2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷38

2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Billie Holidays reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability（ ）emotional depth to her songs.问题1选项A.be givingB.are givenC.to giveD.being given【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。have ability to do sth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍乐迪，作为一位伟大的爵士布鲁斯歌手，她的盛名在于能将感情融入到歌曲中。故C项正确。2. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they_ to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. proceed开始；继续进行 B. appeal呼吁；恳求C. resort诉诸；采取 D. incline倾向于【考察点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项proceed to继续下去；B选项appeal to呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力；D选项incline to倾向于。incline to更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施，因为题意为动物们已经被困住了。以上选项均不符合句意。【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。3. 单选题（ ）tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.问题1选项A.Would he leaveB.Was he leavingC.If he leavesD.Were he to leave【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。由tomorrow可知，从句表示的是对将来事实的虚拟，从句谓语动词的形式有三种，即were to do, should do, 动词的过去式（be动词用were）。并且可将if去掉，将谓语动词放于主语前。故D项正确。句意：如果他明天出发，他周五将到达那里。4. 单选题His family tried to_ into the white and Hispanic communities.问题1选项A.meltB.assimilateC.involveD.weaver【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. melt融化 B. assimilate 吸收；使同化C. involve包含；牵涉 D. weaver织布工；编织工【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】assimilate into表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中white and Hispanic communities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。5. 翻译题Han Dynasty, founded in 202 BC, was one of the longest dynasties in Chinese history. It was divided into two periods: the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. Considered a golden age, Han Dynasty created a glorious civilization in various aspects, including economy, culture, art as well as science and technology, etc. Han Dynasty laid a foundation for the ethnic culture of the Han Nationality, and Confucianism respected by the Western Han Dynasty became the mainstream ideology of China.【答案】汉朝建于公元前202年，是中国历史上存在时间最长的朝代之一，分为西汉与东汉两个阶段。汉朝被称为黄金时代，在经济、文化、艺术和科技等各个方面均创造了辉煌的文明。汉朝奠定了汉民族的民族文化，西汉所尊崇的儒家思想成为中国的主流思想。6. 单选题He had the good fortune to（ ）with Prof. Wang for 3 years.问题1选项A.studyB.be studyingC.have studiedD.have been studying【答案】C【解析】考查语法。由时间状语“for 3 years”可知该句应该用完成时，故排除AB两项，学习与主语之间是主动的关系，故C项正确。句意：他有幸与王教授一起学习了3年。7. 单选题The knee is the joint（ ）the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.问题1选项A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the joint是从句的地点状语，故用关系副词where引导，表示连接的地方。句意：膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。8. 单选题Try the product out in the comfort of your own home with absolutely no（ ）to buy.问题1选项A.commitmentB.engagementC.persuasionD.preservation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。commitment“承诺，许诺”；engagement“订婚，婚约，约会”；persuasion“劝说，说服”；preservation“保存，保留”。句意：可以在自己家里随意试用本产品且根本不用承诺买该产品。A项符合题意。9. 单选题My pain（ ）apparent the minute I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”问题1选项A.must beB.had beenC.must have beenD.had to be【答案】C【解析】考查语法。must have done表示对过去肯定的假设。句意：我的疼痛一定很明显，因为当我走进房间时，我见到的第一个人问道“你还好吧？”。由for可推断我的疼痛比较明显。故C项正确。10. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of “On the Aging Population”. You should write at least 160-180 words.【答案】略11. 翻译题1.In present-day technology man makes tremendous demands on the materials available to him. The demand is not only for huge quantities of materials such as timber, concrete, steel and plastics for constructional purposes. It is also for smaller but crucial amounts of materials which are less easily obtainable. Materials such as uranium and titanium do not exist in large quantities but they possess unusual properties which make them essential for certain highly specialized uses.2.Computers are electronic machines for processing data. Data are pieces or items of information that have been properly prepared so that the machine can work with them. Processing means handling or manipulating the material that has been presented to the machine in such ways as performing calculations, classifying information, or making comparisons. A computer is made of millions of electronic devices that can store the data or switch them through complex circuits with different functions at incredible speeds.3.在传统的中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母生活在一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策以来，中国家庭经历了许多变化，其中一个变化是核心家庭成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁，他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合征。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。【答案】1.当今的技术人员对可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。这种需求不仅适用于诸如木材、 混凝土、钢铁以及用于建筑目的的塑料等数量巨大的材料，也适用于较少但至关重要，且不易获得的材料。铀和钛这样一类材料并不大量存在，但它们具有非凡的特性，这使得它们成为某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。2.计算机是处理数据的电子机器。数据是已被适当准备好以便机器能够使用的信息片段或项目。加工指的是对呈现在机器上的材料进行处理或操作，如计算、分类或比较。计算机是由数以百万计的电子设备组成的，这些设备可以存储数据或通过具有不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度转换数据。3.In a traditional Chinese family, adult children live under the same roof with their older parents. Since China adopted the one-child policy in 1974, Chinese families have undergone many changes, one of which is the dominance of the nuclear family. When only children leave home for college or marriage, their parents are in their 40s or 50s, and they experience empty-nest syndrome earlier than parents with multiple children in other countries. They suddenly feel lonely, sad, useless, and depressed.12. 