2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷2

2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Signs warned that the trail was（ ）even in good weather conditions, so only experienced and well-equipped hikers should attempt it.问题1选项A.affluentB.wholesomeC.treacherousD.incurable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”；B选项wholesome“健全的”；C选项treacherous“危险的”；D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上写着，即使在天气条件好的情况下，这条小路也是危险的，所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题This child was so obstinate that he refused to admit to his mistakes.问题1选项A.obsessiveB.furiousC.stubbornD.rebellious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项obsessive“强迫性的”；B选项furious“狂怒的”；C选项stubborn“顽固的”；D选项rebellious“叛逆的”。句意：这孩子太固执了，拒不承认自己的错误。划线部分obstinate是固执的意思。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题The（ ）difference in Chinese dialect has become a problem in mutual communication among people.问题1选项A.enormousB.immenseC.imminentD.eminent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项enormous“巨大的”，指超出了正常的限度和比例；B选项immense“广大的”，侧重空间的广阔；C选项imminent“即将来临的”；D选项eminent“杰出的”。句意：汉语方言的巨大差异已经成为人与人之间交流的一个问题。本句表示差异的巨大。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题There are Americans who visit France and come back saying “the French are so rude. ”I feel differently. I think Americans perceive French behavior “rude” because it doesnt follow American rules. You cant assume that everyone in France should speak English. You cant approach a French stranger with a big American hello and “how are you” and expect them to respond in kind. However, if you look them in the eye, give a slight nod with a gentle hello, they will respond favorably.Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified. They are not loud, and they are reserved in their expressions. We like to say words like “great”, “magnificent”, or “marvelous ”The French will say “pas mal” (not bad) even if they win the lottery! And you will be wrong if you think Europeans dont have their own negative idea of Americans. Most young Europeans Ive met view Americans as “fake” and loud, since we do tend to have big hellos and smiles for strangers and ask “how are you” and walk away before a response. We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course). I was still the one with the loudest laugh. And I could never quite get my voice to that level which is “loud enough for the waiter to hear but not nearby diners” I will always feel a bit like an awkward teenager as I stumble my way around Europe. I was very lucky in that my French friends insisted my American idiosyncrasies (习性) were charming and deserving of acceptance.So look at the French in a new light. They have a rich culture, a rich past. I can attest to the fact that if you are kind and polite, you will gain friends, and perhaps even improve foreign relations!1. According to the passage, what makes Americans think that the French are rude?2.Compared with Americans, the French tend to（ ）when they give compliments.3.Which of the flowing does the author probably agree?4.The main purpose of the passage can be best put as to（ ）.问题1选项A.The way French people greet strangers in public is impolite and unkind.B.The way French people behave differs from what Americans are used to.C.Few French hold a friendly or favorable attitude toward English speakers.D.Few French respond to strangers gentle and kind greetings favorably.问题2选项A.speak at a loud and dignified voiceB.avoid using negative expressionsC.choose subtle and moderate expressionsD.be generous and somewhat exaggerating问题3选项A.One should stick to his own culture when he communicates with foreigners.B.One should fully adapt to the cultural norms of a foreign country he lives in.C.One can keep some rules of his native culture when living in a foreign county.D.One can easily make friends with foreigners by learning their idiosyncrasies问题4选项A.explain a cultural concept by comparing two peoples behaviorsB.tell a true story based on the authors own experience in a foreign countryC.prove a popular view on a nation by use of logical reasoningD.refute a national stereotype with evidence from the authors own experience【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“I think Americans perceive French behavior rude because it doesnt follow American rules.”我认为美国人认为法国人的行为“粗鲁”，因为它不遵守美国的规则。A选项“法国人与陌生人在公众场合打招呼的方式是不礼貌和不友好的”，B选项“法国人与美国人的行为方式所习惯的不同”，C选项“很少有法国人对说英语的人持友好或有利的态度”。D选项“很少有法国人会亲切地问候陌生人”。因此，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段首句“Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified.”A选项“大声而庄重的说话”，B选项“避免使用消极的表达”，C选项“选择微妙和适度的表达”。D选项“慷慨一点，夸张一点”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文中的“I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course).” 在逗留期间，我没能完全忘记我的美国根。我仍然是那个在寒冷的天气里穿着凉鞋(当然是袜子)，被别人奇怪地看着的人。对应C选项“一个人在异国他乡生活时，可以保持一些本国文化的规则”。