2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷31

2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if hadnt been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise, I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me-a potential to live, you might call it which I didnt see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If 1 hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. I cant use this. I said. Take it with you, he urged me, and roll it around. The words stuck in my head. Roll it around?. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphias Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1.The author of the story lost his eyesight by accident when he was four years old. T/F2.The author thinks that he is very lucky to have become blind because he can do something more meaningful now. T/F3.The author began to adjust himself to the reality of being blind with the help of his parents and teachers. T/F4.The author was never afraid of making any adjustments and his private world thus became more meaningful. T/F5.The author would have become a useless person if he had not learned to believe in himself. T/F6.As a blind man, the author was very nervous every time he went down an unfamiliar staircase alone. T/F7.Once the author was given an indoor baseball, and he felt deeply hurt and became suspicious of people around. T/F8.Learning to play ground ball is just one of the most elementary things that helped strengthen his assurance. T/F9.Whatever goal he set ahead of himself, he was always successful. T/F10.The story tells us that a person can always do something meaningful despite some imperfections in himself or herself. T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:A【解析】1.文中第一段“I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. 当我四岁的时候，我在大西洋城的一个货场里的一辆箱式汽车上掉下来，头撞在地上，失去了视力。”可知该陈述正确。2.由第一段中 “I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left. 我不是说我宁愿失明，我的意思是，失去它们使我更感激我所留下的。”可推知“作者不以自己失明而庆幸”，故该陈述“作者认为自己失明是非常幸运的，因为现在他可以做一些更有意义的事情”不正确。3.由第二段中第一句“Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality.我相信，生活要求对现实进行一系列持续的调整”及最后一句中“ .they made me want to fight it out with blindness.他们（即我的父母和老师）让我想与失明作斗争”可推断该陈述“在他的父母和老师的帮助下，作者开始调整自己接受失明的现实”正确。4.由第二段中“I was bewildered and afraid.我感到困惑和害怕” ，知该陈述“The author was never afraid of making any adjustments.作者从未害怕做任何调整” 与原文不符；故该陈述不正确。5.由第三段中 “If I hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. 如果我未曾那样做，我会崩溃，我会在前门廊的摇椅上度过我的余生”知该陈述中“如果他曾经没有学会相信自己，那么作者将成为一个无用的人”正确。6.由第三段中 “The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. 我要学的最难的一课就是相信自己。”及“When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. 当我说相信自己的时候，我并不是简单地说那种自信，它能帮助我独自走下陌生的楼梯。”可推断“在学会相信自己之前，作者对单独走下一个不熟悉的楼梯是不自信的”，故该陈述“作为 一个盲人，在平时独自走下一个不熟悉的楼梯时，作者曾经每次都非常紧张”正确。7.由第四段中“I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt.我认为他正在嘲笑我， 我也因此受到伤害”及“This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. 这给了我一个想法，如何实现一个我认为不可能的目标：打棒球。”知该陈 述不正确。8.由倒数第二段中 “It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. 我花了几年时间才发现并加强了这种确信。 它必须从最基本的东西开始”及作者随后举例称“自己学会打自己发明的地滚球(即棒球)”可推知“学会打地滚球是帮助作者巩固确信的一个最基本的事情之一”，故该陈述是正确的。9.由最后一段中 “I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure.我必须认识到自己的局限。去尝试那些一开始就知道根本无法实现的目标是没有好处的， 因为那样只会带来失败的痛苦”可推断“无论他的目标是什么，他总是成功的。”该陈述不正确。10.由最后一段中 “I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.不管怎样，虽然我有时会失败，但总的来说我取得了进步。”及 “作者学会了打先前认为自己做不到的地滚球可推知这个“故事告诉我们：即使自身不完美，但是一个人总能做一些有 意义的事情”该陈述正确。2. 单选题Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms. Harris takes to beat the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists, “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, arc no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tense or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though as it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Hams argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open door: They may initially choose the peers with whom their children associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that peoples child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.1.According to Ms. Harris,（ ）.2.Which of the following views would the development a lists agree with?3.Which of the following statements summarizes the main point of Paragraph three?4.The word ditched (Para 4) could best be replaced by （ ）.5.What is the authors main purpose?问题1选项A.parents have not invested enough time and energy in their childrenB.childrens personality is shaped by people they mix with outside the homeC.in the long run, parents will affect their childrens personalityD.nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on childrens personality development问题2选项A.Children tend to assume their parents personalityB.Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.C.Identical twins reared in the same home are similar in personality.D.Identical twins under the same parent develop separate personalities.