2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷25

2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题She said that she had （ ）courage to fight （ ）brutal man because she had（ ） support from（ ）Lord.问题1选项A.the .a.the./B./.a.the./C.a.a. the. theD.the.a.the.the【答案】D【解析】考查冠词的用法。courage 是不可数名词，用the修饰; man是可数名词，且上文没有提及过，用不定冠词修饰; support指从Lord那里得到的支持，特指，用the修饰；Lord是专有名词，且独一无二，用the修饰。因此，选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science study-which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders （1） below the world average in math. And thats not even（2）part. Consider this as you try to（3）which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global（4） , Singapore.It isnt exactly a news flash these days（5） Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say this study（6） because it monitored Variables both inside and outside the classroom. Lazinessthe factor often（7）for Americans poor performanceis not the culprit here. American students（8） spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany.（9） , they get more homework and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say is not the kids but the curriculum that is too（10） . The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries.Teachers actually agree the Americans need to（11）their kids to more sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers dont recognize that（12） these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. Most educators rely（13） on textbooks and rote learning. While many textbooks cover（14） ideas, most do so superficially,（15） students with the, techniques but not the mastery, of the broader principles.问题1选项A.recordedB.scoredC.gainedD.climbed问题2选项A.the leastB.the lessC.the worstD.the worse问题3选项A.carry outB.figure outC.count upD.show up问题4选项A.villageB.leaderC.friendD.country问题5选项A.whatB.whereC.whenD.which问题6选项A.ineffectiveB.comparableC.importantD.delighted问题7选项A.ignoredB.viewedC.exaggeratedD.blamed问题8选项A.vastlyB.accuratelyC.actuallyD.merely问题9选项A.As is knownB.To begin withC.Not only thatD.Even so问题10选项A.smallB.shortC.easyD.poor问题11选项A.relateB.exposeC.leadD.instruct问题12选项A.whereB.whyC.howD.whether问题13选项A.hardB.exclusivelyC.intentionallyD.consequently问题14选项A.advancedB.colorfulC.controversialD.ambitious问题15选项A.carryingB.expectingC.leavingD.shaping【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。record意为“记录，记载”；score意为“得分”；gain意为“获得”；climb意为“攀登”。由tested a half-million students in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders 26 below the world average in math.（在41个国家测试了50万学生，美国八年级学生的数学低于全球平均水平）可知B选项最为恰当。（2）考查逻辑关系。根据前句可知美国学生的数学成绩很差以及空格后面的top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global（前10%的美国数学系学生的得分与全球平均水平相当），可知the worst（最差的，最糟糕的）符合逻辑，此处表示“这一点还不是最糟糕的”。（3）考查词组辨析。carry out意为“实施，执”；figure out意为“理解，弄清”；count up意为“计算总数”；show up意为“出现，揭露”。此处表示“弄清楚哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位”，因此选B。（4）考查逻辑关系。Singapore是the global_的同位语，由前面的which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century（哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位）可知leader（领导者，领袖）符合逻辑，指新加坡在数学上属于全球领先地位。（5）考查定语从从句。空格处前后为两个完整的句子，用关系副词引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的there days，因此用when引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语。（6）考查形容词辨析。ineffective意为“无效果的”；comparable意为“可比较的”；important意为“重要的”；delighted意为“高兴的，愉快的”。此处表示“这项调查很重要”，因此选C。（7）考查动词辨析。空格处为过问分词作定语修饰the factor。 ignore意为“忽视”；view意为“观看，查看”；exaggerate意为“夸张，夸大”；blame意为“把归咎于，责怪”。此处表示“对美国学生表现不佳的原因进行指责”，因此选D。（8）考查副词辨析。vastly意为“极大地”；accurately意为“正确无误地，准确地”；actually意为“实际上”；merely意为“仅仅，只不过”。由前面的Laziness is not the culprit here.（懒惰不是罪魁祸首），可知美国小学生实际上念书的时间比日本和德国都要长更符合语境，因此选C。（9）考查逻辑关系。as is known意为“众所周知”；to begin with意为“首先，起初；not only that意为“不仅如此”；even so意为“虽然如此，即使如此”。由前面可知美国学生在课堂花的时间比德国和日本小孩要多，以及空格后的they get more homework（他们有更多的家庭作业）可知此处表示递减关系，因此选C。（10）考查逻辑关系。由后面句子The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries.（这项研究发现，美国八年级学生的课程中包含了其他国家七年级学生掌握的课程）以及前句“教育工作者说，问题不在于孩子，而在于课程太了”，可知easy（容易的）符合逻辑。（11）考查动词辨析。relate意为“（把）联系起来”；expose意为“暴露，显露，使面临”；lead意为“代领，领路”，lead to意为“导致”；instruct意为“指示，命令”。此处表示“教事实上，老师们也同意美国人需要更早地给他们的孩子接触更高的数学水平”，因此选B。（12）考查名词性从句。