2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷50

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题With orders and counter-orders, and with pressure mounting on all sides, the question of where he was to go again（ ）.问题1选项A.has come to the foreB.came to the foreC.had come to the foreD.came to the spotlight【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。come to the fore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又出来了。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题He was（ ）between the desire to crush Nanking at the earliest possible moment by throwing his full force against that city and his realization of the need to provide strong forces for the relief of Shanghai.问题1选项A.irritatedB.besetC.tornD.tortured【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irritated“生气的”；B选项beset“困扰的”，表示某人因某事而困扰，符合题意；C选项torn“撕裂的”；D选项tortured“折磨的”。结合文章内容可知，他正在被两件事情所困扰，B选项符合题意。句意：他既希望尽其所能尽快摧毁南京，又意识到需要提供强大的力量来解救上海，他在两者之间。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The scene is so beautiful that it（ ）my power of description.问题1选项A.transportsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项transport“运送”，B项transfer“转移”，C项transcend“胜过，超越”，D项transform“改变，转换”。句意：这景色是如此美丽，我无法用语言来形容。根据句意，该题选C正确。4. 不定项选择题Motorola Inc., the worlds second-largest mobile phone make, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch（等级）engineering culture, is hoping to profit its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the users whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.41. The word “slump” in the first paragraph may be replaced by（ ）.42. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.（ ）.43. Analysts dont think that（ ）.44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on（ ）.45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.slouchB.declineC.increaseD.stamp问题2选项A.is the worlds largest mobile phone makerB.is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC.will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD.is going to sell all its manufacturing plants问题3选项A.Motorola will be successfulB.the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitorsC.its competitors will want to buy the technology from itD.its mobile phones contain a variety of chips问题4选项A.Bluetooth featuresB.MP3 audio capabilityC.Global Positioning SystemD.GPRS standard问题5选项A.GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B.Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.C.Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D.Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义辨析题。Slump “消沉、衰退、（物价）暴跌”，A选项slouch“懒散”； B选项decline “下降，衰落，消沉”；C选项increase “上涨，增加”，所以slump可以用B代替。42.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到第一段第四句is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals（试图成为竞争对手移动技术的中立供应商）以及最后一段第一句Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business（伯吉斯表示，新业务不会与摩托罗拉自己的手机业务发生冲突），所以B项“正在努力成为一个移动技术提供商以外的移动电话制造商”正确。A选项定位到第一段开头Motorola , the worlds second-largest mobile phone make（摩托罗拉是世界第二大移动电话生产商），所以A项“最大的生产商”错误；从第一段倒数第四行but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint.（但这是该公司首次提供完整的芯片系列以及详细的蓝图）可知C选项“只卖手机芯片”错误；D选项“将出售所有的制造厂”文中并没有提及，所以排除。43.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。题目：分析学家认为不。第一段最后一句Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival （分析家说他们喜欢这一策略，但是对于竞争者是否会愿意从竞争对手手中购买技术这一问题持谨慎态度），C项“竞争者们想要从摩托罗拉购买这项技术”，符合题意。A项“摩托罗拉会成功的”；B项“摩托罗拉提供的技术将由竞争对手选择”；D项“它的手机里有各种各样的芯片”都不符合题干。44.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句话Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next -generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard（摩托罗拉表示，将开始提供基于下一代GPRS（全球分组无线业务）标准的技术）可知D选项“GPRS标准”正确。A项“蓝牙功能”；B项“MP3音频功能”；C项“全球定位系统”文中均没有提及。45.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。从第二段最后一句GPRS offers faster access to data through always on network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve，rather than the length of download.（GPRS通过网络连接提供了更快的数据访问速度，客户只需按他们检索的信息收费，而不是下载的长度）可知顾客的付费应该是少了，而不是多了，所以A项“GPRS通过网络连接提供更快的数据访问，因此客户应该支付更多的费用”错误，符合题意；从第一段第二句开头The inventor of the cell phone（手机的发明者）可知B项“摩托罗拉公司是手机的发明者”正确；从第一段倒数第六行Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips（摩托罗拉此前曾向手机制造商提供过几款芯片）可知C项“摩托罗拉过去只向手机制造商提供部分产品它的芯片”正确；从第二段开头The company, long known for its top-notch engineering culture（这家公司长期以来以一流的工程文化而闻名）可知D项“摩托罗拉公司以其一流的工程文化而闻名”正确。5. 单选题An examination of the stages of his rise, the methods he employed to strengthen himself, and the institutional reforms he effected in order to maintain his power helps us（ ）the factors and dynamics of power within a bureaucratically dominated society.问题1选项A.think ofB.account forC.considerD.weigh【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项think of“想起”；B选项account for“解释，说明”；C选项consider“考虑”；D选项weigh“权衡”。根据前文通过利用某种方法，以及后文官僚统治的社会中权力的因素和动态，可以推测方法解释了这种因素，B选项正确。句意：通过对他成名阶段的调查，发现他用来加强自身实力的方法和为了维护其权利的体制改革帮助我们了官僚主义占主导的社会中的权利因素和权利力量。因此B选项正确。6. 