A选项“当一个人与外国人交流时，他应该坚持自己的文化”。“We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.”我们应该有意识地向法国人表明，我们能够适应我们的环境，我们不希望进入一个外国，一切都像我们希望的那样。可得知A选项错误。B选项“一个人应该完全适应他所生活的外国的文化规范”，完全适应过于绝对。D选项“通过了解外国人的性格特点，我们可以很容易地和他们交朋友”。原文没有提到。因此，C选项符合题意。4.作者意图题。题目问的是这篇文章的主要目的最好的解释是什么，定位到文章的首段“There are Americans who visit France and come back saying the French are so rude. I feel differently. ”有些美国人到法国旅游回来后说:“法国人太粗鲁了。”我感觉不一样。后文也是用自己的亲身经历来反驳这些美国人的观点。A选项“通过比较两个人的行为来解释一个文化概念”，B选项“根据作者自己在国外的经历讲一个真实的故事”，C选项“用逻辑推理证明一个国家的流行观点”，D选项“用作者自己的经验来反驳国家的刻板印象”。因此，D选项符合题意。5. 单选题Economic and financial globalization has lent important（ ）to economic growth in recent decades, especially in emerging markets.问题1选项A.motiveB.impulseC.impetusD.promotion【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motive“动机，原因，目的”，B选项impulse“冲动，心血来潮”，C选项impetus“动力，推动力，促进因素”，D选项promotion“提升，晋级”，句意:近几十年来，经济和金融全球化为经济增长提供了重要的推动力，特别是在新兴市场。因此，C选项符合句意。6. 单选题To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the cases on the map.问题1选项A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.pose【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项mark“标记”；B选项allocate“分配”；C选项erase“擦除”；D选项pose“摆姿势”。句意：为了研究某一地区内疾病的分布情况，在地图上标出病例是有用的。划线部分plot是标绘的意思。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1. The author is convinced that the eyes are（ ）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（ ）.3.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to（ ）.4.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（ ）.问题1选项A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB.something through which one can see a persons inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering.问题3选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题4选项A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.” 眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要，这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”，B选项“可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”，C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”，D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此，A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文，“Significantly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile.”值得注意的是，一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑，而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”，B选项“脸上戴着面具”，C选项“从侧面看脸”，D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.”如果对方没看，说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣，就会停下来等对方继续看他，或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”，B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”，C选项“不合时宜地停止眼神接触”，D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此，C选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞，A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”，B选项“不要打岔”，C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”，D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此，C选项符合题意。8. 单选题American and Chinese cultures are（1）in some ways. An American hostess,（2）for her culinary (烹调) skill, is likely to say, “Oh, Im so glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese hostess, who will instead（3）for giving you nothing even slightly（4）and for not showing you enough honor（5）providing proper dishes.The same rules hold true（6）children. American parents speak proudly of their childrens achievements, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; Americans（7）“straightforwardness”. This modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness（8）three refusals before one accepts an offer, and American hosts take a “no” to mean “non”, whether its the first, second, or third time.Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation, complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to change some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and（9）. My friend was angry that the Chinese had not taken his word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and（10）why the Americans had not studied up on cultural difference before coming to China. It would have saved everyone a lot of perplexity and needless frustration in their negotiations.问题1选项A.similarB.familiarC.oppositeD.adverse问题2选项A.complimentedB.compiledC.complementedD.commented问题3选项A.praiseB.apologizeC.be disappointedD.be satisfied问题4选项A.eligibleB.illegibleC.suitableD.edible问题5选项A.forB.onC.byD.in问题6选项A.regard forB.regard asC.regardless ofD.with regard to问题7选项A.inB.ofC.forD.on问题8选项A.calls onB.calls forC.calls upD.calls in问题9选项A.ambiguouslyB.roughlyC.definitelyD.arbitrarily问题10选项A.believedB.knewC.cautionedD.wondered【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar “相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的”；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项be disappointed“失望”；D选项be satisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合题意。4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。6.考查词组辨析。