2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第87期

2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _ the welfare of his animals.问题1选项A.critical aboutB.indignant atC.indifferent toD.subject to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“爱挑剔的”；B选项“对感到愤怒”；C选项“冷漠，不关心的”；D选项“受支配”。句意：爱斯基摩人或许是所有印第安人里最值得信任和体贴的，但是他们看起来对动物的福利（ ）。从句意以及关键词But，后面半句要说爱斯基摩人的坏话，并且跟动物福利有关的。结合选项C选项最合适。2. 翻译题1. The Center for Media Research recently released a report about blogs. It says all studies agree that blogs are prevalent around the world.2. One study found that more than one hundred eighty million people around the world have started a blog. And more than three hundred forty million people around the world read blogs. Another study found bloggers in sixty-six countries on six continents. It found blogs in eighty-one languages.3. People in many professions, including the entertainment industry and news organizations are writing blogs. VOA writers are among them. Alex Belinda is the chief writer of the VOA news blog. 4. He discusses issues of freedom of the press and VOA programming. He also answers questions, comments and criticism from the public.5. On a recent blog, Mister Belinda (贝林达) wrote about VOAs rules demanding accuracy and objectivity. He wrote that VOA rules state that VOA reporters “do not speak for the United States government.” He also wrote that the idea that any government agency can tell VOA what to say is false.【答案】1. 媒体研究中心最近发布了一份关于博客的报告。它说，所有的研究都认为博客在世界各地都很流行。2. 一项研究发现，全世界有超过1.8亿人开始写博客。全世界有超过3.4亿人阅读博客。3. 许多行业的人，包括娱乐业和新闻机构的人都在写博客。美国之音记者也在其中。4. 他讨论了新闻自由和VOA节目的问题。他还回答公众的问题、评论和批评。5. 在最近的一篇博客中，贝琳达先生提到了美国之音要求准确性和客观性的规定。他写道，VOA规则规定，美国之音记者“不代表美国政府发言”。3. 单选题It is time we（ ） in bed.问题1选项A.should beB.wereC.will beD.are【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。it is time后面接虚拟语气，有两种表达方式，一种是should+动词原形，另一种是用过去式表将来时，所以答案A，B都可。4. 单选题He is too young to be able to _ between right and wrong.问题1选项A.discardB.discernC.disperseD.disregard【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“抛弃”；B选项“辨别，察觉”；C选项“分散”；D选项“不理睬”。句意：他太年轻了不能（）对与错。对错之间是需要判断的，所以答案选B。5. 单选题Surgical procedures have many risks _ in them.问题1选项A.attachedB.lyingC.inherentD.unseen【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项“附加的”；B选项“说谎的”；C选项“内在的，固有的”；D选项“看不见的”。句意：手术步骤本身（）会有很多风险。根据句意我们可以排除B选项；attached一般和介词to搭配，所以A排除；unseen一般指肉眼看不见的，没有“潜在的”的意思，代入句子中不符合句意，所以排除D；根据关键词in，我们应该选C。6. 不定项选择题Microsoft is no longer the worlds biggest company by market capitalization. There other U.S companies have overtaken the software giant in terms of stock market value. The firms value has gone down sharply by 41% so far this year, from nearly $600 billion to $358 billion. Much of the reason for the fall has been the uncertainty prompted by the on-going anti-trust case. It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $506 billion, Intel, worth $441 billion and Cisco Systems, $436 billion.Over the past year Microsoft shares have moved downwards from a high of $120 to $68 in early trading on 7 June. Meanwhile rival Cisco has seen its share price rise by $25 to more than $60 as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet. And for most of the year it has been competing with computer chip maker Intel for the second place. Intels Pentium chips are widely used in personal computers worldwide.The company that now holds the title of the world biggest company is an industrial giant which makes everything from toasters to jet engines. GE has sales of $110 billion nearly ten times that of Microsoft and 340,000 employees worldwide. It has seen its profits grow by 15% a year to $11 billion. GE Capital Services, its financial subsidiary, make up nearly half its sales. GE produces power generation systems, locomotive, medical imaging equipment and electrical appliances. It also own the U.S television network NBC and its financial news subsidiary, CNBC, and ironically, a joint venture with Microsoft to provide news on the Internet.Microsofts shares now face a further period of uncertainty as the companys legal battle continues. It could also face difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees whose pay has been boosted by their share options. The Seattle based firm is likely to go to an appeals court on any rulings. It could suffer further losses from lawsuits brought by competitors, who would be able to claim triple damages for any losses suffered. And with its energy and resources tied up in the lawsuits, the company may find it difficult to continue to innovate in the future, or move so aggressively to buy up competitors.1. Microsofts shares are devalued drastically owing to（ ）.2. Cisco Systems share price has risen considerably（ ）.3. Which is now the second biggest company in the United States?4. Which of the following companies is owned by General Electric and Microsoft together?5. Why is it difficult for Microsoft to retain employees?