此处表示“专家认为这种理念和如何教这些概念一样重要”，因此用how引导主语从句。（13）考查副词辨析。空格处为副词修饰动词rely on。hard意为“努力地，费力地”；exclusively意为“排他地，独占地，完全地”；intentionally意为“有意地，故意地”；consequently意为“因此，所以”。此处表示“很多专家只信赖教科书和死记硬背”，因此选B。（14）考查形容词辨析。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”；colorful意为“鲜艳的”；controversial意为“有争议的，引起争议的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的，有野心的”。由句中的while可知前后是转折关系，与superficially（浅薄地，肤浅地）相对的是advanced，因此选A。（15）考查动词辨析。空格处为现在分词担当伴随状语。carry意为“运送，携带”；expect意为“期望”；leave意为“离开，丢弃”；shape意为“塑造”。此处表示“给学生留下的只是技巧而不是掌握更高深的理论”，因此选C。3. 单选题It would seem that Miller cannot have been on friendly terms with the gardeners there, or he would have made a（ ）of visiting them.问题1选项A.moveB.useC.pointD.remedy【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。move “行动，举措”；use “使用”；point “要点”；remedy “补救；改进”。句意：看起来米勒不可能和那个园丁友好相处了，否则他会认为有必要去拜访他们。Make a point of “认为有必要”。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The spontaneous movement of water across a membrane, （ ） gradient of water concentration is called osmosis.问题1选项A.drives aB.driven by aC.has drivenD.drove【答案】B【解析】语法（分词短语做后置定语）题。首先固定搭配a gradient of，所以排除C和D选项，其次，The spontaneous movement与空格后的gradient of water concentration是被动关系，所以B选项的过去分词短语做主语的后置定语正确。整句话的句意是在水的浓度梯度驱使下，水分子通过半透膜的自主运动叫做渗透作用。5. 单选题Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property（1）from creative thinking and may include products,（2）, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected（3）misappropriation (盗用). Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without （4）compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the（5）of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office（6）a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is（7）. The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owners（8）for a period of 20 years.Copyright are similar to patents（9）that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an（10）artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy,（11）, display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The（12）of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author（13）an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and（14）it from similar goods of others. A service mark is similar to a trademark（15）is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the（16）or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and（17）of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace.（18）registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be（19）for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as（20）as the marks use continues.问题1选项A.retrievesB.deviatesC.resultsD.departs问题2选项A.servicesB.reservesC.assumptionsD.motions问题3选项A.forB.withC.byD.from问题4选项A.soundB.partialC.dueD.random问题5选项A.usersB.ownersC.mastersD.executives问题6选项A.affordsB.affiliatesC.fundsD.grants问题7选项A.solemnB.soberC.uniqueD.universal问题8选项A.perspectiveB.permissionC.conformityD.consensus问题9选项A.exceptB.besidesC.beyondD.despite问题10选项A.absoluteB.alternativeC.originalD.orthodox问题11选项A.presumeB.stimulateC.nominateD.distribute问题12选项A.rangeB.lengthC.scaleD.extent问题13选项A.plusB.versusC.viaD.until问题14选项A.distractB.differC.distinguishD.disconnect问题15选项A.orB.butC.soD.whereas问题16选项A.identicalB.analogicalC.literalD.parallel问题17选项A.ambiguityB.utilityC.popularityD.proximity问题18选项A.FromB.OverC.BeforeD.Upon问题19选项A.recurredB.renewedC.recalledD.recovered问题20选项A.longB.soonC.farD.well【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:B第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】1.考查动词辨析。result from表产生的原因、相关的；result in则表示结果。本句话的意思是：知识产权源于创造性思维，可能包括产品、服务、工序和想法。因此C选项正确。2.考查上下文语义。service服务；reserve拥有；assumption假定，假设；motion移动。句意为：知识产权源于创造性思维，包括产品、服务、过程和想法。产品到服务是一个衔接的过程，因此A选项符合题意。3.考查固定搭配。protect from保护不受危害。句意为：知识产权受到保护，不得盗用。因此D选项符合题意。4.考查固定搭配。due compensation应得的报酬。句意为：侵吞是指未经适当补偿而将他人的知识产权用于获取金钱利益。因此C选项正确。5.考查名词辨析。users使用者；owners拥有者；masters雇主；executives管理者。本句意为：知识产权所有人受到法律保护。知识产权属于个人，只有所有者才能享受专利，版权和商标的法律保护，因此B选项符合题意。6.考查动词辨析。grant授予、同意；afford支付；affiliate使并入；fund资金。句意为：如果美国专利局批准了一项专利，它就是在确认该知识产权是独一无二的。表明专利是十分重要的，需要得到授予批准，因此D选项符合题意。7.考查形容词辨析。unique独一无二的；solemn冷峻的、表情严肃的。知识产权属于个人，是独一无二的。C选项符合题意。8.考查名词辨析。permission允许；perspective态度观点；conformity to/with sth遵从、遵守；consensus共识。