2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷19

2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题A manufacturer does not usually deal directly with people who use his products. He sells his products to them indirectly through (1) outlets. Therefore his selling problem has two aspects: He must (2) storekeepers that it will be (3) for them to stock the things he manufactures, and he must (4) thousands or millions of unseen people to buy his products from storekeepers in various places. This kind of selling (5) both trade advertising and consumer advertising. The manufacturer places advertisements in trade magazines that are read by (6) who sells his type of products. He then undertakes more costly advertising (7) to the consumer.Advertisers know from practical experience that products, old or new, cannot be (8) people. In the modern economy “the consumer is the king.” Customers are (9) what they want. Much money is spent on research (10) an effort to understand the consumers desires. (11) these efforts to please the public, (12) are often fickle. They (13) their preferences from one brand to another or from one type of product to another. In many instances no amount of advertising, (14) clever or persuasive, can keep people from making such changes. (15), advertising itself is often the cause of the customers decision to change products.问题1选项A.wholesaleB.retailC.wholesomeD.retailing问题2选项A.convinceB.adviceC.informD.prompt问题3选项A.profitableB.triumphantC.mandatoryD.privileged问题4选项A.advertiseB.induceC.authorizeD.enlighten问题5选项A.calls onB.calls offC.calls upD.calls for问题6选项A.readersB.consumersC.merchantsD.retailers问题7选项A.to adaptB.to appealC.to respondD.to object问题8选项A.forced onB.promoted toC.compelled byD.coerced to问题9选项A.free of buyingB.free from buyingC.free with buyingD.free to buy问题10选项A.forB.withC.inD.at问题11选项A.With regard toB.In spite ofC.As a result ofD.In relation to问题12选项A.advertisersB.manufacturersC.customersD.storekeepers问题13选项A.transferB.switchC.transmitD.exchange问题14选项A.ifB.thoughC.howeverD.while问题15选项A.In other wordsB.OtherwiseC.As a resultD.On the other hand【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】A. wholesale批发的，大规模的 B. retail零售的C. wholesome有益健康的，合乎卫生的 D. retailing（名词）零售业【答案】B【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】这一句说“制造商通过间接渠道向使用产品的人销售产品”，而下文提到了一个关键词storekeepers（零售店店主），结合本句关键词outlets（销售点）可以推测，空格处表示“零售商”。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句子语义逻辑；D项是名词，名词不能修饰名词，排除。【句意】他通过零售店间接地把产品卖给他们。2.【选项释义】A. convince说服，使确信 B. advice建议，劝告C. inform通知，告知 D. prompt鼓励，促进，提示【答案】A【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】该句的意思是“生产商必须让零售商_他生产的商品将是”，根据逻辑可知，空格处应该是表示“使确信，使相信”，A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】生产商必须让零售商相信他生产的商品将是。3.【选项释义】A. profitable有利可图的，赚钱的 B. triumphant得意洋洋的C. mandatory强制的，命令的 D. privileged享有特权的【答案】A【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】根据句子意思“生产商必须让零售商相信他生产的商品将是_”，结合常识可知，零售商售卖商品都是为了赚钱，所以空格处填入profitable符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】生产商必须让零售商相信他生产的商品将是有利可图的。4.【选项释义】A. advertise通知，做广告，做宣传 B. induce诱导，引诱，引导C. authorize批准，认可，授权 D. enlighten启蒙，启发，开导【答案】B【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】由下文“这种销售商业广告和消费者宣传”，可知，销售方式需要商业广告和消费者宣传，说明生产商要引导消费者去零售商处购买他们生产的商品，因此本题正确答案为B选项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合上下文语义衔接。【句意】他必须引导成千上万的不知名的人从各地的零售商那里购买他的产品。5.