2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷94

2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.She can devote all her life to pursuing her passion.B.Her accumulated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.C.She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.D.Her research findings are widely acclaimed in the world.问题2选项A.Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.B.Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.C.Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.D.Science education and scientific research.问题3选项A.A better understanding of a subject.B.A stronger will to meet challenges.C.A broader knowledge of related fields.D.A closer relationship with young people.问题4选项A.By applying the latest research methods.B.By making full use of the existing data.C.By building upon previous discoveries.D.By utilizing more powerful computers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】Conversation OneM: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford, youre a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, you also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?W: 1 Oh, well, I just love what I do. Im extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?W: Well, as you said, I do have different things going on, but these I think, can be divided into two groups: 2 the education of science and the further understanding of science.M: Dont these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesnt giving lectures take time away from the lab?W: Not really. No. I love teaching, and I dont mind spending more time doing that, now than in the past. Also, what I will say is that 3 teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself. I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.M: Other any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon.W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. In fact, right now 4 we have too much data sitting in computers. For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.1. Why does the woman say she can be so energetic?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士说她能如此精力充沛？男士问女士那么多的精力从何而来，女士回答说她就是热爱自己所从事的事业，并且感到非常幸运能够拥有这样充实的生活，做自己喜欢的事情，A选项“她可以奉献一生去追求她所热爱的事情”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“她积累的专业知识帮助她实现了自己的目标”在录音中没有提及；C选项“她可以在每周的电视节目上传播她的学术思想”，利用录音中的weekly TV show设干扰，录音中并没有提及“传播她的学术思想”，因此不正确；D选项“她的研究成果在世界上广受赞誉”属于过度推断，录音内容并未涉及到这一点。2. What has the woman been engaged in?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问的是女士从事的工作。录音中女士明确说到她同时做着不同的事情，但这些事情总的可以分为两大类：科学教育和对科学的进一步理解。D选项“科学教育和科学研究”中的science education是录音中the education of science的同义表达，而scientific research则是录音原文the further understanding of science的抽象概括，要进一步理解科学必然离不开科学研究。因此D选项正确。A选项“为欧洲核实验室提供指导”，录音中提到女士是牛津大学的物理学教授和欧洲核研究组织的高级顾问，前者属于科学教育，后者属于科学研究，A选项只涉及其中一个是不全面的，因此不正确；B选项“到世界各地参加科学类的电视节目”，这里是将录音中提到的女士会去世界各地演讲和她每周都会上科学电视节目这两个信息杂糅在一起从而产生干扰，因此不正确；C选项“监督牛津大学的两个研究小组”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。3. What does the woman say about the benefit teaching brings to her?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于教学给她带来的好处，女士说了什么？录音中女士表示她热爱教学，教授一门课程能够帮助她更好地理解这门课程（comprehend it better）。因此A选项“更好地理解这门学科”正确。B选项“迎接挑战的意志增强”和D选项“与年轻人建立更密切的关系”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除；C选项“拓展相关领域的知识”，录音中女士只说到教学能够加深她对所教授学科的专业知识的理解，并没有说还能够拓展相关领域的知识，选项属于过度推断，因此不正确。4. How does the woman say new scientific breakthroughs can be made possible?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问的是女士关于如何实现新科学突破的看法。录音中男士问到女士关于科学的重大突破、发现或发明的问题，女士回答说全世界都在开展科学研究，不断有新事物被发现，目前他们科学家的电脑里就有大量的数据，只是没人有时间去看一看，更不用说分析了。言下之意，女士希望有人能将电脑里大量的科学数据充分利用起来，进行分析和研究，这样就可以实现新的科学突破。因此，B选项“通过充分利用现有的数据”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“通过运用最新的研究方法”；C选项“以先前的科学发现为基础”和D选项“通过利用更强大的计算机”均不正确，只是出现了录音中的个别单词来进行混淆，因此不选。2. 单选题Biological wizardry of a different sort is responsible for the ruggedness of sea-ear shells, which under high-powered microscopes resemble _ constructed stone walls.问题1选项A.reversiblyB.elaboratelyC.spontaneouslyD.concurrently【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项reversibly“可逆地”；B选项elaborately“精巧地；苦心经营地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；D选项concurrently“同时地；兼营；兼任地；并发地”。句意：鲍鱼壳的坚固是由另一种生物魔法造成的，在高倍显微镜下，它就像精心建造的石墙。