句意为：这项专利禁止他人在20年内未经所有者许可而制造、使用或销售该发明。因此B选项符合题意。9.考查介词辨析。except除之外（用于所言不包括的人或事物前）；besides除之外（还）；beyond超过；despite尽管。本句意为：版权与专利类似，不同之处在于版权适用于艺术作品。版权适用于艺术作品是不包含在类似点里的，所以用except，因此A选项符合题意。10.考查形容词辨析。original原创的；absolute完全的；alternative可选择的；orthodox普遍接受的，规范的。本句意为：版权保护原创的艺术作品和智力作品，如歌曲、小说的创作者。因此C选项符合题意。11.考查动词辨析。distribute分发；presume假定；stimulate促进、激发；nominate任命、指派、挑选。本句意为：版权赋予所有者复制、发布、展示或执行作品的专有权。从复制到执行是一个衔接过程，因此D选项符合题意。12.考查名词辨析。extent强调程度限度（的范围：how extent 多大程度上）；range用于科学学科中的数据范围，单维/纵深范畴 (山脉mountain range，单向隆起的就是山脉)；length（时间）持续的长短。句意为：版权的时长通常是作者的寿命加上70年。因此B选项正确。13.考查上下文语义。plus加上；versus与对比；via by的意思；until直到。句意为：版权的时长通常是作者的寿命加上70年，因此A选项正确。14.考查动词辨析。distinguish使区分；distract分散转移；differ不同；disconnect使分离。Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product andit from similar goods of others.商标是指将一种产品和该产品的制造商与其他类似产品区分开来的文字、名称或符号，可推测填入distinguish，因此C选项符合题意。15.考查上下文语义。这里是转折关系，上句为“服务标志类似于商标”下句为“用于识别服务”用but连接，服务标志类似于商标但事实用于识别服务的。因此B选项正确。16.考查形容词辨析。identical同一的；analogical相似的；literal字面意义的、缺乏想象力。A trademark prevents others from using the identical or a similar word, name, or symbol商标可以防止他人使用相同或者相似的词，从而达到一个保护专利的目的，因此A选项符合题意。17.考查名词辨析。popularity受欢迎；ambiguity歧义；utility公共事业，有用、实用、实用程序。根据句意可推测A trademark prevents others from using the identical or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and. of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace.商标可以防止他人使用相同或相似的词、名称或符号来利用品牌的认可度或在市场上造成混乱，需填入和认可度同等意义的词，因此C选项符合题意。18.考查介词辨析。upon registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years通过注册，商标的授予期限通常为十年。over超过；from从；before在之前都不符合句意。D选项正确。19.考查动词辨析。renew重新获得，根据a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years(一个商标的注册期通常为十年)和下句It can be renewed for additional ten-year periods indefinitely(它可以被无限期地续期10年)可推测商标需要重新获得才能继续使用，因此B选项符合题意。20.考查句型。as long as只要，the marks use continues.(商标的继续使用)是It can be renewed for additional ten-year periods indefinitely(它可以被无限期地续期10年)的条件，用“只要”连接，因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题I wish（ ）to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear its a beautiful city.问题1选项A.I wentB.I had goneC.to goD.to hive one【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，以表示与事实相反的情况，针对现在时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去时”的虚拟形式；针对将来时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去将来时”的虚拟形式；而针对过去时间段的愿望，宾语从句则常用“过去完成时”。本题根据“I was in Sweden”可以看出是最后者，表示与过去事实相反的情况。句意为：我听说斯德哥尔摩是座美丽的城市。真希望在瑞典时去过那里。因此选B。7. 单选题When the governor of the province arrived in the town hall he was immediately surrounded by local officials who tried every way to ingratiate themselves （ ）the governor.问题1选项A.withB.ofC.intoD.under【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。ingratiate oneself with sb. “奉承某人，讨好某人”。当省长到达大厅时，他立刻被当地官员那些想讨好他的官员团团围住了。选项A符合题意。8. 翻译题1.When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can to keep your space-probes sterile (无菌的). NASA, Americas space agency, certainly does so. After all, you would not want hugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive.But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar system was young. For Dr Mileikowsky has taken a century-old idea called panspermia (有生源说), and shown that it is plausible.2.Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it (assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place, “infecting” new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in biology, geology and celestial mechanics, Dr Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds.3.Bungling space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites. Most of these are small bits of junk from the asteroid (小行星) belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rockdecentsized asteroids or comets.4.If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep inside rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size.5.If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surfacewhere, if anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.【答案】1.当我们发射宇宙飞船到其他星球时，尽可能使太空探测器保持无菌状态是明智的。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是这样做。毕竟，我们不会希望一个星球的污染波及另一个它们可能繁衍的地方。但根据斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院的库特米里科夫斯基的说法，这可能在几十亿年前太阳系统还很年轻的时候就已经自然发生了。