A选项regard for“对的注意”；B选项regard as“把认作”；C选项regardless of“不顾”；D选项with regard to“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对待孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。7.考查介词辨析。take pride in“以为傲”。此处对应了前文的take pride in，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查词组辨析。A选项calls on“访问”；B选项calls for“要求”；C选项calls up“召集”；D选项calls in“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处的意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。9. 单选题David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to who compete well.问题1选项A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题The top managers are full of（ ）toward the sales volume of mobile phones next year.问题1选项A.curiosityB.optimismC.passionD.attitude【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”，B选项optimism“乐观，乐观主义”，C选项passion“激情，热情”，D选项attitude“态度，看法”，句意：高级经理们对明年的手机销量非常乐观。因此，B选项符合句意。11. 单选题The supervisor didnt have time so far to go into it（ ）, but he gave us an idea about his plan.问题1选项A.at handB.in turnC.in conclusionD.at length【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项at hand“在手边，即将到来”；B选项in turn“轮流，依次”；C选项in conclusion“总之，最后”；D选项at length“详细地”。句意：导师目前没有时间进行详细说明，但他就自己的计划给了我们一个大概的看法。根据后半部分的“gave us an idea”可知，选项D符合语境。12. 单选题Assimilating the report in computing requires much time, for Im not specialized in this field.问题1选项A.DigestingB.IncorporatingC.ImitatingD.Compiling【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项Digesting“消化”；B选项Incorporating“包含”；C选项Imitating“模仿”；D选项Compiling“编辑”。句意：消化这篇计算方面的报告要花很多时间，因为我不是这方面的专家。划线部分Assimilating是消化、吸收的意思。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题When I（ ）my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.问题1选项A.woke upB.took toC.picked upD.came to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come to ones sense 意为“清醒过来；恢复理性”。句意：当我回过神来，发现自己正裹在小房间的床上，奶奶正俯身看着我。选项D符合语境。14. 单选题（ ）native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.问题1选项A.In spite ofB.That it isC.It wasD.Although【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项In spite of“尽管”，后应接名词；B选项That it is“那是”；C选项It was“这是”；D选项Although“尽管”。句意：虽然玉米原产于北美，但现在已遍布世界各地。如果状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，从而使句子更加简洁明了。在这句话中，从句中的主语也是corn，因此其主语corn和is可以省略。因此D选项正确。15. 单选题All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read（ ）letters from their families.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sentimental“多愁善感的”；B选项affectionate“深情的，充满爱的”；C选项intimate“亲密的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。根据句意可知，来自亲人的应该是深情的，充满爱的信件，所以选项B符合语境。16. 单选题There is a standard method（ ）officers are selected for promotion.问题1选项A.wherebyB.thatC.whereD.whereas【答案】B【解析】考查从句。A选项whereby“凭此，借以，由于”，B选项that“那个”，C选项where“哪里”，D选项whereas“然而，尽管”。句意：选拔军官晋升有一个标准的方法。因此, B选项符合句意。17. 单选题Gregory Currie, a professor of philosophy eat the University of Nottingham, recently argued in The New York Times that we ought not to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no “compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy” or other great books.Actually, there is such evidence. Raymond Mar, a psychologist at York University in Canada, and Keith Oatley, a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto, reported in studies published in 2006 and 2009 that individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize (起共鸣)with them and view the world from their perspective. This link persisted even after the researchers factored in the possibility that more empathetic individuals might choose to read more novels.Recent research in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading of books is a distinctive experience, very different from the information-driven reading we do on the Web. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A books lack of hyperlinks allows the reader to remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity, by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even increasing our real-life capacity for empathy.This is not reading as many young people are coming to know it. Their reading, mostly done onscreen, is pragmatic and instrumental. If we allow our children to believe reading onscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarge them as people. Instead molding our education around young peoples attachment to digital devices and onscreen habits, we need to show them some place theyve never been to, a place only deep reading can take them to.1. Prof, Gregory Currie argues that（ ）.2.The studies of Raymond Mar and Keith Oatley show that（ ）.3.Deep reading of paper books compared with reading on the web（ ）.4.It can be learned from the passage that the author（ ）.问题1选项A.literature doesnt show peoples moral or social standardsB.only good literature shows peoples moral and social valuesC.reading fiction wont improve people morally or sociallyD.only reading great books benefits people morally and socially问题2选项A.em