2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷11

2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.While absorbing the outstanding achievements of foreign cultures, we cannot be satisfied with simple imitation. Indulgence in simple imitation would deprive us of creativity so that we will not be able to achieve a new artistic sophistication or present our own excellent works to the world. Simple imitation cannot be equated to new conception at all. The latter is a combination of modem and traditional style, a combination of foreign nations and our own nations characteristics, and a combination of artistic and educational quality.Peace and development are the two main themes of the world today. Maintaining global peace, enhancing friendship and cooperation, and promoting common development are the common aspirations of all peoples. At present, worldwide stability and development are threatened by such serious problems as poverty, unemployment, refugee flows, crimes, population explosion, environmental degradation, drug abuse, and terrorism. Though different in their national conditions, China said western countries share broad common interests on a wide range of major international issues. I am happy to see the improvement and expansion of Chinas relations with them. The Chinese Government and people stand ready to make a contribution to the lofty cause of peace and development together with the governments and peoples of all countries, including those of western countries, on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit.【答案】在吸收外国文化的优秀成果时，我们不能满足于单纯的模仿。沉溺于单纯模仿会让我们失去创造力，致使我们无法达到一个新的艺术程度或向世界展示我们自己的优秀作品。单纯的模仿无法等同于新观念。后者是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是外国特色与本国特色的结合，是艺术素质与教育素质的结合。和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平、增进友谊与合作、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民流动、犯罪、人口爆炸、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等严重问题威胁着世界的稳定和发展。中国表示，尽管西方各国国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上有着广泛的共同利益。我很高兴看到中国与他们的关系得到改善与发展。中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.自新中国成立以来，南京发生的巨大而深刻的变化令人欢欣鼓舞。从1949年4 月23日开始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作， 把古城南京装扮得面貌一新，特别是近十几年，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工作、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代化城市焕发出勃勃英姿。南京，这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么可爱！“儿时”的可爱是“无知”。那时侯，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科学家 和大哲学家，每天在发现什么新的现象，新的真理。现在呢？什么都已经知道了， 熟悉了，每个人的脸都已经看厌了。宇宙和社会是那么陈旧，无味，虽然它们其实比“儿时”新鲜得多了。我于是想念“儿时”，祷告“儿时 不能够前进的吋候， 就愿意退后几步,替自己恢复己经走过的前途。请求“无知”回来，给我求知的快乐。【答案】Great and profound changes have taken place in Nanjing since the foundation of New China. The common people have become the genuine masters of this old city since April 23, 1949. The people of Nanjing who have been working hard on their own land have given this age-old city a new appearance. Especially for the past ten years or more, Chinas reform and opening-up policy has brought more fresh vigor to this beautiful and famous city. New jobs, efficient transportation networks extending in all directions, picturesque city construction, prosperous tertiary industries and various and colorful cultural lives, have added charm and vitality to this modern city which retains somehow the features of an ancient capital. How lovely Nanjinga historic and cultural city which is old and young is!The childhoods loveliness is ignorant. During that period, everything was new to us, and every day we could be a great scientist or philosopher; each day we discovered new phenomena and new truths. How about now? Now everything is familiar to us, but were tired of looking at everybodys face. The universe and society are so old and tasteless, although they are much fresher than childhood. Then I miss my childhood and pray for it. When we cannot advance any more, we like to take a few steps back to restore the future we have passed. We ask for the return of “childish ignorance” to let us re-experience the joy of knowledge-seeking.3. 单选题In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. “Were worried about our teachers and principals, and we really dont want to lose them because of this,” one parent said. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent（有偿付能力的）They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize its impossible for them to solve this problem.The 22.000-studcnt district discovered the shortage last month, “Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing up a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll（工资单）to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.District officials also took$ 1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38 schools.At Coffmans request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the districts finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.In Frederick, students parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the districts $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.