因为库特米里科夫斯基博士采用了一个有百年历史的“有生源说”理论，并证明了它的合理性。2.有生源说理论认为，生命并非独立起源于拥有生命的各个行星（假设其他行星上也有生命）。而是从一个地方弹跳似的传播到另一个地方，每到一个新世界就将那里“感染”。在生物学、地质学和天体力学方面的专家的支持下，库特米里科夫斯基博士在亚特兰大举行的美国天文学会会议上指出，这也并没有听起来那么奇怪。3.除了空间组织混乱之外，向微生物开放的唯一通道似乎是陨石。其中大多数是小行星带上的少量垃圾，它们已经偏离航向。但是，有些岩石却被行星表面抛入太空，这是因为这些行星被更大的小块岩石撞击，这些岩石是大小适中的小行星或彗星。4.如果在这样的行星上存在生命，那么它的微观形式可能会像在地球上一样生活在深部的内部岩石中。加速起飞不会杀死那么大的东西。5.如果一块岩石足够大，那么它扔出去时所产生的热量是微不足道的，除了在它的表面，在任何地方融化可能会产生不透气的皮肤，以保护更深层的微生物免受空间真空的伤害。9. 单选题These（ ）salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的、预期的”；B选项perspective “透视的”；C选项respective“分别的、各自的”；D选项protective“保护的”，句意为：本课程将向这些保险业务人员介绍相关法规和业务策略。因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题The number of copies the paper seils seems to be in（ ）proportion to the amount of news it contains.问题1选项A.diverseB.inverseC.reverseD.averse【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。in reverse“相反”，本句意为“这份报纸的发行量似乎与它所包含的新闻量成反比”，这句话想要表达的是报纸发行量太少，in reverse表达“相反”的意思使得句子逻辑成立。因此选项C正确。11. 单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the （1） of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel（2） to go to bed and pleased when the journey（3） .On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed（4） earlier than usual. When I（5） my cabin, I was surprised（6） that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected（7） but there was a suitcase（8） mine in the opposition corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet（9） , except that he was wearing（10） good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not（11） whoever he was and did not say（12） . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered（13） as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a（14） was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten（15）the door, so I got up（16）the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and（17） the moon shone through it on to the other bed.（18） there. It took me a minute or two to（19） the door myself. I realized that my companion（20） through the window into the sea.问题1选项A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sake问题2选项A.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiring问题3选项A.achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the end问题4选项A.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehow问题5选项A.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached at问题6选项A.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to see问题7选项A.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be alone问题8选项A.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same that问题9选项A.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhere问题10选项A.a soB.soC.such aD.such问题11选项A.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well together问题12选项A.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to him问题13选项A.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself up问题14选项A.draftB.voiceC.airD.sound问题15选项A.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closing问题16选项A.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shut问题17选项A.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing so问题18选项A.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyone问题19选项A.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember locking问题20选项A.has to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:A第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）固定搭配。For the reason of “原因是”；for the motivate of “动机是”；for the cause of “原因是”；for the sake of “为了”。句意：他们航行不是为了自己的兴趣。选项D符合题意。（2）语法题。Tired “疲劳的”，修饰人；tiring “令人疲劳的”，修饰物。主语是we，所以排除C和D项。又因为enough修饰形容词需要后置，选项A符合题意。句意：当我们感到非常疲倦而上床睡觉时，大多数人都是愉快的。（3）动词词义辨析。Achieve “达到”；finish “结束”；is over “结束”；没有搭配 be in the end。句意：当旅途结束的时候。因为句子的主语为the journey，根据主谓一致原则，谓语需用第三人称单数，选项A和B可排除。选项C符合题意。（4）副词词义辨析。Quite “相当”；rather “相当”；fairly “公平地”；somehow “以某种方式，不知为何”。因为空格后为earlier形容词的比较级，rather可修饰比较级，句意：第一天晚上，我觉得特别懒，比平时更早上床睡觉。选项B符合题意。（5）词组辨析。Arrive in “到达”；arrive to “达成”；reach为及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词。句意：当我到达船舱。选项A符合题意。（6）固定搭配。根据固定搭配be surprised at doing “看到某事正惊讶”, be surprised to do “惊讶地看到某事”, be surprised that “惊讶于”，可排除选项A。句意：我很惊讶地看到，将有一个同伴和我一同旅行，这使我感到有点不开心。选项D符合题意。（7）固定搭配。根据固定搭