问题3选项A.Parental influence is more important than the influence of the peer groups.B.To measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence is hard.C.Children subject to peer group influence often learn how to be honest, hard-working, or generous.D.Peers and parents have similar influence on a childs personality development.问题4选项A.provedB.emphasizedC.comparedD.ignored问题5选项A.To highly praise Ms. Harriss work.B.To counter Ms. Harriss work.C.To objectively report on Ms. Harriss work.D.To critically comment on Ms. Harriss work.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“父母没有为他们的孩子投入足够的时间和精力”， D项“先天而非后天培养对儿童的个性发展有显著影响”文中没有提及；C项“从长远来看，父母会影响孩子的个性”，原文第一段提到“Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. 她（即Harris女士）称，父母对孩子的个性发展没有重要的长期影响”可推断C项错误；B项“孩子的性格受家庭外他们交往的人的影响”，文章第一段提到“Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions（在小孩的性格形成上）有更重要影响的是孩子在操场上的朋友和街坊伙伴” 可推断B项正确。2.判断推理题。A项“孩子往往里呈现父母的性格”，文章只说影响，并未提及呈现父母的性格，不是心理学家的观点。B项“孩子更多受同龄人的影响，而不是父母的影响”是HarrisHairis女士的观点。D项“同一家庭的双胞胎性格不一样”为Harris的观点。C项“同一家庭抚养的相同双胞胎在性格上相似”正确。题干提问“发展心理学家”所认同的观点。文章第二段中提到Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists, “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. Harris女士对发展心理学家认为的养育论的攻击很可能强化了心理学家已有的怀疑”，接着提出疑问：:“如果父母对孩子性格的形成有影响，为什么同一家庭抚养的两个收养的小孩的性格不相似，不同家庭分别抚养的两个收养的孩子性格也不相似？或者为什么同一个家庭的双胞胎性格不相似，不同家庭抚养的一对双胞胎在性格上也不相似呢？ ”，反之可推断，发展心理学家所认为的观点是：同一家庭抚养的孩子在性格上是相似的，故选C项。3.事实细节题。A项“父母的影响比同龄人群体的影响更重要。”与原文相反，C项“受同龄人影响的儿童经常学习如何诚实、努力工作或慷慨”文中没有提及。D项“同龄人和父母对孩子的个性发展也有类似的影响。” 与原文不符。文章第三段提到“Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. 虽然很难衡量父母教养的确切影响，但衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响更难。”可推断出B项“衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响是很困难的”正确；故选B。4. 词汇题。文章最后一段提到父母对小孩的影响如“选择孩子交往的对象和小孩生活的环境，及大多数人认为自己在中年时开始像自己的父母， 育儿习惯可能部分受父母影响”可推知“父母对小孩性格的形成的影响是不可忽视的”，由此知“ditched”的意思最可能为“被忽视的”，故D项正确。A项“被证实的”； B项“被强调的”；C项“被比较的”。5.观点态度题。A项“高度赞扬Harris女士的工作”；B项“反驳了 Harris女士的工作”；C项“客观地报道了 Harris女士的工作”。文章第三段中提到 “ But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. 但获得一门语言肯定是一种技能，而不是发展心理学家所寻找的性格”，最后一段中“But even in those early years, parents have the power to open door: They may initially choose the peers with whom their children associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. 但即使在早期，父母也有能力打开大门：他们可能首先会选择与孩子交往的同龄人，并选择有影响力的邻居。可推断“作者对Harris女士的工作进行了批评性地的评论”，故选D。3. 填空题Opinion is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste（1）, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt（2）too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance （3） it. I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones entitled to his opinion, are （4）expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It （5）on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a （6）What do you think of the new Ford cars? And he may reply, In my （7）, theyre ugly. In this case, it would not only be （8）to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion lie means his personal （9）, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper （10） that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere （11） and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere （12）these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may（13）elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without （14）the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only （15）, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.【答案】1.belief2.attach3.tomon5.depends6.friend7.opinion8.intolerant9.preference10.reports11.likes12.between13.contain14.examining15.permitted【解析】1.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到 “It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at. 这是一种随意达成的观点或信念”中“belief”及该句前后出现的judgment正好与之形成对应，故此处选belief。2.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，同时由下文“most do attach great importance”可知此处选attach。3.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，故此处选to。mon “常见的;通常的”。前文提到“大多数人都很重视观点”， I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours我与你都有同样的权利去坚持各自的观点” Everyones entitled to his opinion每个人都有资格坚持自己的观点可知此处表示“常见表达方式”，故此处选common。5.“ depend on sth.依赖于，取决于”，固定搭配，根据前后文句意：这个标签是正确的吗？质疑别人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？这取决于你对“观点”的定义，由此可知，此处应选depends。6.根据上下文句意：比如，你可能会问一个“你觉得新款福特车型怎么样”，他可能回答“在我看来有点丑”，可知此处选friend。7.“in ones opinion在某人看来”为 固定短语，故此处选opinion。8.前文提到“Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion?挑战他人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？” 紧接着作者举例，正好与“intolerant”对应，故选intolerant。9.下文“a matter of taste一个喜好”是对空格处的补充说明，此处句意为：因为很明显，从意见上来说，谎言意味着他的个人偏好，也就是个人品味，可知选项preference “偏爱，喜好”最符合题意，故此处选preference。10.前文提到 “a newspaper”及下文新闻中的具体内容可知，此处选择reports “报 道”最符合题意，故此处选reports。11.下文提到“and dislikes 和厌恶”，由and可知此处应选择与“dislike”相对应的词，此处句意为：显然，大法官们并没有分享他们的个人偏好、他们的喜欢和不喜欢，故此处选likes。