2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷87

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and （ ）increase its market power.问题1选项A.thereforeB.therebyC.henceD.further【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。therefore因此，所以；thereby从而，因此；hence因此，今后；further而且。句意：公司有时可能会亏本出售将竞争对手挤出市场，从而提高其市场权力。选项B更符合语境。2. 单选题High levels of radon have been （ ）in the house.问题1选项A.observedB.noticedC.extractedD.detected【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。observe意为“观察，研究”；notice意为“注意”；extract意为“提取，提炼”；detect意为“查明，发现，侦察出”。句意：房子里发现了高浓度的氡。3. 单选题The factory presents a sharp （ ）to the one I visited a few days ago.问题1选项A.comparisonB.compromiseC.differenceD.contrast【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。comparison意为“比较，对照”指相同处的比较；compromise意为“妥协”；difference意为“差异，差别”；contrast意为“对比，对照”，指不同处的比较。此处是将“the factory”与几天前参观的那个工厂“the one”进行对比，因此选D。句意：这家工厂与我几天前参观的工厂形成了鲜明的对比。4. 单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never（ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。symmetrical “匀称的，对称的”；comparative “比较的，相当的”；compatible “兼容的，能共处的”；harmonious “和谐的， 和睦的”。句意：不要再相信那个演说者了，因为他演讲中的话语与事实不符。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题A（ ）examination is one which is in preparation for something.问题1选项A.predominantB.prematureC.preferableD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。predominant“主要的，卓越的”；premature “早产的，不成熟的”；preferable “更好的，更可取的”； preliminary “初步的，开始的，预备的”。句意：初试是为某事做准备的一种考试。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题The car, at least as we know it, is on the way out, because its exhaust （ ）a threat to the environment.问题1选项A.originatesB.posesC.offendsD.paralyzes【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。originate起源，发源；pose造成问题等；offend冒犯，进攻；paralyze使麻痹。句意：至少就我们所知，汽车正在被淘汰，因为它的废气对环境造成了威胁。pose a threat to为固定搭配，表示“对.造成威胁”，所以选项B正确。7. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods and services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convince your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another field-in a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas.What does a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs and wants, and then produce goods and services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。8. 单选题I feel that his subject gains a lot from the attractive （ ）of the matter.问题1选项A.presentationB.preparationC.preferenceD.potential【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation “展示，陈述”；preparation “预备，准备”；preference “偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential “潜能，可能性”。句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The （ ）is nearly dead, so I cannot start the car again.问题1选项A.beanB.beamC.brakeD.battery【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。bean “豆；毫无价值的东西”；beam “横梁，光线，电波”; bake “烤，烘烤食品”；battery “电池,蓄电池”。句意：电池没电了，所以我不能启动车。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Cares should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is（ ）loud continuous noise.问题1选项A.associated withB.subjected toC.filled withD.attached to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be associated with意为“与联系”；be subjected to意为“受到，被折磨”；be filled with意为“充满，装满”；be attached to意为“附属于，喜爱”。句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。11. 单选题When asked for your views about your （ ）job, on no account must you be negative.问题1选项A.currentB.contemporaryC.occasionalD.universal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。current意为“目前的，当前的，现在的”；contemporary意为“当代的，现代的”；occasional意为“偶尔的，不经常的”；universal意为“普遍的，一般的”。句意：当被问到你对当前工作的看法时，你决不能消极。12. 单选题Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer and wolves.The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth（猛码）.The huge, curved tooth was more than 1 meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon（放射性碳）dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals（穴居人）or modern humans.Modem humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modem humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.1.Before the finding of stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about （ ）.2.The following statements are true about the significance of this finding EXCEPT that（ ）.3.Which is the most important discovery among the findings?4.How old is the tusk? About（ ）years old.5.Which would be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.10 thousand years agoB.15 thousand years agoC.28 thousand years agoD.20 thousand years ago问题2选项A.it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in the areaB.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human societyC.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humansD.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population问题3选项A.A mammoth tusk covered with small cuts.B.Ancient stone tools.C.123 bones from animals.D.A long elephant tusk.问题4选项A.25 thousandB.28 thousandC.40 thousandD.36 thousand问题5选项A.New Discovery of Ancient Human BeingsB.Evidence of Ancient HuntersC.Unexpected Surviving Abilities of Ancient Human BeingsD.New Findings of Ancient Animals【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第一段最后两句“The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.”科学家说，这些物体提供了第一手证据，证明古代猎人在3万多年前就生活在这个地区。他们说，这至少比专家们预想的早了1.5万年。由此可知，专家们预想的人类生活在这个地区的时间是在3万减去1.5万等于1.5万年以前，也就是15 thousand years ago，所以选项B正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的内容“The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.”科学家们说，古人需要高度的社会发展才能在极端寒冷的环境中生存。由此可知，古代社会并没有高度发展所以选项B不正确。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“most important discovery”定位到第三段第一句“The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth.The tusk is covered with small cuts.”科学家们表示，他们最重要的发现是一头名为猛犸象的古代大象的长牙。.长牙上有很多小切口。由此可知，选项A符合原文。第4题:细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.”测试显示，这只象牙大约有3.6万年的历史。选项D符合原文。第5题:主旨大意题。原文第一段指出科学家在欧洲北部发现了很多有关古代猎人的证据，接下来的段落具体阐述和分析这些证据，最后得出结论，这些证据也体现了环境对早期人类迁徙的影响。由此可知，本文的主要内容是关于古代猎人的证据，选项B最为恰当。13. 单选题This ticket （ ）you to a free boat tour on the lake.问题1选项A.entitlesB.appointsC.grantsD.credits【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。entitle给某人权利或资格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允许；credit信任，归功于。句意：这张票使你有资格免费在湖上乘船游览。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题In Disneyland every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to （ ）signs asking his “guests” not to step on therm.问题1选项A.put downB.put outC.put upD.put off【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。put down镇压，贬低；put out熄灭，打扰；put up提供，建造，张贴；put off推迟，阻止。句意：在迪斯尼乐园，每年大约有80万个植物被替换，因为迪斯尼拒绝张贴告示要求游客不要踩到植物。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the （ ）will continue into the next decade.问题1选项A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。emergency紧急情况，突发事件；trend趋势，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule时间表，日程安排。句意：全世界的犯罪活动一直在增加，我们有充分的理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people. 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves-to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.The author is convinced that the eyes are（ ）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（ ）.3.According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner neck because（ ）.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to（ ）.5.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（ ）.问题1选项A.something through which one can see a persons inner worldB.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题3选项A.they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they dont how to communicate through eye contactC.they dont think it polite to have eye contactD.they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题4选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题5选项A.not to wear dark glassesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable paused【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“眼睛是心灵的窗户这个说法是有争议的，但是在人际交往中眼睛非常重要是事实”Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is fact，选项B “在表达情感和交流思想时非常重要”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“一张真正的人脸但是眼睛被遮住了不能引发婴儿笑，只露出一只眼睛的侧脸也不能让婴儿笑”（a real human face with eyes covered then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile），由此可知选项C“从侧面看某人的脸”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第一段提到“日本的婴儿被母亲背在背上，在他们的文化中没有接收太多关于眼神交流的内容”（In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures），所以他们交流时喜欢看对方的脖子而不是眼睛，选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“重要的是他们要在说话人重新建立眼神交流的时刻看向说话人；如果他们没有看向对方，说话人会认为他们对所说话题不感兴趣或者以为他们想中断谈话”（It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation），因此选项C“停止眼神交流的时间不当”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“当谈话双方都戴墨镜的时候就会知道这种眼神交流对于保持通畅谈话有多重要：可能会中途被打断，错误的开始或者意料之外的停顿等等”（It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation），选项A符合题意。17. 单选题The tragedy of the CHALLENGER（ ）an ongoing controversy on all aspects of Americas space program.问题1选项A.arousedB.roseC.aroseD.lifted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。arouse意为“激起，引起（反应或态度）”；rise意为“上升，攀升，提高”，其过去式为rose；arise是不及物动词，意为“发生，产生，出现”，其过去式为arose；lift意为“举起，抬起”。句意：挑战者的悲剧在美国太空计划的各个方面引起了持续不断的争议。18. 单选题There was a big hole in the road which （ ）the traffic.问题1选项A.set backB.stood backC.held upD.kept down【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。set back推迟，使.受挫折；stand back退后；hold up举起，阻挡，拦截；keep down控制，镇压。句意：路上有个大坑，阻碍了交通。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since the depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute（贫民）.Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?3.The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because （ ）.4.According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government（ ）.5.Why does the author say “Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require” (Lines 11-13, Para. 3)（ ）.问题1选项A.How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.B.How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C.How to improve the public education system.D.How to solve the rising unemployment problem.问题2选项A.The requirement of educated workers by business.B.The trend toward a shorter workday.C.Raising of the legal age for going to work.D.Peoples concern for the future of the next generation.问题3选项A.the unemployed are too poor to continue their educationB.a new leisure class has developedC.they are still suffering from the depressionD.an increase in taxes could be a problem问题4选项A.should allocate Federal funds for public educationB.should demand that local communities provide supportC.should raise taxes to meet the needs of public educationD.should first of all solve the problem of unemployment问题5选项A.Only by appropriating an adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.B.Citizens at all