【选项释义】A. calls on访问，拜访，号召，请求 B. calls off取消，叫走C. calls up打电话给，召集，使想起 D. calls for要求，需要，提倡，邀请【答案】D【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】这一句说“这种销售_商业广告和消费者宣传”，上文提到了生产商面对的两个主要问题，让零售商相信他们的产品能盈利和引导大众购买他们的产品，综合理解我们推测，空格处表示“需要”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合上下文语义衔接。【句意】这种销售既需要商业广告，也需要消费者宣传。6.【选项释义】A. readers读者 B. consumers消费者C. merchants商人 D. retailers零售商【答案】D【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】空缺后为who引导的定语从句，修饰空缺处所缺单词。定语从句表示这种人是售卖生产商生产的商品的人，也就是零售商。因此本题正确答案为D选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项均不符合句子语义。【句意】生产商在贸易杂志上刊登广告，供销售同类型产品的零售商阅读。7.【选项释义】A. to adapt适应，改编 B. to appeal呼吁，恳求，对有吸引力C. to respond回答，作出反应 D. to object反对，拒绝【答案】B【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】根据句子意思“然后，生产商进行更昂贵的广告_消费者”，结合上文提到生产商要打广告宣传产品，可以推测，空格处表示“吸引”，因此该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合上下文语义。【句意】然后，生产商进行更昂贵的广告来吸引消费者。8.【选项释义】A. forced on强加于，强迫接受 B. promoted to晋升，提升C. compelled by由胁迫，被强迫 D. coerced to被强制，被胁迫【答案】A【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】这一句说“论新产品还是旧产品，都不能_人们”，下文提到“消费者就是上帝”可知，商品无法强加到消费者身上，所以该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合上下文；D项后面要跟动词原形，故排除。【句意】广告商从实际经验中知道，无论新产品还是旧产品，都不能强加于人。9.【选项释义】A. free of buying远离购买 B. free from buying免于购买C. free with buying自由购买 D. free to buy自由购买【答案】D【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】上文说“消费者就是上帝”，所以这一句的意思应该是“客户想买什么就买什么”，be free to do表示“自由去做，任意去做”，因此本题正确答案为D选项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合上下文语义；C项没有这个用法。【句意】顾客可以自由地购买他们想要的东西。10.【选项释义】A. for对于，为了 B. with和C. in在里 D. at在【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由后面的an effort可知，in an effort to未固定搭配，表示“企图（努力想），试图要”，因此本题正确答案为C选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不构成此搭配。【句意】为了了解消费者的需求，生产商在调查上花了很多钱。11.【选项释义】A. With regard to关于，至于 B. In spite of尽管C. As a result of因此，作为结果 D. In relation to关于，涉及【答案】B【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】根据下文“经常变化无常”，结合本句“_这些取悦公众的努力”可知，该句前后为让步的逻辑关系，所以该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、D项没有让步的含义；C项表示因果关系，排除。【句意】尽管做了这些取悦公众的努力。12.【选项释义】A. advertisers广告商 B. manufacturers生产商C. customers顾客 D. storekeepers零售商【答案】C【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】上一句提到了“生产商要了解消费者的需求”，所以这一句表示的是“消费者经常是变化莫测的”，空格要填入consumers或者表示“顾客”的词语，所以该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合上下文语义衔接。【句意】尽管有这些取悦公众的努力，客户往往是善变的。13.【选项释义】A. transfer转移 B. switch转变C. transmit传输，发射 D. exchange交换【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】上一句提到了“顾客总是善变的”，这一句接着说“他们的喜好从一个品牌到另一个品牌或从一种产品到另一种产品”，综合理解可知，空格处表示“转变”，而switch from A to B为固定搭配，表示“从A转换到B”，因此该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项transfer fromto一般表示“调动；搬迁；换乘”，不符合上下文语义；C、D项没有此搭配，排除。【句意】14.【选项释义】A. if如果，假使 B. though尽管C. however然而，无论如何 D. while然而，当【答案】C【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】由句子意思“在许多情况下，再多的广告，_聪明或有说服力，都不能阻止人们做出这样的改变”可知，此处空缺单词表示让步关系。however用作副词时，可修饰形容词并表示让步关系，意思为“无论如何，不管怎样”。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句间逻辑。【句意】在很多情况下，再多的广告，无论多么聪明或有说服力，都无法阻止人们做出这样的改变。15.【选项释义】A. in other words换句话说 B. otherwise否则，另外C. as a result因此，结果 D. on the other hand另一方面【答案】D【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】前文讲到因为消费者自己的喜好变化不定，所以广告无法将产品强加到顾客身上。这一句提到“广告本身也可能成为引起顾客选择改变的诱因”。因此，这是从另外一个角度分析，所以本题正确答案为D选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句间逻辑。【句意】另一方面，广告本身往往是顾客决定更换产品的原因。2. 单选题She was the victim of her neighbors malicious gossiping.