2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷16

2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Researchers are trying to tell parents something about what kinds of video games children should be playing and how much time they should spend doing it. A new study concludes what youve already suspected: Young boys who play video games do worse on tests than children who dont. Researchers who followed 64 boys from the ages of 6 to 9 for four months discovered that those who received a new PlayStation II gaming system earned lower reading and writing test scores than children who did not get the video game player. This comes on the heels of another recently reported study about video games, which concluded that kids who play violent video games become more aggressive and less caring regardless of age, sex or culture than young people who dont play these games.The study on the effects of video games on schoolwork was conducted by Denison University associate professors Rebert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky, who graduated from Denison in 2008. It is called Effects of Video-Game Ownership on Young Boys Academic and Behavioral Functioning, and will be published in Psychological Science.Boys who received the system also showed greater teacher-reported academic problems at follow-up than children in the comparison group. The researchers followed 64 young boys over four months. Parents of the 64 were promised a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation, plus three E rated games. But half the families were given the video gaming system immediately and half were promised it after four months. The children underwent a battery of tests before and after the four months and parents and teachers answered questions about how the boys behaved in school and at home.The conclusions show that, boys who were the first to get the Play Stations spent more time playing video games than the boys who didnt get it immediately39.3 minutes versus 9.3 minutes. (The boys who didnt get the gaming system right away played at a friends house). Boys who were given the Play Stations right away spent 18.2 minutes a day in after-school academic activities versus 31.6 minutes for the kids who werent. The boys who had the video games immediately achieved lower reading and writing test scores than those who didnt. But the Play Stations seemed to have no effect on the boys math and problem solving skills.Cerankosky said in a statement on the Denison University Web site that there isnt necessarily something inherent in video games that negatively affect kids. Its an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on school work,” she said. If you are wondering why we needed a study to tell us that, the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation.1.The first paragraph implies that Evaluation is needed before buying children video games. T/F2.According to researchers, a new PlayStation II gaming system helped students improve their reading and writing test scores. T/F3.The effect on young girls who play violent video games proves to be less serious than that on young boys who play the same violent video games. T/F4.The two researchers on the effects of video games on schoolwork are Denison University graduates. T/F5.Parents of the 64 boys who were chosen for the study were immediately given a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation. T/F6.The 64 boys chosen were given a series of tests before and after the four-months research. T/F7.The boys who didnt get the gaming system right away played at a friends house, but they played it for a much shorter time. T/F8.The boys who had the video games immediately achieved much lower test scores on math than those who didnt. T/F9.The study shows if kids spent the time on schoolwork that they wasted on games, they could do better on reading and writing. T/F10.The researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always correct. T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.第一段提到 “A new study concludes what youve already suspected: Young boys who play video games do worse on tests than children who dont. 一项新的研究证实了人们怀疑的事情：玩电子游戏的男孩在测试中比不玩电子游戏的孩子考试成绩更差。”可推断“在为小孩买电子游戏前需要进行评估”陈述正确。2.第一段提到“.who received a new PlayStation II gaming system earned lower reading and writing test scores than children who did not get the video game player.