“We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.”At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum（论坛）.“Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”1.What has happened to the Vrain School District?2.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?3.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is（ ）.4.Why did Coffman request an investigation?5.Three high School students started a website in order to（ ）.问题1选项A.A huge financial problem has arisen.B.Many schools there are mismanaged.C.Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D.Many administrative personnel have been laid off问题2选项A.They felt somewhat helpless about it.B.They accused those responsible for it.C.They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D.They demanded a thorough investigation.问题3选项A.unavoidableB.unthinkableC.insolvableD.irreversible问题4选项A.To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B.To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C.To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D.To stop the voters approving the $212 million bond issue.问题5选项A.attract greater public attention to their needsB.appeal to the public for contributions and donationsC.expose officials who neglected their dutiesD.keep people properly informed of the crisis【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain学区发生的事情是”。文章第一段提到“Vrain学区试图去解决因管理不当导致的1380万美金的预算短缺”（In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement），因此选项A“一个巨大的财政问题”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain校区的居民应对预算短缺的方式是”。文章第一段提到当地居民正在帮助老师和管理人员（residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators），选项C“帮助一起解决问题”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在财政部长迈克卡夫麦看来，教育预算短缺是”。文章第三段中“这太不寻常了。没有人想到会发生这样的事情”(Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level)，因此选项B“不能想象的”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么卡夫麦要求进行调查”。文章第六段提到“他想知道是否地方官员将预算短缺隐瞒”（he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage），因此选项A“想弄清是否对财政问题进行了掩盖”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“三名高中生建立了一个网站来”。文章最后一段提到“谣言以光速扩散”“我们想知道真相，并把它公之于众”（“Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”），选项D“让人们知道危机”符合题意。4. 单选题The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.1.In the 2ndparagraph, the statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” suggest that（ ）.2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?4.Which of the following phrases in the last paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment?5.What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?问题1选项A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties.C.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s.D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.问题2选项A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.问题3选项A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Traveling salesmen.问题4选项A.Hum away continuouslyB.Climatically almost unnecessary.C.Artificially-cooled space.D.With mild temperatures.问题5选项A.NeutralB.CriticalC.ObjectiveD.Compromising【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段中，我的童年没有冰箱，但我吃得不错并且很健康意味着”。文章第二段提到了没有冰箱的那几十年，作者吃得很好，也很健康，送牛奶的人每天都来，食品商、屠夫、面包师傅等一周来两三次，东西没有被浪费，也没有变质（Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food），因此选项A符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者为什么说在冰箱发明之前没有任何东西被浪费”。文章第二段提到了没有冰箱的那几十年，作者吃得很好，也很健康，送牛奶的人每天都来，食品商、屠夫、面包师傅等一周来两三次。肉可以从星期日吃到星期三，剩余的面包和牛奶变成了各种小蛋糕。东西没有被浪费，也没有变质。由此可知在冰箱发明之前人们掌握了怎样处理剩余食物的方法，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“在作者看来，哪类人从冰箱的发明中受益最少”。文章第三段提到冰箱的发明并没有对食物的保存起太大作用（The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation），真正的作用是促进了市场营销，硬件、电力、各种饮料、肉类等等，由此可知从中获益最少的是消费者，选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪句话表明了冰箱对于环境的危害”。文章最后一段提到“冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，但是它对人类幸福的贡献却微不足道你可能会想念汉堡包，但至少你能摆脱那可怕的嗡嗡声”（The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation），由此可知选项A“持续不断的噪音”符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对冰箱的态度”。文章第二段作者提及自己亲身经历：没有冰箱吃得很好并且很健康。接着又谈到了冰箱的发明并没有对食物的保存起很大作用，并且认为很多地方是不需要冰箱的，由此可知作者对冰箱是持批判态度的。选项B符合题意。5. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.南京拥有两千四百多年建城史，是全国首批公布的历史文化名城之一。全市有国家级文物保护单位27处，其中，明孝陵己被列为世界文化遗产。600多年前建成的明城墙，现存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最长的古城墙。南京现有12个项目被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录，南京云锦、金陵刻经被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。