问题1选项A.malevolentB.violentC.lenientD.benevolent【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. malevolent恶毒的，有恶意的；坏心肠的 B. violent暴力的，猛烈的C. lenient宽大的，仁慈的 D. benevolent慈善的，乐善好施的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】从gossiping（流言蜚语）可知，划线单词malicious是一个贬义词，表示“恶意的”，只有A选项含义最为接近。故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。【句意】她是邻居恶意诽谤的受害者。3. 单选题Though they came from _ social backgrounds, the newly married couple shared numerous interests and feelings.问题1选项A.desultoryB.obsoleteC.malleableD.disparate【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. desultory漫无目的的；无条理的 B. obsolete淘汰的；废弃的C. malleable可锻造的；易受影响（或改变）的 D. disparate由不同的人（或事物）组成的；迥然不同的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据though可知，此处为让步语气，根据主句的句意“但这对新婚夫妇有许多共同的兴趣和感情”可推知，_ social backgrounds表示“不同的社会背景”。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】虽然他们来自不同的社会背景，但这对新婚夫妇有许多共同的兴趣和感情。4. 翻译题Vacations are more necessary now than before because today the average life is less well-rounded and has become increasingly compartmentalized. I suppose the idea of vacations, as we conceive it, must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples. Rest of some kind has of course always been a part of the rhythm of human life, but earlier ages did not find it necessary to organize it in the way that modern man has done. Holidays and feast days were sufficient.With modern mans increasing tensions, with the stultifying quality of so much of his work, this break in the years routine became steadily more necessary. Vacations became mandatory for the purpose of renewal and repair. And so it came about that in the United States, the most self-indulgent of nations, the most tense and compartmentalized, vacations have come to take a predominant place in domestic conversation.【答案】现在度假比以前更有必要，因为现在一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，而且变得越来越单调。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在所想的休假。当然，某种方式的休息一直是人类生活节奏的一部分，但社会早期并不认为有必要像现代人那样安排休假。节日足以满足人们的需要。随着现代人的情绪日益紧张，加之工作要求高，强度大，所以在一年的日常工作中进行休假变得越来越有必要。休假成为调节和修整心态的必要手段。因此，在美国这个最紧张单调的国家里，度假已经成为家庭闲谈的主要话题。5. 单选题He A had never heard B a word of English C being spoken, though he D had translated a collection of English short stories into Chinese.问题1选项A.hadB.aC.being spokenD.had translated【答案】C【解析】【答案】C【考查点】宾语补足语的用法。【解题思路】hear +宾语+ done属于过去分词作宾补，表示听到宾语被做某事；hear +宾语+ being done属于现在分词被动形式作宾补，表示听到宾语正在被做某事。这里的宾语是a word of English（英语），且句子中并不强调正在听到英语被说，即宾语补足语要用过去分词形式，因此本题应将C项改为spoken。【句意】尽管他把一本英文短篇小说集翻译成中文，但从来没听说过有人说英语。6. 单选题In the interest of national security, the federal government _ carried out its psychic pet program at a secret and _ location.问题1选项A.cogentlyimmaterialB.stealthilytimorousC.covertlyclandestineD.blatantlynotorious【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. cogentlyimmaterial痛切地，中肯地无形的，不重要的 B. stealthilytimorous暗地里胆怯的，胆小的C. covertlyclandestine秘密地，偷偷摸摸地私密的 D. blatantlynotorious公然地，喧闹地声名狼藉的【答案】C【考查点】副词和形容词辨析。【解题思路】第二个空格处和secret为并列成分，所以推测第二个空格与secret的词义相近，选项中clandestine符合句意；从而也可以得出第一个空格处的副词表示“秘密地”。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】为了国家利益安全，联邦政府在一个秘密的地方秘密地执行了它的灵宠计划。7. 