收到新的 PlayStation II游戏系统的孩子比没有收到该游戏系统的孩子在阅读和写作测试上的得分较低”可推断“研究者称新的PlayStation II游戏系统帮助学生提高了阅读和写作测 试的得分”的陈述不正确。3.第一段提到“kids who play violent video games become more aggressive and less caringregardless of age, sex or culture than young people who dont play these games.玩暴力电子游戏的孩子不论年龄、性别或文化背景相比没有玩这些游戏的孩子会变得更有侵略性、更没有同情心”可知“暴力游戏对小孩的影响不分性别”， 故该陈述“事实证明，对玩暴力电子游戏的年轻女孩的影响不如玩同样暴力电子游戏的年轻男孩严重。”不正确。4.第二段提到“.Denison University associate professors Rebert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky, who graduated from Denison in 2008丹尼森大学副教授Rebert Weis和在2008年毕业于丹尼森大学的Brittany Cerankosky”。“who graduated from Denison in 2008.” 只是 Brittany Cerankosky 的后置定语，由此可推断“Rebert Weis和Brittany Cerankosky两位研究人员并不都是丹尼森大学的毕业生”，故该陈述不正确。5.第三段提到“But half the families were given the video gaming system immediately and half were promised it after four months.但是，一半的家庭是马上给予这个视频游戏系统，而另外一半的家庭是许诺在四个月以后给予该视频游戏系统”可推断该陈述“这64名被选中的参加这项研究的孩子父母立即获得了PlayStation II游戏系统，以此作为孩子们参与的条件。”不正确。6.第三段提到“The children underwent a battery of tests before and after the four months. 孩子们在四个月前后接受了一系列的测试” 可推断该陈述“这64名被选中的男孩在四个月的研究前后接受了一系列测试。”正确。7.倒数第二段第一-句提到 “首先得到Play Stations游戏系统的小孩相比没有马 上得到该游戏系统的小孩花更多时间玩视频游戏，前者花在游戏上的时间是39.3分钟， 而在朋友家玩游戏的后者用在游戏上的时间是9.3分钟”，可推断该陈述“尽管那些没有马上拿到游戏系统的男孩在朋友家玩，但他们玩的时间要短得多”正确。8.倒数第二段提到“ But the Play Stations seemed to have no effect on the boys math and problem solving skills.但是，Play Stations视频游戏系统似乎对男孩的数学成绩和解决问题的能力没有影响。” 可推断该陈述“马上得到视频游戏的男孩相比没有得到视频游戏的 那些男孩取得更低的数学测试得分”不正确。9.最后一段提到“there isnt necessarily something inherent in video games that negatively affect kids视频游戏本身并没有对小孩产生负面影响的东西”、“Its an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on schoolwork.它( 即视频游戏 ) 这是一项活动，它减少了可以花在功课上的时间”可推断该陈述“这项研究表明，如果孩子们把时间花在学习上，而不是浪费在游戏上，他们的阅读和写作可以更好。”正确。10.最后一段提到“the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation. 研究人员说，传统的智慧并不总是准确的，通过实验来验证这些观点很重要。” 可推断该陈述“研究人员认为传统智慧并不总是正确”正确。2. 单选题When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filled up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.” He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump. “The more they buy, the more we lose,” said Randolph, who manages Mr. Eds Chevron in St. Albans. “Gas prices go up, and our profits go down.” His complaints target the so-called interchange fee, a percentage of the sale price paid to credit card companies on every transaction. The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services. As gas tops $4 a gallon, that pushes fees toward 10 cents a gallon. Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.In a good month, Randolphs small operation would yield a $60 profit on gasoline sales. But thats been buried as soaring prices forced the station to pay about $500 a month in interchange fees. “At these prices, people arent making any money,” said Jeff Lenard, spokesman for the Alexandria, Va.-based National Association of Convenience Stores. “Its brutal.” Lenards group reports convenience stores paid roughly $7.6 billion in credit card fees last year, while making $3.4 billion in profits.The credit card companies say fees are just part of the cost of doing business. MasterCard has capped interchange fees for gas purchases of $50 or more, said company spokeswoman Sharon Gamsin. Accepting MasterCard also gives gas stations “increased sales, greater security and convenience, lower labor costs, and speed for their customers at the pump,” Gamsin said in an e-mail to The Associated Press. Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump,” the company said in a statement to the AP.1. Why do some gas station owners no longer accept credit cards?2.What is the average interchange fee paid by gas station owners?3.How much profit does the average gas station owner make on a gallon of gas?4.Visa believes that allowing customers to pay with a credit card offers（ ）to everyone involved.5. When profits are shrinking, they are（ ）.问题1选项A.They are afraid of outdated cards.B.They prefer the instant gratification of getting cash.C.They are afraid of credit fraud.D.They do not want to pay high credit card fees.问题2选项A.About $4.B.About 2%.C.About $60.D.11 to 12 cents.问题3选项A.About 2%.B.About $ 4.C.11 to 12 cents.D.About $60.问题4选项A.tangible threatsB.tangible benefitsC.uncertaintyD.inconvenience问题5选项A.decreasingB.holding steadyC.increasingD.undulating【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “no longer accept credit cards” 可以定位到文章第一段中 “When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filed up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.”