农历八月十五是我国传统的中秋节。八月十五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。 中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征。相传我国古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制，在民间，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的风俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月祌的祭品，后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼，作为家人团圆的象征。月饼的制作从唐代以后越来越考究，精美的饼面图案不但烘托了中秋佳节的祥和气氛，而且也增加了节日的诗情画意。【答案】Nanjing, with a history of more than 2,400 years, is one of the first released batch of the historical and cultural cities in China. There are 27 state-level cultural relics protection units, among which, Ming Tomb has been listed as a world cultural heritage. Built more than 600 years ago, the wall of the Ming Tomb, with an existing length of 25.091 kilometers, is the longest preserved ancient wall in the world. Nanjing currently has 12 projects enlisted in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list, among of which both Nanjing Brocade and Jinling Carving are selected into world intangible cultural heritage list.The Lunar August 15th is the traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. It is called Mid-autumn Festival because lunar August 15th is just in the middle of the autumn. On the night of the Mid-Autumn festival, the moon is bright. The ancient people regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion. According to the legend, ancient Chinese emperors had the rite of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. And even the ordinary people also had rituals of worshiping the sun or moon every Mid-Autumn day. Moon cakes were originally offered as sacrifices to worship the moon. Later, people made admiring the moon and tasting the moon cakes as a symbol of family reunion. Since the Tang Dynasty, the production of moon cakes has become more and more exquisite. The beautiful pictures on it not only foil the peaceful atmosphere of Mid-Autumn festival, but also add the poetic meaning to the festival.6. 单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They good-natured, co-operative creatures and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr.de waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumber).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to cat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female Capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, arc guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a cooperative, group living specie. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by（ ）.2.The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph 1) implies that （ ）.3.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they（ ）.4.Dr. Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys（ ）.5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB.resenting unfairness is also monkeys natureC.monkeys, like humans , tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions问题3选项A.more inclined to weigh what they getB.attentive to researcher instructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions问题4选项A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy when separated from others问题5选项A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到每个人都希望加薪，但是当知晓别人加的工资比自己要多时愉悦感消失殆尽（Yet pleasure your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one）。随后又提到这种心理在猴子中也存在（suggests that it all too monkey, as well）。可知在此处作者是将人类与猴子进行对比，因此选项C“做比较”符合题意。2.判断推理题。题目问的是“第一段最后一句猴之常情暗示着什么”。第一段提到当人发现那个比自己加薪多的人消极怠工时，会感到愤怒（Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged），这种行为被认为是“人之常情”（all too man），在猴子的世界里也是如此，说明猴子看到不公平的事情时也会愤怒，这是天性。因此，选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到跟人类女性一样，它们比雄性更关注“品质与服务”的价值（Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males），这也是它们成为研究对象的原因。因此，选项A“更倾向于它们得到了什么”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第二句话提到稳定合作只有在它们觉得自己没被欺骗才会出现（Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated），所以选项C“当发现被欺骗这种合作会破裂”符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到这种公平感是卷尾猴和人类各自演化而来还是来自3500万年前他们共同的祖先，这个问题暂时还没有答案（However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question），选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.通过烟，我们可以看出人与人关系的深浅。客客气气递烟，说明关系尚浅；相互抢着递烟，说明地位相等，或视为相等；随随便便递烟，说明双方关系较深； 伸手到对方口袋里掏烟，掏出来还要散给别人，那就简直是亲密无间，不分彼此的 “铁哥们”了。当今，越来越多的人正更换职业或者开始更具吸引力的二次创业，其动机或者原因不尽相同，但很多人更换职业，因为他们感到厌倦。对一些人来说，二次创业源于他们意识到他们不能从正从事的工作中得到他们想要的东西。他们决定去做他们喜欢并认为重要的事情。前一个职业所花的时间可能会缩小后一个职业的选择范围，所以很少人在人生的中期改换去做一项全新的职业，大多数人改换去做相关领域的一项职业。【答案】Through smoking, we can tell the depth of the interpersonal relationship. Passing cigarettes in a polite manner indicates that the relationship between them is s