单选题Dark matter in the universe is, believed by some scientists, substance that is not readily observable because it does not directly refract light or energy. Its existence can only be deduced because of the effect that it has on surrounding matter. In fact, some members of the scientific community have argued that dark matter does not actually exist. Others, however, believe in its existence, in part because the scientific community does not have a complete understanding of gravitational science. On the other hand, some would argue that it is the understanding of gravitational science that leads most scientists to believe in the existence of dark matter, because without dark matter, there are many cosmological phenomena that are difficult to explain.For example, dark matter in the universe may have a peculiar effect on the Milky Way galaxy. Some scientists believe that the interaction between dark matter and other smaller, nearby galaxies is causing the Milky Way galaxy to take on a warped profile. It has been asserted that not only does dark matter exist, it may also be responsible for the Milky Ways unusual shape. The interaction referenced involves two smaller galaxies near the Milky Way, called Magllanic Clouds, moving through an enormous amount of dark matter, which, in effect, enhances the gravitational pull that the two Magellanic Clouds could have on the Milky Way and other surrounding bodies. Without the existence of the dark matter, the Magellanic Clouds would not have sufficient mass to have such a strong effect on the bend of the Milky Way galaxy.The strongest evidence for the validity of this hypothesis rests in Newtonian physics and the hypothesis that anything with mass will exert a gravitational pull. The Milky Way and other galaxies with peculiar warped shapes are being molded by a gravitational force. However, there is nothing readily observable with sufficient mass that could cause such a high level of distortion via gravitational pull in the vicinity of the Milky Way, Therefore, something that is not easily observed must be exerting the necessary force to create the warped shape of the galaxy.Aaron Romanowsky and several colleagues have questioned the effect that dark matter might have on galaxies. They point to the existence of several elliptical galaxies surrounded by very little dark matter as evidence that dark matter is not, in fact, the cause of the warped galaxies. While they do not claim that their findings should be interpreted to conclude that dark matter does not exist, they apparently believe that the results of their studies cast doubt on some of the conventional theories of galaxy formation and manipulation.Several models constructed by researchers from the University of California at Berkeley, however, point to the idea that dark matter is the most likely explanation for the distorted shape of the Milky Way and other galaxies. Using computer models, they have mapped the likely interactions between certain galaxies and the surrounding dark matter, and those models have shown not only the possibility that dark matter is responsible for the warped shape of the Milky Way, but that the relationship between the dark matter and the Magllanic Clouds is dynamic; the movement of the clouds through the dark matter seems to create a wake that enhances their gravitational influence on the Milky Way.1. The passage states that some members of the scientific community are reluctant to believe in the existence of dark matter because _.2. What does the passage offer as evidence for the existence of dark matter?3. According to the passage, what is Aaron Romanowskys theory regarding dark matter?4. The last paragraph supports the general hypothesis provided earlier in the passage that _.5. The passage supports which of the following statements about dark matter?