsidering allocating scarce resources of staff and money to persuading the pupils that their schools are the best in the area. No schools could afford to do that properly, so it is a relief to realize this research tells us we dont have to. 但是，让我们都松一口气吧。中学最近才开始向市场营销方向发展-考虑分配稀缺的人力资源和资金来说服学生，使其相信他们的学校是该地区最好的。没有一所学校能负担得起这样做，因此，当我们意识到这项研究告诉我们不必这样做时，我们松了一口气。”可知作者松了一口气的原因是研究表明学校不必证明自己是最好的。答案D5.判断推理题。根据题干定位到最后一段“Competition? We havent got time for it! Lets spend our small budget in teaching and learning, not in competing and marketing.” 竞争?我们没时间了!让我们把我们的小预算花在教学上，而不是竞争和营销上。由此可知作者对竞争是持反对态度的。D项正确。9. 单选题In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” hese were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do（J.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social induces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “homogenizing”（Line 2, Paragraph 1）?2. The author agrees that the 19th-century department stores（ ）.3. According to the passage, immigrants now in the U.S.（ ）.4. Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks are mentioned in Paragraph 5 to（ ）.5. In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is（ ）.问题1选项A.IdentifyingB.AssociatingC.AssimilatingD.Monopolizing问题2选项A.owed its emergence to the culture of consumptionB.became intimate shops for common consumersC.played a role in the spread of popular cultureD.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite问题3选项A.exert a great influence on American cultureB.are hardly a threat to the common cultureC.constitute the majority of the populationD.are resistant to homogenization问题4选项A.reveal the publics fear of immigrantsB.prove their popularity around the worldC.give examples of successful immigrantsD.show the powerful influence of American culture问题5选项A.rewardingB.successfulC.fruitlessD.harmful【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.词义题。In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.由in spite of以及difference可知，homogenizing是difference的反义词。选项中只有C项assimilation同化为difference的反义词，故C项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite， these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.人们被19世纪的百货商店所倡导的“消费文化”所吸引，这些商店“在优雅的氛围中提供琳琅满目的商品”。“这些商店”不是为知识精英服务的私人商店，而是任何人都可以进入的商店，无论阶层或背景如何。这就把购物变成了一种公开和民主的行为。大众媒体、广告和体育是同质化的其他力量。据此可知19世纪的百货商店对于流行文化的传播起了作用。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.” 移民们很快就适应了这种共同的文化，这种文化可能并不完全令人振奋，但也几乎没有害处。据此可知B项“移民对美国的共同的文化几乎没有威胁。”正确。4.作者意图题。由第五段“Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.” 罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄的儿童都是阿诺德施瓦辛格（Arnold Schwarzenegger）和加斯布鲁克斯（Garth Brooks）等超级明星的粉丝，但“一些美国人担心，生活在美国的移民在某种程度上仍然不受美国同化力量的影响。”据此可以首先排除A项“揭示了公众对移民的恐惧”，因为文中说到的是some Americans与选项中的public是有区别的。B项“为了证明他们在全世界的有名”这句显然不对，该句与文章的主旨美国移民无关。C项“给出成功移民的例子”这两个人并不一定都是移民，而且本文讨论的是美国在吸收移民方面的成功，如果作者举这个例子是为了表明移民本身的成功，那就偏离了文章主旨。yet之后的内容：然而，一些美国人担心在美国的移民不受美国强大的同化能力的影响。其实这句话作者是想表明既然美国之外的人都崇拜美国人，那么何必担心美国移民不受美国强大的文化的影响呢？言外之意是美国文化在包括美国在内的全世界都有强大的影响。故D项正确。5.观点态度题。由第二段第一句“Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.”可知移民对这种文化机会没有害处，故D项错误。本文作者从几个方面讲述了美国吸收移民的成功，比如新移民的家庭一般高于50%的人都拥有自己的房子；大多数移民在居住10年后，英语说得“很好”或“非常好”。“移民的孩子往往会说两种语言，精通英语。到了第三代，大多数移民家庭的母语就消失了等等，故B项正确。本文并没有强调移民对美国的好处，故A项错误。C项fruitless不成功的，明显与原文内容相反，故排除。故正确答案为B项。10. 单选题Satellite photographs can provide information on（ ）rain are falling.问题1选项A.which where and how much