单选题He was regarded as a great（ ）to the committee.问题1选项A.assetB.profitC.prosperityD.interest【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。asset“财产，资产，有价值的人或物”；profit“利润”；prosperity“繁荣，成功”；interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他被视为委员会的重要人物。句中主语是he，故A项符合题意。13. 单选题Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processesthe link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “what?” and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people the left half is used for word handing, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more, harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings; women have the better connections.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?2.According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by（ ） factors.3.“These differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those in（ ）.4.At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on（ ）.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.问题2选项A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social问题3选项A.skills of men and womenB.school subjectsC.the brain structure of men and womenD.activities carried out by the brain问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the brainC.the distinction between the sexesD.the effects of the corpus callosum问题5选项A.To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.To suggest new areas in brain research.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段第三句提到了心理学家的态度，他们把这个问题要么看成一件事，要么看成一种挫折，要么看成一个笑话（Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke），然后提到生物学家进入了这个雷区（Now the biologists have moved into this minefield），由此可以推测出心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在开展，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到我们更倾向于认为这些差异是社会造成的（We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences），因此选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第五段提到在此基础上，要解释男女技能之间的实际差异就不那么容易了（But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到我们无法理解这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的，但这种显著的差异肯定会产生一定影响（we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect），由此可知选项D符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家在两性之间大脑结构的研究，选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _ of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. reflections 反射 B. demonstrations 示范；展示C. illuminations 启发；阐释 D. reproductions 复制品【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格前that引导一个定语从句，先行词是novel，这里mirror做动词表反映，意思为反映世界的小说；空格后of短语做后置定语，表示所代表事实的；根据句意，应该是反映世界的小说是所代表事实的反映。这两处应该相对应。综上所述，A选项reflections“反射”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“反映”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说的确反映了它们所代表的现实。15. 单选题（ ）can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.问题1选项A.EverybodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。nobody can help but“情不自禁”，相当于everybody cant help but. 句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小说所代入的世界所吸引。故D项正确。16. 单选题With his strong accent, its hard to_ what hes trying to say.问题1选项A.hand outB.sort outC.send outD.figure out【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. hand out 分发 B. sort out挑选出；分类C. send out发送；派遣 D. figure out想出； 弄明白【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】固定句型it is +形容词+ for sb to do sth，对某人来说做是的。With短语做原因状语。句意为因为他的口音，我们很难听清他在尝试说什么。综上所述，D选项figure out “想出、弄明白”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“弄清”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】他的口音很重，很难听懂他想说什么。17. 单选题As it is known to the world, _ a mother-daughter business venture wont be easy.问题1选项A.breath life intoB.breathing life intoC.breathe life intoD.breath the living into【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. breath life into 呼吸生活 B. breathing life into 给某事带来活力C. breathe life into 给某事带来活力 D. breath the living into 把活着的人呼入【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】固定短语breathe life into 给某事带来活力。该句谓语动词是wont be该句缺少主语。因此，这里是动名词短语做主语。B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】众所周知，给母女企业注入活力并非易事。18. 翻译题The climate of Australia varies greatly from region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much of the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountain ranges help prevent marked extremes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal variations, on the whole, are small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than interior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is the hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and warm summers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。19. 翻译题I remember a film, I forget what it was called, in which four people were interrogated about the character and life-style of a woman who had been murdered. All of them had known her well, but to each of them, she presented a different side. The man who loved her saw her as amusing, intelligent and extravagant. The girl who had been at school with her said she was reserved, slow to make friends and inclined to be mean. Her boss, for whom she worked as a secretary, found her hardworking but dull, the last person to inspire passion, let alone murder. Her landlady said she was easy to get on with, untidy and careless about money. “I always had to remind her of the rent,” she said, “but I like her she was always cheerful and willing to lend a hand if anyone was in trouble”. The interest of the film was not so much in who committed the murder, but in how it showed the way in which we all show different sides of ourselves to different people.