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It has remained basically the same.B.It has become better understood.C.It has been exaggerated.D.It has decreased.问题2选项A.It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.B.It develops more easily in centenarians who are not active.C.It calls for more intensive research.D.It has had no effective cure so far.问题3选项A.They cherish their life more than ever.B.Their minds fail before their bodies do.C.Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.D.They care more about their physical health.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】Passage Two13 In recent years, the death rate among American centenarianspeople who have lived to age 100 or olderhas decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2008 to 2014. The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.In 2000, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimers disease. But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimers disease for this age group had more than doubledincreasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent14 making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimers disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer. People who are physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases, such as Alzheimers, which affects the mind and cognitive function. In other words, 15 it appears their minds give out before their bodies do.On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000 to 4.1 percent in 2014. That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up. In 2014, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2000. But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing18,434 centenarians died in 2000, whereas 25,914 died in 2014.13. What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于近年来美国百岁老人死亡的风险，说话人说了什么？录音第一句话便讲到，近年来，美国百岁老人的死亡率有所下降。D选项“它有所降低”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它基本上保持不变”；B选项“人们对它有了更好的认识”和C选项“它被夸大了”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。14. What does the speaker say about Alzheimers disease?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于阿尔茨海默氏症，说话者说了什么？录音提到，在2000年，百岁老人五大死亡原因其中之一就包括了阿尔茨海默病。到2014年，这种渐进的、慢性的大脑疾病已成为百岁老人的第二大死亡原因。A选项“它现在是百岁老人的第二大死亡原因”与原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“它在不活跃的百岁老人中更容易发生”；C选项“它需要更加深入的研究”和D选项“迄今为止没有有效的治疗方法”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。15. What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问活到100岁以上的人有什么特点? 录音中提到，身体足够健康、能活到一百岁以上的老人最终也会屈服于像阿尔茨海默氏症这类影响心理和认知功能的疾病，换句话说，这些老人的大脑会比他们的身体更脆弱。B选项中的fail是对录音原文中give out的同义替换，因此B选项“他们的大脑比他们的身体要先衰退”正确。A选项“他们比以往更珍惜生活”；C选项“他们的生活质量迅速恶化”和D选项“他们更关心身体健 康”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。4. 单选题When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government （ ） additional men.问题1选项A.revisesB.suspendsC.conscriptsD.encourages【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revise“修订, 校订”;suspend“延缓, 推迟”;conscript“征召, 招兵”;encourage“鼓励, 激励”。句意:当没有足够的志愿者入伍时, 政府就会征兵。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题（ ）the bribery allegations, Switzerlands sports minister has announced his own inquiry into how these associations are run.问题1选项A.In the hope ofB.In the wake ofC.In the light ofD.In the sight of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in the hope of “怀着的希望”；in the wake of “随着而来，作为的结果”；in the light of “鉴于，依据，按照”；in the sight of “在看来，从的观点看”。句意：根据受贿指控，瑞士体育部长宣布亲自调查这些协会的运行状况。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题“May I speak to your manager Mr. Jenson at 2 oclock this afternoon?”“Im sorry. Mr. Jenson（ ） to a conference long before then.”问题1选项A.will have goneB.had goneC.would have goneD.has gone【答案】A【解析】考查时态。“这个下午两点”表示将来时间，根据“before then”可知要用将来完成时，选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.She was uninterested in advertising.B.She found her outfit inappropriate.C.She was unhappy with fashion trends.D.She often checked herself in a mirror.问题2选项A.To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.B.To meet the expectations of fashion-conscious clients.C.To keep up with the current trends.D.To save the expenses on clothing.