12.根据上下文“fall somewhere 落在某地”“these two extremes这两个极端”可知这里指“在之间”，故此处选between。13.根据上下文句意：它不是喜好的表达，也不是谨慎的判断。然而，它可能同时包含这两个要素，可知此处选“contain包含，容纳”最符合题意，故选contain。14.上下文句意：这是一种观点或信念，无论是否有审查证据；介词without后接名词或动名词，可知此处选examining “检查；审查”最符合题意，故此处选examining。15.上下文句意为：每个人都有资格坚持自己的意见吗？当然，这不仅是允许的，而且是有保证的；结合短语 “not only.but also.不仅而且”的用法，可知此处应选择与 “guaranteed被保证”意义相应的词，故此处选permitted “被允许”。4. 单选题When Spanish explorers first entered the area now known as Hollywood, Native Americans were living in the canyons of the Santa Monica Mountains. Before long, the Indians had been moved to missions and the land which Hollywood now occupies was divided in two by the Spanish Government. Acreage to the west became part of Rancho La Brea and settlements to the East became Rancho Los Feliz.By the 1870s an agricultural community flourished in the area and crops ranging from hay and grain to subtropical bananas and pineapples were thriving. During the 1880s, the Ranchos were sub-divided. In 1886, H. H. Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea that his wife then christened Hollywood. Within a few years, Wilcox had devised a grid plan for his new community, paved Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood Boulevard) for his main street and was selling large residential lots to Wealthy Midwesterners looking to build homes so they could winter in California.Prospect Avenue soon became a prestigious residential street populated with large Queen Anne, Victorian, and Mission Revival houses. Mrs. Daeida Wilcox raised funds to build churches, schools and a library and Hollywood quickly became a complete and prosperous community. The community incorporated in 1903, but its independence was short-lived, as the lack of water forced annexation in 1910 to the city of Los Angeles, which had a surplus supply of water.In 1911, the Nestor Company opened Hollywoods first film studio in an old tavern on the comer of Sunset and Gower. Not long thereafter Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movie in the area drawn to the community for its open space and moderate climate.The needs of this thriving new industry created radical changes in the community, causing a clash between older and newer residents. Acres of agricultural land south of what-is-now Hollywood Boulevard were subdivided and developed as housing for the enormous numbers of workers that movie-making required.High-rise commercial buildings began to spring up along Hollywood Boulevard, three competing real-estate interests caused concentrations of development at Highland, Cahuenga, and at Vine. It wasnt long before nearly all the homes along the Boulevard were replaced by commercial buildings linking the three comers.Banks, restaurants, clubs and movie palaces sprang up, catering to the demands of the burgeoning film industry during the 1920s and 1930s. The architectural styles of the buildings were representative of those most popular between the World Wars. Banks were typically designed in the more formal Beaux Arts styles, but other buildings in the community took on more playful personalitiesThe ornamental Spanish Colonial Revival style reflected Hollywoods self-conscious extravagance while the new Art Deco and Modern styles fit the communitys aspirations for glamour and sophistication.Hollywood has been anything but static, however, and after a few decades as the capital of film glamour, the neighborhood changed again. Although much of the studio work remained in Hollywood, many stars moved to Beverly Hills, and the elegant shops and restaurants left with them.In the 1960s, music recording studios and offices began moving to Hollywood, an offshoot of the nightclubs further west on Sunset Boulevard. Other businesses, however, continued to migrate to different parts of the city. Hollywood today is a diverse, vital and active community striving to preserve the elegant buildings from its past. Much of the movie industry remains in the area, although the neighborhoods outward appearance has changed.In 1985, the Hollywood Boulevard commercial and entertainment district was officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places protecting the neighborhoods important buildings and seeing to it that the significance of Hollywoods past would always be a part of its future.1.The area now known as Hollywood was first inhabited by Native Americans. T/F2.By the 1870s, people who settled down in that area began to grow all kinds of crops and fruit. T/F3.Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea and named it Hollywood after his wife. T/F4.Wealthy Midwesterners bought residential lots along the Prospect Avenue to build winter homes in California. T/F5.Hollywood had to become part of the city of Los Angeles because of its short supply of water