问题1选项A.fierce competition from rivalsB.its involvement in a lawsuitC.the court rulingsD.the decrease in sales volume问题2选项A.after it has overtaken part of Microsofts sharesB.after it has beaten Intel and risen to the second placeC.since it has gained a firm footing in the marketD.because it is developing jointly with Microsoft问题3选项A.General ElectricB.IntelC.Cisco SystemsD.GE Capital Services问题4选项A.GE Capital ServicesB.NBCC.CNBCD.MSNBC问题5选项A.Because it faces an uncertain future.B.Because it will have problem innovating itself.C.Because it will have problem paying them.D.Because it may be bought up by its competitors one day.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：微软公司市值急剧下降的原因是。A选项“与对手的激烈竞争”；B选项“卷入到一场诉讼中”C选项“法院裁决”；D选项“销售量的下降”根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句话Much of the reason for the fall has been the uncertainty prompted by the on-going anti-trust case.（股价下跌的主要原因是正在进行的反垄断案引发的）。所以答案是B，文中没有提到法院的裁决所以不能选C。第2题:事实细节题。题干：思科系统公司的股价上升。A选项“在它超过了微软的部分股份之后”；B选项“在击败英特尔并上升到第二位之后”；C选项“因为它已经在市场上站稳了脚跟”；D选项“因为它是和微软合作开发的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet.（当该公司已经在为互联网提供硬件方面获得了自己的角色），C选项是这句话的同义替换，所以答案选C；文中没有提及股价上升的具体时间也没有说该公司加入了微软，所以A、B、D选项错误。第3题:事实细节题。题干：那个公司是现在美国第二大的公司。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $506 billion, Intel, worth $441 billion and Cisco Systems, $436 billion.（它已经被价值5060亿美元的通用电气、价值4410亿美元的英特尔和价值4360亿美元的思科系统所超越。）微软原本是第一，后来被这三家公司超过，排在第二的是因特尔公司，所以答案选B。第4题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪一家公司是通用电气和微软共同拥有的？根据题干定位到第三段最后一句and its financial news subsidiary, CNBC, and ironically, a joint venture with Microsoft to provide news on the Internet.（以及它的金融新闻子公司CNBC，讽刺的是，这是它与微软成立的一家提供互联网新闻的合资公司。），因此答案选C。第5题:判断推理题。题干：为什么微软很难留住员工？A选项“因为他们面临一个不确定的未来”B选项“因为他们很难做到创新”；C选项“因为它将发不出工资”；D选项“因为总有一天它会被对手买下”根据题干定位到最后一段第二句话It could also face difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees whose pay has been boosted by their share options.（该公司还可能在招聘和留住员工方面面临困难，这些员工的工资由他们的股票期权推动）和第四句话It could suffer further losses from lawsuits brought by competitors, who would be able to claim triple damages for any losses suffered.（如果竞争对手提起诉讼，它可能会遭受更大的损失，而竞争对手则可以就其遭受的任何损失要求三倍的赔偿）。从这两句可以看出员工工资随着股票的涨动而动，但是微软可能还会遭受另一些诉讼，所以答案选A，C选项文章没有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句话And with its energy and resources tied up in the lawsuits, the company may find it difficult to continue to innovate in the future, or move so aggressively to buy up competitors.（由于公司的能源和资源都被官司缠身，该公司可能会发现在未来很难继续创新，或采取激进的行动收购竞争对手。）由此可知文章指的是微软现在已经不能把对手买下了，不是被对手买下，所以错误；而不能创新不是不能留住员工的原因，所以C不能选。7. 单选题These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _ in traditional media.问题1选项A.existB.existsC.existingD.to exist【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。than可以做定语从句的关系代词。在此用法中than既充当比较作用，又充当代词作用，代替前面的the use and copying of digital information，主语是复数，谓语动词用原型，所以A选项正确。句意：这些提案寻求在数字信息的使用和复制上给予比在传统媒体的使用和复制上更多的限制。8. 单选题By contrast, American mothers were more likely（ ） their childrens success（ ）natural talent.问题1选项A.to contribute.toB.to attribute.inC.to attributetoD.to contributein【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：相反地，美国母亲更倾向于把他们孩子的成功（）天生的才能。这里根据固定搭配排除B、D；contribute to“有助于，促成”；attribute to“归因于”，这里结合句意，答案应该选C，把自己孩子的成功归因于天生的才能。9. 单选题I can speak French a little but（ ）you.问题1选项A.not as good asB.not so well thanC.not so better asD.not so well as【答案】D【解析】词组辨析。句意：我会讲一点点法语但是（）你。这里属于同级比较，所以排除B，C。这里的谓语动词是speak，所以要用副词well修饰，答案选D。在否定句里，good的同级比较是so good as，所以A不能选。10. 不定项选择题A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctor conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this years epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed.“It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review,” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways,” He said.In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different setting and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations have made it hard to interpret results.Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators （呼吸器）to help patients breathe, is the mainstay（主要支持）of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information,” Dr. Mardel said, nothing that a lot of data have not been published.The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations.1. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for（ ）.2. According to the passage, it is difficult to interpret the results of certain treatments for SARS because（ ）.3. According to doctors, the two methods to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties both（ ）.4. According to a WHO official, Dr. Mardel, the guidelines were flexible because（ ）.5. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collectedB.conducting clinical studies of SARS patientsC.determining treatment for SARSD.publishing all the information about SARS问题2选项A.patients were in different countriesB.patients were given medicines in widely different settingsC.patients were at different stages of the illnessD.these conditions had no standardized measurements or controlled situations问题3选项A.carry the risk of infecting hospital employeesB.are effective in curing patients who have breathing difficultiesC.dont run the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employeesD.prove to work effectively and cause no harm.问题4选项A.SARS would reemerge in poor countriesB.no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would returnC.SARS would not appear in developed countriesD.no one knew whether SARS would return or not问题5选项A.SARS, a Dreadful DiseaseB.No Good Methods to Treat SARSC.SARS Will Return One DayD.Health panel Recommends New Guidelines on SARS【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：科学小组推荐的指南可以用于。A选项“收集关于各种治疗方法的潜在有用信息”；B选项“对SARS患者进行临床研究”；C选项“确定SARS的治疗方法”；D选项“发布有关SARS的所有信息”。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第一句A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctor conducting clinical studies of SARS patients.（上周五，世界卫生组织（WHO）召集的一个科学小组向医生推荐了对SARS患者进行临床研究的指导方针。）由此可知选项B符合题意。第2题:事实细节题。根据文章，解释SARS的某些治疗结果是很难的，因为。A选项“病人在不同的国家”；B选项“患者在不同的环境下服用药物”；C选项“患者处于不同的疾病阶段”；D选项“这些条件没有标准化的测量或控制情况”。根据题干定位到第三段第二句话In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different setting and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations have made it hard to interpret results.（在今年早些时候的疫情中，在不同的环境和国家，在紧急情况下，为不同阶段的患者提供各种治疗。这些情况通常没有标准化的测量或控制的情况使得解释结果变得困难），由此答案选D，其他选项是来描述在什么情况下患者接受了什么样的治疗，不是结果难以解释的原因。第3题:事实细节题。题干：根据医生所说，两种导致病人有呼吸困难的治疗SARS的方法都。A选项“有感染医院员工的风险”；B选项“对有呼吸困难的病人有效”；C选项“不要冒将病毒传染给医院员工的风险”；D选项“证明有效，没有造成伤害”。根据题干定位到第四段倒数第三句Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees（两者都有将病毒传播给医院员工的风险），因此答案选A。第4题:【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：根据世卫组织官员马戴尔博士所说，这份指导方针很灵活因为。A选项“SARS将在贫穷国家重新出现”；B选项“没有人知道非典会在什么地方、什么时候、在什么情况下卷土重来”；C选项“非典不会出现在发达国家”；D选项“没有人知道非典是否会卷土重来”。根据关键词定位到最后一段第三句话Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return.（马戴尔博士说，他们是灵活的，因为没人知道非典会在什么时候、在什么地方卷土重来。），所以答案选B。第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“SARS，一个可怕的病毒”；B选项“治疗SARS没有好的方法”；C选项“SARS总有一天会卷土重来”；D选项“健康小组推荐新的SARS指南” 根据第一段第一句话和最后一段第一句话A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on（由世界卫生组织召集的一个科学小组建议的指导方针）和The panel also agreed on guidelines that（该小组还赞同指导方针）可知全文围绕的主题是指导方针，而不是如何治疗SARS，所以答案选D。11. 不定项选择题Paradise Lost is Miltons masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about “the fall of man”, that is, how Adam and Eve are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Miltons words, the purpose of writing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men”, but apparently, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of cruelness of the ruler in the poem. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritans （清教徒的）revolt against the dictator and against the established Catholics and the Anglican Church.In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish ruler, seated on a throne with a group of angels about him singing songs to praise him. His long speeches are not pleasing at all. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are stupid. But Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, who rises against God and, though defeated, still persists in his fighting.Adam and Eve shows Miltons belief in the power of man. God denies them a chance to pursue for knowledge. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to an intelligent and active life. It has been noted by many critics that Miltons revolutionary feelings makes him forget religious doctrines. The angels who surround the God never think of expressing any opinions of their own, and they never seem to have any opinions of their own. The image of God surrounded by such angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch. But Satan and his followers, who freely discuss all issues in council, remind us of a Republican Parliament.1. This passage is most probably（ ）.2. According to the passage, Milton（ ） .3. In the poem, Satan is described as（ ） .4. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from this passage?5. According to this passage, Paradise Lost is written for the purpose of（ ） .问题1选项A.a review of Miltons Paradise LostB.an introduction of what Paradise Lost is aboutC.a depiction of the cruelness of the British rulerD.part of an introduction to English literature问题2选项A.describes Satan as a PuritanB.doesnt believe in GodC.is satisfied with the British rulerD.calls on people to fight against the dictator问题3选项A.an evil personB.contrary to what is depicted in the BibleC.a selfish and cruel devilD.a stupid ghost问题4选项A.If Adam and Eve had not eaten the forbidden fruit, human being would be ignorant until now.B.God acts like a dictator.C.Satan and his followers are parliament members in the poem.D.The angels are depicted as stupid in the poem.问题5选项A.praising God for the creation of the worldB.criticizing the cruelness of British rulerC.changing peoples unfavorable impression of SatanD.expressing his support for the fight of Satan【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。A选项“弥尔顿失乐园的书评”；B选项“对失乐园内容的介绍”；C选项“对英国残暴统治者的描写”；D选项“英国文学导论的一部分”。全文都是围绕失乐园来展开的，第一段是对失乐园的简介以及作者写这本书的目的；第二段描述了上帝和撒旦的性格以及他们有什么现实象征；最后一段写了亚当和夏娃象征意义还表达了作者自己的看法。由此可见答案选A。第2题:判断推理题。A选项“弥尔顿把撒旦描述成了清教徒”；B选项“不信上帝”；C选项“对英国统治者很满意”；D选项“号召人们反对独裁者”。根据第二段第一句话In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish ruler（在这首诗中，上帝不过是一个残忍自私的统治者）以及第三段第一句Adam and Eve shows Miltons belief in the power of man（亚当和夏娃显示了弥尔顿对人的力量的信仰），由此答案选B。A，D选项文章没有提及，C选项错误。第3题:判断推理题。A选项“撒旦是坏人”；B选项“和圣经描述的不一样”；C选项“一个自私且残酷的恶魔”；D选项“愚蠢的恶鬼”。根据题干定位到文章第一段最后一句话By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritans revolt against the dictator and against the established Catholics and the Anglican Church（通过描绘撒旦和他的追随者们以及他们的话语和勇敢的行动，弥尔顿表明清教徒反抗独裁者和反对既定的天主教和英国圣公会教堂），从这里可以看出，作者对撒旦的行为是欣赏的，而A、C、D选项都是反义选项，所以答案选B。第4题:判断推理题。A选项“如果亚当和夏娃没有吃禁果，人类到现在还会无知”；B选项“上帝表现得像独裁者”；C选项“撒旦和他的追随者在诗中是议会成员”；D选项“在这首诗中天使被描绘得很愚蠢”。根据题干定位到第三段第二三句话God denies them a chance to pursue for knowledge. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to an intelligent and active life.（上帝不给他们追求知识的机会。正是对知识的渴望为人类开辟了一条通往智慧和积极生活的宽阔道路），由此可以推测，如果不是人类自己努力，上帝是不可能主动给他们带来智慧的，所以A可以推测；定位到第二段第一句话In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish ruler（在这首诗中，上帝不过是一个残忍自私的统治者），从这里便可推测出B选项；定位到第三段最后一句话But Satan and his followers, who freely discuss all issues in council, remind us of a Republican Parliament（但是撒旦和他的追随者，在会议中自由地讨论所有问题，让我们想起共和党的议会）从这里我们不能推测出撒旦及其追随者是议会成员，只能说作者暗指撒旦及其追随者是现实中的议会成员，所以答案选C；定位到第二段倒数第二句话His angels are stupid（他的天使很愚蠢），从这里就可以知道D。第5题:判断推理题。A选项“赞美上帝创造了世界”；B选项“批评英国统治者的残暴”；C选项“改变人们对撒旦的不良印象”；D选项“表达他对与撒旦战斗的支持”。定位到第一段第二句话In Miltons words, the purpose of writing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men”，but apparently, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of cruelness of the ruler in the poem（用弥尔顿的话说，写这部史诗的目的是“为上帝对待人类的方式辩护”，但显然，弥尔顿在诗中表达了他对统治者残忍的强烈憎恨），由此可知答案选B。A选项错误，因为全文描写的是对上帝的批判，没有赞美上帝；C、D选项文中没有提及。12. 单选题Everything in the universe undergoes（ ） development and change.问题1选项A.constantB.continualC.continuousD.endless【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constant“不变的，经常的”；B选项continual“持续不断的”；C选项continuous“连续的，持续的”；D选项endless“无限的”。句意：世界上