问题3选项A.It enhances peoples ability to work independently.B.It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.C.It matters a lot in jobs involving interaction with others.D.It boosts ones confidence when looking for employment.问题4选项A.Design their own uniform to appear unique.B.Wear classic pieces to impress their clients.C.Fight the ever-changing trends in fashion.D.Do whatever is possible to look smart.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】Passage TwoI work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because Im aware that we live in an image-obsessed world. 12 However, when I first started my job, occasionally Id catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess. Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work. 13 But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean thats why uniforms were invented. So heres what I did. I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. Now I never worry about what Im wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job? For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. 14 But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes. So rather than fighting the system, 15 I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then lets face it. Its probably worth it.12. What do we learn about the speaker when she first started her job?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者刚开始工作的时候，我们可以了解到什么？录音开头提到，当说话者刚开始工作的时候，偶尔会在电梯里瞥一眼自己，发现自己看起来一团糟（I looked a total mess）。后面指出，之所以一团糟是因为服装的原因，因此B选项“她发现她的服装很不合适”正确。A选项“对广告不感兴趣”利用录音开头的“advertising”设置干扰，录音说的是说话人从事的是广告业，并未提及她对广告业不感兴趣，因此排除；C选项“她对时尚潮流不满意”，录音开头说的是，说话者喜欢跟随当下的潮流，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她经常照镜子检查自己”在录音中并未提及，因此也可排除。13. Why were uniforms invented, according to the speaker?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问说话者谈及的制服被发明的原因。录音中提到，没有人可以每天穿着独一无二的衣服，这就是制服被发明的原因。A选项“为了省去每天选不同衣服的烦恼”与原文意思表述相符，因此正确。B选项“满足有时尚意识的客户的期望”和D选项“节省服装开支”在录音中均未提及，因此排除；C选项“跟上当前的潮流”，利用录音开头的keep up with current trends设置干扰，但这并不是发明制服的原因，因此不正确。14. What does the speaker say about looking smarter?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是说话者关于“看起来更时尚”的看法。在录音后半部分，说话者提出一个问题，即看起来更时尚是否会提升我们的工作能力，接下来随即对此进行了回答，如果你的工作需要与其他人进行面对面交谈，则答案是肯定的，C选项“这在需要与他人接洽的工作中很重要”与原文意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“这能提高人们独立工作的能力”和D选项“这能增强求职者的信心”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。B选项“这帮助人们在他们所做的任何事情上取得成功”说法过于绝对，不符合题意。15. What does the speaker advise people to do in an image-obsessed world?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问在这个看重外貌形象的世界里，说话者建议人们怎么做？录音结尾提到，说话者认为人们应该竭尽所能去做能实现工作目标的事情，包括谨慎塑造自己的形象，这都是值得的。D选项“做任何能（使我们的形象）看起来时尚的事情”与原文意思符合，因此正确。A选项“设计他们自己的制服，使其看起来独一无二”；B选项“穿经典的衣服给客户留下深刻印象”和C选项“对抗不断变化的时尚潮流”均不正确，在原文找不到相关依据，因此排除。8. 单选题Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly（ ）access to necessary care.问题1选项A.grudgedB.deniedC.negatedD.invalidated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。grudge“怀恨”；deny“否认，拒绝”；negate“否认，无效”，比较正式；invalidate“使无效”。句意：成千上万患有长期慢性病的医保病人没有得到正确的必要治疗。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.It is a collection of photos.B.It is an introduction to music.C.It is about the city of Bruges.D.It is a book of European history.问题2选项A.When writing about Belgiums coastal regions.B.When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.C.When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.D.When painting the concert hall of Bruges.问题3选项A.The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.B.The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.C.The entire European coastline will be submerged.D.The major European scenic spots will disappear.问题4选项A.Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.B.It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.C.People cannot get around without using boats.D.Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】Conversation TwoW: Mr. De Keyzer, Im a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?M: In 2006, 6 when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became 5 the subject of a large-scale photo project.W: 5 You wrote in the book, “I dont want to photograph the disaster; I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.” Can you talk a bit about that?M: 7 It is clear now that its a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before its too lateas a last witness.W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, 8 where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.5. What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于洪水来临前这本书，男士说了什么？