【答案】我记得有这样一部电影，我不记得它的名字了。讲述的是四个人被询问关于被谋杀者女性的性格和生活方式。这些人都很了解她，但是她对每个人展示了不同的一面。爱她的那个男人觉得她是一个有趣、聪明却有点浪费的女孩。她同学觉得她是一个保守、不善交友，倾向于自私的人。她当秘书的那个老板觉得她虽然勤奋却很沉闷，永远不会活跃气氛，更别说凶手会谋杀她了。她的房东却说她很好相处，不修边幅，不太在乎钱。“我总要提醒她交房租”她说道，“但是我很喜欢她。她总是那么欢乐，在别人有困难的时候总会伸出援手。”这部电影有趣的地方不在于谁是行凶者，而在于我们都会在不同人面前展示不同的一面。20. 单选题The most important divide in America today is class, not race, and the place where it matters most is in the home. Conservatives have been banging on about family breakdown for decades. Now one of the nations most prominent liberal scholars has joined the chorus.Robert Putnam is a former dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government and the author of Bowling Alone(2000), an influential work that lamented the decline of social capital in America. In his new book, Our Kids, he describes the growing gulf between how the rich and the poor raise their children.Among the educated elite the traditional family is thriving: fewer than 10% of births to female college graduates are outside marriagea figure that is barely higher than it was in 1970. In 2007 among women with just a high-school education, by contrast, 65% of births were non-marital. Race makes a difference: only 2% of births to white college graduates are out-of-wedlock, compared with 80% among African-Americans with no more than a high-school education, but neither of these figures has changed much since the 1970s. However the non-marital birth proportion among the high-school-educated whites has quadrupled, to 50%, and the same figure for college-educated blacks has fallen by a third, to 25%. Thus the class divide is growing even as the racial gap is shrinking.Upbringing affects opportunity. Upper-middle-class homes are not only richer (with two professional incomes) and more stable: they are also more nurturing. In the 1970s, there were practically no class differences in the amount of time that parents spent talking, reading and playing with toddlers. Now the children of college-educated parents receive 50% more of what Mr. Putnam calls “Goodnight Moon” time (after a popular book for infants).Working-class parents, who have less spare capacity, are more likely to demand that their kids simply obey them. In the short run this saves time, in the long run it prevents the kids from learning to organize their own lives or think for themselves. Poor parenting is thus a barrier to social mobility, and is becoming more so as the world grows more complex and the rewards for superior cognitive skills increase.Stunningly, Mr. Putnam finds that family background is a better predictor of whether or not a child will graduate from university than 8th grade test scores. Kids in the richest quarter with low test scores are as like to make it through college as kids in the poorest quarter with high scores.Mr. Putnam suggests a grab-bag of policies to help poor kids reach their potential such as raising subsidies for poor families, teaching them better parenting skills, improving nursery care and making after-school baseball clubs free. He urges all 50 states to experiment to find out what works. A problem this complex has no simple solution.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Mr. Putnams new book?2.“Goodnight Moon” time (Line 5, Para. 4) refers to the time of（ ）.3.We can infer that working-class parents（ ）.4.What does Mr. Putnams finding about test scores suggest?5.In the passage, the author mainly discusses（ ）.问题1选项A.Marital birth rate almost keeps unchanged among college graduates.B.Non-marital births have been decreasing among high-school graduates.C.African-Americans have given birth to more non-marital children.D.More high-school-educated whites have children before marriage.问题2选项A.providing opportunity for kidsB.giving more nourishment to kidsC.being involved in the education of kidsD.reading popular books to infants问题3选项A.tend to be more strict with childB.forbid kids to think independentlyC.overlook changes of the societyD.need training for education问题4选项A.Students from rich families dont need to study hard.B.Parental education affects kids academic results greatly.C.Kids in poor families can hardly graduate from colleges.D.Family background can make up for academic flaws.问题5选项A.how parents should bring up their childrenB.how family background influences schoolingC.what the greatest barrier to social mobility isD.various classes educate kids differently【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由第三段“Among the educated elite the traditional family is thriving: fewer than 10% of births to female college graduates are outside marriagea figure that is barely higher than it was in 1970. 在受过良好教育的精英阶层中，传统家庭正在蓬勃发展:女性大学毕业生的非婚生育比例不到10%这一数字仅比1970年高了一点点。”可推知大学毕业生结婚后生育率几乎没有太大变化。故A项正确。B项“在高中毕业群体中，非婚生子女一直在减少”，文章只是在第三段第四句中提到高中教育程度的白人生育非婚生子女的情况增加了，故排除；C项“非裔美国人非婚生子女更多”，作者主要从不同教育阶层比较非婚生子女的比例，并没有整体比较白人和非裔美国人的非婚生子女情况，故排除；D项“更多高中教育程度的白人在婚前生子”，作者在本段第四句提到高中教育程度的白人非婚生子女率有所提高，这与婚前生子概念不同，因此D项与原文意思不符，故排除。2.词义题。由第四段“In the 1970s, there were practically no class differences in the amount of time that parents spent talking, reading and playing with toddlers. Now the children of college-educated parents receive 50% more of what Mr. Putnam calls Goodnight Moon time (after a popular book for infants). 在20世纪70年代，父母花在与幼儿交谈、阅读和玩耍上的时间几乎没有阶级差异。现在，受过大学教育的父母的孩子得到的时间比帕特南所说的晚安，月亮多了50%。”可推断出Goodnight Moon time是指父母参与孩子教育的时间，故C项正确。3.