问题1选项A.there is absolutely no evidence for the existence of dark matterB.no one understands how to apply gravitational scienceC.dark matter cannot be directly observedD.dark matter has little effect on surrounding matter问题2选项A.A complete understanding of gravitational science.B.The enormous mass of Magellanic Clouds.C.The shape of the Milky Way galaxy.D.A photograph taken with the aid of a refracting telescope.问题3选项A.It cannot be conclusively proven that dark matter affects the shape and formation of galaxies.B.The discovery of certain galaxies disproves the theory that dark matter exists in the universe.C.Computer models suggest that dark matter is responsible for warped galaxies.D.Dark matter has no effect at all on the shape of galaxy.问题4选项A.the effect of Magllanic Clouds on galaxies is enhanced by dark matterB.computer models are necessary for an understanding of gravitational scienceC.dark matter has little to no effect on the formation of certain cosmological phenomenaD.the shape of the Milky Way galaxy can be deduced by observing the matter surrounding it问题5选项A.Its existence has been conclusively proven by computer models.B.Its existence is inferred by some researchers based on observations of cosmological bodies composed of ordinary matter.C.If it does not exist, the universe is largely empty.D.Its presence is readily observable to researchers who completely understand how to apply gravitational science.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The passage states that some members of the scientific community are reluctant to believe in the existence of dark matter because _.1. 这篇文章指出，一些科学团体的成员不愿意相信暗物质的存在，因为_。A. there is absolutely no evidence for the existence of dark matter A. 完全没有证据证明暗物质的存在B. no one understands how to apply gravitational science B. 没有人知道如何应用引力科学C. dark matter cannot be directly observed C. 不能直接观测到暗物质D. dark matter has little effect on surrounding matter D. 暗物质对周围的物质几乎没有影响【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后三句“事实上，科学界的一些成员认为暗物质实际上并不存在。然而，另一些人相信它的存在，部分原因是科学界对引力科学没有一个完整的理解。另一方面，一些人会认为，正是对引力科学的理解使大多数科学家相信暗物质的存在，因为没有暗物质，就有许多难以解释的宇宙现象。”由此可知，一些人相信暗物质，部分原因是因为科学界对引力科学还没有一个完整的理解，所以只能用暗物质来解释宇宙现象，那么可以推断，一些科学团体的成员不愿意相信暗物质的存在是因为科学界对引力科学没有完整的理解，不知道如何运用引力科学。因此，该题选择B项“没有人知道如何应用引力科学”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“完全没有证据证明暗物质的存在”与原文中“暗物质对银河星系的形成造成影响”这一说法不符，属于反向干扰；C项“不能直接观测到暗物质”并不是科学家不相信暗物质存在的原因，属于出处错位；D项“暗物质对周围的物质几乎没有影响”根据第一段第二句“只能根据它对周围物质的影响来推断暗物质的存在”可知，该项属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. What does the passage offer as evidence for the existence of dark matter? 2. 这篇文章为暗物质的存在提供了什么证据？A. A complete understanding of gravitational science. A. 对引力科学的完全理解。B. The enormous mass of Magellanic Clouds. B. 麦哲伦星云的巨大质量。C. The shape of the Milky Way galaxy. C. 银河系的形状。D. A photograph taken with the aid of a refracting telescope. D. 用折射望远镜拍摄的照片。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段和第三段对暗物质的存在提供了论据，根据第二段最后一句“如果没有暗物质的存在，麦哲伦星云就不会有足够的质量对银河系的弯曲产生如此强烈的影响”以及第三段的内容“这一假设的最有力证据来自牛顿物理学和任何有质量的物体都会产生引力的假设。银河系和其他具有奇特扭曲形状的星系正在被引力塑造。然而，在银河系附近并没有足够大质量的物体能够通过引力引起如此高程度的扭曲。因此，一定是一些不容易观测到的物体施加了必要的力，才造成了星系的扭曲形状。”，从中我们可知，银河系和其他具有奇特扭曲形状的星系正在被引力塑造，但是在银河系附近没有足够大质量的物体，所以可以推断，暗物质的存在的依据就是银河系的形状。