录音开头，男士提到他受邀为新一季音乐会拍摄以水为主题的照片时恰巧在海边工作，因有感于如此美丽的海滩日后有可能因气候灾难而消失于水下，便将这种对潜在危险的恐惧作为一个大型摄影项目的主题。根据关键信息the subject of a large-scale photo project（一个大型摄影项目的主题）可知，男士认为Moments Before the Flood是一本照片集，因此A选项正确。B选项“它是一本介绍音乐的书”和C选项“它是一本关于布鲁日市的书”只是利用个别词来设置干扰，与题干不相干，因此排除；D选项“一本讲述欧洲历史的书”，录音最后虽然提及欧洲的历史，但欧洲历史只是其中的一部分内容，并不是完全讲述欧洲历史，因此D选项表述不准确。6. When did the man get his idea for the work?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问男士是什么时候想到开始这个工作的？录音开头，女士便询问男士一开始是怎样对这一主题感兴趣的。男士回答当时布鲁日市的音乐厅要求他为新一季音乐会拍摄一系列以水为主题的照片，B选项“那时为音乐会拍摄一系列照片”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。A选项“写关于比利时沿海地区的文章”，录音只是提及男士受邀为音乐会拍摄照片时，他正好在比利时沿海地区工作，因此A选项不正确；C选项“那时在意大利沿海城市度假”在录音中并没有提及；D选项“那时为布鲁日音乐厅绘画”主要错在painting一词，与原文表述的take some pictures不符，因此可排除。7. What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问当气候灾难发生时，会发生什么? 录音开头，女士请男士就书中的一句话进行解释：“我不想拍摄日后的灾难情景，我只想在灾难来临前拍下最后的美好”。男士回答道，现在很清楚的是，整个欧洲海岸线消失在水下只是个时间问题。C选项中的be submerged是录音中disappears under water的同义替换，因此C选项“整个欧洲海岸将会被淹没”正确。A选项“欧洲丰富的文化遗产将会完全失去”；B选项“欧洲的海水将会被严重污染”和D选项“主要的欧洲景点将会消失”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。8. What does the man say about Venice?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于威尼斯，男士说了什么？男士最后提及，威尼斯这个城市一直都被海水威胁着，每天早上游客都要踏着搭建好的木板小道到达自己的旅店。A选项“早上游客们通过木制的小路到达旅馆”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“吸引了大批来自国内外的游客”；C选项“人们没有船就不能四处走动”和D选项“水道日益受到污染”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。10. 单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （ ） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。11. 单选题Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.B.It is the worst managed airport in German history.C.It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.D.It has become something of a joke among Germans.问题2选项A.The city wanted to attract more tourists.B.The city wanted to boost its economy.C.The city had just been reunified.D.The citys airport are outdated.问题3选项A.Problems of different kinds kept popping up.B.Shortage of funding delayed its construction.C.The construction firm breached the contract.D.The municipal government kept changing hands.问题4选项A.Complaints by local residents increase.B.Huge maintenance costs accumulate.C.All kinds of equipment gets rusted.D.Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】Recording ThreeToday Im going to talk about Germanys dream airport in Berlin. The airport looks exactly like every other major modern airport in Europe, except for one big problem: more than seven years after it was originally supposed to open, it still stands empty. Germany is known for its efficiency and refined engineering, but when it comes to its new ghost airport this reputation could not be further from the truth. Plagued by long delays, perpetual mismanagement and ever-soaring costs, 22 the airport has become something of a joke among Germansand a source of frustration for local politicians, business leaders and residents alike.Planning for the new airport began in 1989. At the time, it became clear that 23 the newly-reunified Berlin would need a modern airport with far greater capacity than its existing airports. The city broke ground on the new airport in 2006. The first major sign of problems came in summer 2010, when the construction corporation pushed the opening from October 2011 to June 2012. In 2012, the city planned an opening ceremony but less than a month beforehand, inspectors found significant problems with the fire safety system and pushed the opening back again to 2013.It wasnt just the smoke system: 24 many other major problems subsequently emerged. More than 90 metres of cable were incorrectly installed; 4,000 doors were wrongly numbered; escalators were too short, and there was a shortage of check-in desks.So why, with so many problems discovered, didnt the airport corporation decide to give up on the project and start over? The reason is simple: people are often hesitant to terminate a project when theyve already invested time or resources into it, even if it might make logical sense to do so.The longer the delays continued, the more problems inspectors found. Leaders