不定项选择题(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec.30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “Its difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them, “Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday.”Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailandhas yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is about（ ）.32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting against the bird flu?34. We can infer from the last paragraph that（ ）.35. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.batting the SARSB.epidemic disease controlC.fighting the avian fluD.public health问题2选项A.Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.B.Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.C.Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.D.1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.问题3选项A.to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farmsB.to carry out regular disinfectionC.to raise ducks and chickens separatelyD.to stop poultry trade问题4选项A.currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humansB.the bird flu virus is easy to mutateC.the bird flu has killed millions of peopleD.the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza问题5选项A.Bird Flu: A Deadly DiseaseB.What Can We Learn from the Bird FluC.Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird FluD.Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird Flu【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】31.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“第一段提到的国际会议的主题是关于”。根据文章第一段Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，国际会议的主题是关于抗击禽流感，因此C项“抗击禽流感”正确。A项“打击非典”，文中没有提到非典；B项“流行性疾病的控制”，第一段没有提到控制方面的内容；D项“公共健康”不符题意。故该题选C。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”。根据第四段第一句话Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said.（Anh说，大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）可知B项“大型商业农场已经采取了预防措施来控制禽流感”正确。A项“禽流感首先在越南被发现”，文中没有明确说到禽流感是在越南发现的；C项“Bui Quang Anh认为预防禽流感是不可能的”，根据第五段第一句话New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said.（Anh说，新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施。）可知，一些卫生措施是可以采取用来预防禽流感的，所以C项错误。D项“在去年爆发的禽流感中，有1000只家禽被杀死”，根据第二段最后一句the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.（去年禽流感疫情曾蔓延到10个亚洲国家，导致1亿多只家禽被宰杀。）可知，不是1000只，而是1亿多只，D项错误。故该题选B。33.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项措施不能有效地对抗禽流感？”根据文章第四段Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection（大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）和第五段New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures（新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施）可知，A项“推行严格的家禽卫生标准”，B项“定期进行消毒”和C项“分开饲养鸭和鸡”均已提及，只有D项“停止家禽贸易”文中没有提到。故该题选D。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从最后一段我们可以推断”。根据最后一段第一句has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between human（目前尚未变异成可在人与人之间传播的病毒）可知，目前禽流感还不能在人与人之间传播，因此A项“目前禽流感病毒不能在人与人之间传播”正确。B项“禽流感病毒很容易变异”，第五段最后一句提到But scientists say it may mutate to a human form（但是科学家们说，这种病毒可能会变异），由此可知，禽流感病毒是可能会变异但不一定很容易变异，B项错误；C项“禽流感已经夺去了数百万人的生命”，根据最后一段第一句The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including-32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailand（这种病毒去年已造成46人死亡，其中包括32名越南人和12名泰国人）可知，C项错误；D项“禽流感比普通流感更致命”，最后一句说到it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.（这种病毒可能会变异，就像20世纪三次流感大流行中导致数百万人死亡的那种病毒一样致命），由此可知是变异后可能会比普通流感更致命，所以D项错误。故该题选A。35.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章最好的标题是”。文章全篇主要讲述的是禽流感的预防措施和控制，根据文章首段(6) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，本文是讲述官方如何督促农民控制禽流感，所以D项“官方督促农民控制禽流感”符合题意。A项“禽流感：致命的疾病”太片面，因此不选；B项“我们能从禽流感中学到什么”，文中没有提到这些内容，B项错误；C项“越南：禽流感最大的受害者”，文章也未提及越南是禽流感的最大受害者。故该题选D。7. 单选题The history of Lis career took its special course because it occurred at the end of imperial times, when institutional problems of traditional Chinese history became（ ）new elements brought in by the impact of the West.问题1选项A.togetherB.separatedC.unitedD.merged with【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义以及固定搭配辨析。A选项together“新潮的，情绪稳定的”；B选项separated“分开的，分居”；C选项united“一致的，统一的”；D选项merged with“与结合；与联合”。merged with与融合，结合，由题干可知，中国传统以及西方新元素会产生融合。排除A选项，B选项；空格处前是become，后面是new elements，宾语，根据语法结构，不能直接在空格处加入形容词，代入C选项无法组成完整的句子，不符合语法结构，空格处填入的词应和become一起构成谓语。句意：当中国传统历史的体制问题与在西方影响下引入的新元素相时，由于处于帝国时期的末期，李的职业历史便走向了一条特殊的道路。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The sales manager was so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for anyone to talk her out of it.问题1选项A.adaptableB.anxiousC.firmD.talkative【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。adamant在句中是“坚决的，坚定不移的”，A选项adaptable “能适应的”；B选项anxious“焦虑的”；C选项firm“坚固的；坚决的”；D选项talkative“健谈的”。句意：销售经理对自己的想法如此坚决，以至于任何人都无法说服她放弃。因此选C。9. 单选题Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.问题1选项A.identicalB.doubleC.illustratedD.legible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。duplicate表示“复制的”。A项identical“同一的，完全相同的”，B项double“双倍的”，C项illustrated“有插图的”，D项legible“清晰的，易辨认的”。句意：现代印刷设备能迅速生产出文字和图片的复制品。根据句意，该题选A正确。10. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, governmental budgets for education are often slashed before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.cutC.checkedD.donated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”。A项shift“转移，快速转移”，B项cut“割破，砍，削减”，C项check“检查”，D项donate“捐赠”。句意：在经济困难时期，政府经常首先削减教育预算。根据句意，该题选B正确。11. 单选题Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioactive debris, while high-altitude satellites carry detectors for gamma rays and other emissions.问题1选项A.diffusionB.remainsC.glitterD.transfer【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。debris表示“碎片，残骸”。A项diffusion“扩散，传播”，B项remain“遗留，残骸”，C项glitter“闪光，灿烂”，D项transfer“转移”。句意：飞机和火箭可以用来收集放射性碎片，而高空卫星携带探测伽马射线和其他辐射的探测器。根据句意，该题选B正确。12. 单选题After centuries of self-enforced（ ）, China has gained for herself a place in world affairs that brings her into the current of modern history.问题1选项A.cooperationB.monopolyC.dictatorshipD.seclusion【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项cooperation“合作，协作”；B选项monopoly“垄断”；C选项dictatorship“专政，专制”；D选项seclusion“隐居”。根据后文中国占据了一席之地，可推测，中国经过数百年的自我专制，到达今天的地位。句意：经过数百年的自我实施后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke.问题1选项A.ignitedB.immersedC.emittedD.hugged【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。vomit在句中是“吐出，喷出”；A选项ignited“点燃”；B选项immersed“浸入”；C选项emitted“释放，放出”；D选项hugged“拥抱”。句意：烟囱吐出一团烟。所以选C。14. 单选题The qualities demanded by the government were of a practical, moral and ethical nature, the objective being to perpetuate Confucian traditions which were（ ）in maintaining stability and sanctioning the imperial rule.问题1选项A.usefulB.essentialC.instrumentalD.vital【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项useful“有用的”；B选项essential“必不可少的”；C选项instrumental“有帮助的”；D选项vital“极其重要的”。虽然四个词放在题目中均读得通，但根据题意，我们选择最合适的，即B选项。句意：政府所要求的质量带有实在、道德伦理的本质，孔子传统对于维持稳定、认可帝国统治是的，这便是保持孔子传统的目的。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.问题1选项A.hardly activeB.relatively activeC.extremely inactiveD.pathologically active【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”，A选项hardly active “几乎不活跃”；B选项relatively active“相对活跃”extremely inactive“极度不活跃”；D选项pathologically active“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意：其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃；他们比正常人活跃得多，追逐他人，互相争斗。根据各选项词义，选D。16. 单选题The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious.问题1选项A.spreadingB.contemptibleC.contentedD.depressing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的，会感染的”；A选项spreading“扩散的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的”；C选项contented“满足的，心安的”；D选项depressing“沉闷的，阴沉的”。句意：问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。17. 单选题The minister（ ）all his officials pay the tax.问题1选项A.bidsB.blessesC.barksD.baffles【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项bid“吩咐，命令”，B项bless“保佑”，C项bark“吠叫，咆哮”，D项baffle“使困惑”。句意：部长要求他所有的官员都纳税。根据句意，该题选A正确。18. 单选题The course of scholastic preparation was arduous requiring the systematic passing of successive examinations. Success in the examinations resulted in the（ ）of academic degrees, which were treasured as the surest source of wealth and power in China.问题1选项A.bestowalB.givingC.conferringD.offering【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。19. 单选题Such an incident fits into the larger pattern of calculated indoctrination. He emphasized sincerity and loyalty as the cardinal virtues and tried to soften some of the（ ）edges of Lis personality.问题1选项A.smoothB.roughC.evenD.uneven【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项smooth“光滑的”；B选项rough“艰苦的，粗糙的；粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的；危险的”；C选项even“平坦的”；D选项uneven“不平衡的，不公正的，不正直的”。由题干soften“使温和；使缓和；使变柔软”可知是使李性格中粗野的（或者说危险的）棱角。句意：这样的事件符合更大的有计划的灌输模式。他强调真诚和忠诚是李的基本美德，并试图抚平他性格中的一些棱角。因此B选项正确。20. 不定项选择题A Washington-based think tank has been soliciting critiques of the just-released international assessment of the evidence on climate change, a move that prompted some academics and environmentalists to accuse the group of seeking to distort the latest evidence for global warming.Advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the Public Interest Research Group questioned why the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) has offered $10,000 to academics willing to contribute to a book on climatechange policy, an overture that was first reported Friday in Londons Guardian newspaper.Greenpeace spokeswoman Jane Kochersperger, who noted that AEI has received funding from Exxon Mobil in recent years, said yesterday that the think tank “has clearly hit a new low when its throwing out cash awards under the rubric of reason to create confusion on the status of climate science. Americans are still suffering the impacts of Hurricane Katrina, and its clearly time for policymakers on both sides of the aisle to take substantive action on global warming and ignore Exxon Mobils disinformation campaign via climate skeptics.”AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Greenone of two researchers who has sought to commission the critiquessaid in an interview that his group is examinin