因此，该题选择C项“银河系的形状”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“对引力科学的完全理解”，文章第一段就指出人们对引力科学没有完全的了解，所以该项属于反向干扰；B项“麦哲伦星云的巨大质量”和D项“用折射望远镜拍摄的照片”没有提到，属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. According to the passage, what is Aaron Romanowskys theory regarding dark matter? 3. 根据这篇文章，亚伦罗曼诺斯基关于暗物质的理论是什么？A. It cannot be conclusively proven that dark matter affects the shape and formation of galaxies. A. 暗物质会影响星系的形状和形成，这一点还无法得到确凿的证明。B. The discovery of certain galaxies disproves the theory that dark matter exists in the universe. B. 某些星系的发现证明宇宙中存在暗物质的理论是错误的。C. Computer models suggest that dark matter is responsible for warped galaxies. C. 计算机模型表明暗物质是扭曲星系的罪魁祸首。D. Dark matter has no effect at all on the shape of galaxy. D. 暗物质对星系的形状没有任何影响。【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第四段，根据最后两句的内容“他们指出，存在着几个椭圆星系，周围几乎没有暗物质，这证明了暗物质并不是导致星系变形的原因。虽然他们没有声称他们的发现应该被解释为暗物质不存在，但他们显然相信，他们的研究结果对一些星系形成和操纵的传统理论提出了质疑。”可知，亚伦罗曼诺斯基关于暗物质的观点就是，星系变形的原因并不是由于暗物质。因此，D项“暗物质对星系的形状没有任何影响”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“暗物质会影响星系的形状和形成，这一点还无法得到确凿的证明”和C项“计算机模型表明暗物质是扭曲星系的罪魁祸首”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于反向干扰；B项“某些星系的发现证明宇宙中存在暗物质的理论是错误的”，文中提到“他们没有声称他们的发现应该被解释为暗物质不存在”，所以他的理论并不是推翻暗物质的存在，该项属于过度推断。4.【选项释义】4. The last paragraph supports the general hypothesis provided earlier in the passage that _. 4. 最后一段支持了文章前面提出的假设，即_。A. the effect of Magllanic Clouds on galaxies is enhanced by dark matter A. 暗物质增强了麦哲伦星云对星系的影响B. computer models are necessary for an understanding of gravitational science B. 计算机模型对于理解引力科学是必要的C. dark matter has little to no effect on the formation of certain cosmological phenomena C. 暗物质对某些宇宙现象的形成几乎没有影响D. the shape of the Milky Way galaxy can be deduced by observing the matter surrounding it D. 银河系的形状可以通过观察它周围的物质推断出来【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】定位至最后一段第二句中的“他们已经绘制了某些星系和周围暗物质之间可能的相互作用，这些模型不仅显示了暗物质导致银河系扭曲形状的可能性，而且还显示了暗物质和麦哲伦星云之间的动态关系”可知，这一段与前文提到的“暗物质影响银河系的形状”的假设一致。因此，D项“银河系的形状可以通过观察它周围的物质推断出来”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“暗物质增强了麦哲伦星云对星系的影响”是暗物质影响银河系的形状的假设的内容，该项属于以偏概全；B项“计算机模型对于理解引力科学是必要的”在文章前文并没有提到，属于无中生有；C项“暗物质对某些宇宙现象的形成几乎没有影响”根据解题思路可知，该项属于曲解原文。5.【选项释义】5. The passage supports which of the following statements about dark matter? 5. 这篇文章支持下面关于暗物质的哪一种说法？A. Its existence has been conclusively proven by computer models. A. 它的存在已经被计算机模型证实。B. Its existence is inferred by some researchers based on observations of cosmological bodies composed of ordinary matter. B. 它的存在是由一些研究人员根据对由普通物质组成的宇宙天体的观察推断出来的。C. If it does not exist, the universe is largely empty. C. 如果它不存在，宇宙基本上是空的。D. Its presence is readily observable to researchers who completely understand how to apply gravitational science. D. 对于完全了解如何应用引力科学的研究人员来说，它的存在是很容易观察到的。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段对于暗物质存在所做的假设就是它能改变银河系的形状，该段描述了暗物质是如何影响银河系附近的麦哲伦星云，并增强了两个麦哲伦星云对银河系和其他周围天体的引力，从而使银河系的形状发生改变，所以B项“它的存在是由一些研究人员根据对由普通物质组成的宇宙天体的观察推断出来的”最能支持关于暗物质存在的说法。【干扰项排除】A项“它的存在已经被计算机模型证实”，根据最后一段第二句中的“这些模型不仅显示了暗物质导致银河系扭曲形状的可能性，而且还显示了暗物质和麦哲伦云之间的动态关系”，可知，文章并没有证实暗物质的存在，只是显示暗物质存在的可能性，该项属于过度推断；C项“如果它不存在，宇宙基本上是空的”文中未提及，属于无中生有；D项“对于完全了解如何应用引力科学的研究人员来说，它的存在是很容易观察到的”与第一段第一句提到的“宇宙中的暗物质被一些科学家认为是不易观察到的物质，因为它不能直接折射光或能量”相矛盾，属于反向干扰。8. 单选题A A milk B can provide protein C for a cheap, D nutritionally balanced diet.问题1选项A.AB.can provideC.for a cheapD.nutritionally【答案】A【解析】【考查点】冠词的使用。【解题思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可数名词，因此不能用不定冠词a修饰，故去掉a。该题选择A项。【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白质，提供便