译为：当加油站经理Roger Randolph发现，在4美元一加仑汽油的情况下，每当有人选择加满时，他都会出现负利润，于是他在加油站挂上了“不支持使用信用卡”的标示，以及 “He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump.”译为：也许他是西弗吉尼亚州第一位禁止使用信用卡的人，但是全国各地加油站经营者都曾指出过汽油价格的上涨意味着需要支付的信用卡费用更多，因此实际上是对加油站利益的一种压榨。由此可以推断出答案选D。2.细节事实题。由题干中关键词 “average interchange fee”可以定位到文章第一段 “The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services.” 译为：这个比率是固定的，通常不超过2%，但是随着商品和服务价格上涨，这部分费用的总量也会增加。可推断出答案选B。3.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.” 译为：现在，加油站通常在成本的基础上将每一加仑的汽油加价11-12美分，但是它们的利润正在缩水，甚至出现负利润。由此推断答案选C。4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段中Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump”，译为：维萨卡方面称，信用卡交换费是可以与其带给加油站和顾客的实实在在的利益相抵消的，例如在加油站的支付能力。由此可推断出答案选B。5.词汇题。根据题干关键词 “shrinking” 定位到文章中第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.”由此可推断出shrink是指利润减少。因此推断出答案选A。3. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But in fact it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.What is the main idea of the passage?2.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.The word daunting in the third paragraph means（ ）.5.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?问题1选项A.Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B.Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C.The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D.Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment问题2选项A.The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B.The development of factories.C.Relief from housework on the part of women.D.Development of modern means of transportation.问题3选项A.most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of timeB.many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedC.in pre-industrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by womenD.some of the changes in work patterns that the industrial age brought have been reversed问题4选项A.shockingB.interestingC.confusingD.stimulating问题5选项A.Create situations in which people work for themselves.B.Treat employment as the norm.C.Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.D.Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项“就业在17和18世纪变得广泛。”，B项“失业仍将是工业化国家的一个主要问题。”，C项“工业时代可能即将结束。”，这三个选项均为文章中所阐述的一个细节，而非主旨；D项“应该做出一些努力、提供一些资源，帮助更多的人处理失业问题”，文章最后一段提到“The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.现在当然是时候把一些努力和资源从为所有人创造就业机会的理想目标上转移到帮助许多没有全职工作的人也能生活的紧急实用任务上来”可推断D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“十七和十八世纪的圈地”，文章第四段第一句有提到，B项“工厂的发展”， D项“现代交通工具的发展”，文章第四段第二、三句有提到这两个选项；C项“妇女家务活减少”在原文中没有提及，故选C项。3.事实细节题。A项“大多数接受调查的人认为，失业问题可能不会在短时间内得到解决”，文章第一段提到“Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. “民意调查现在开始显示，不管是谁，不管从现在开始发生什么，高失业率可能会继续存在。”可推断A项正确。B项“许多农民在修建新铁路和工厂时失去了土地”，文章第四段第一句提到“很多人在17至18世纪的圈地运动时失去土地”， 故B不正确；C项“在前工业化时期，家务和社区服务主要由妇女进行”，文章倒数第三段第二句提到 “In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.在前工业化时期，男人和女人分担家庭和农村公社的生产工作”可推断“mainly carried out by women”与原文不符；D项“工业时代带来的工作模式的一些变化已经逆转”，文章第三段提到 “The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. 工业时代现在可能即将结束，它所带来的一些工作模式的变化不得不被倒过来”可推断D项中“have been reversed已经被倒过来”不正确，故选A。4.词汇题。A项“可怕的”；B项“有趣的”；C项“令人困惑的”；D项“刺激的”。文章第三段提到“The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. 工业时代现在可能即将结束，它所带来的一些工作模式的变化不得不被倒过来”可推断“This seems a daunting thought.这似乎是一个想法” daunting为“这种想法是令人害怕或生畏的”最符合题意，故选A。5.事实细节题。A项“创造为自己工作的条件”，文章第二段提到“Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer?我们难道不应该创造条件让我们中的很多人为自己工作而不是为雇主吗？ ” 可知A项有被建议。C项“努力恢复以家庭和邻里为生产中心的模式”，文章第二段提到“Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? 我们难道不应该把家庭、社区、工厂和办公室作为生产和工作的中心来振兴吗？”可知C项有被建议；D项“鼓励人们在正常工作条件以外的情况下工作”，文章第二段提到“Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work?我们难道不应该支持很多方式让有自尊心的人去工作吗？”可知D 项有被建议；B项“视就业为常态”，文章第二段中“Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? 我们应该继续将就业当成惯例？ ”从作者的语气中可推断“将就业当成常态”没有被建议，故选B。4. 单选题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where altitudes are concerned（1） .In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. （2） , having given his wife her “housekeeping”，would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow. （3） .In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. （4） . They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations.（5） As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups. 问题1选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis