2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷7

2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题（ ） the corporate ladder is not simple task.问题1选项A.AscendingB.AccedingC.AcceleratingD.Assenting【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句子结构，可知本句为主系表结构，动词的ing形式作主语。Ascend “攀登，上升”；accede “加入，同意”；accelerate “使加快”；assent “赞成，同意”。句意：攀登公司的阶梯并非易事。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The concept of personal choice（ ）health behaviors is an important one.问题1选项A.in face ofB.in case ofC.in relation toD.in charge of【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项in face of“面对、面临”；B选项in case of“假如、万一”；C选项in relation to“关于、涉及”；D选项in charge of“负责、掌管”，句意：个人选择与健康行为的关系是一个重要的概念。个人选择与健康行为是相关的关系，因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The journey usually takes five weeks but you should（ ）delays caused by bad weather.问题1选项A.arrange forB.account forC.allow forD.apply for【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项arrange for“安排、安顿”；B选项account for“说明、解释”；C选项allow for“考虑到、估计”；D选项apply for“申请、请求”，句意为：这趟旅行通常需要五个星期，但你应该把恶劣天气造成的延误考虑在内。因此选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The earliest histories were not（1）, but oral- songs and sagas such（2） the battle and adventure（3） told（4） the poet Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey.The wandering bards（5）passed these stories（6）generation to generation made no attempt to sort（7）fact from fiction. For them, the grand legends of gods and supernatural heroes were（8） real and important（9） actual events. Today we know that many of these ancient sagas,（10）exaggerated, do have a real basis in fact.The story of the Trojan war, told in the Iliad, was long thought to be pure（11） ; however, today we can visit the ruins of Troy and walk through the gateway, guarded（12）a ruined tower, through which the（13） soldiers marches to meet the forces of the invading Greeks. What is（14） , the man who discovered the ruins of the city made use of no documents or research materials other than Homers description of（15）location.The fabulous “one-eyed giant” who hurled rocks down（16）Odysseuss ship in Odyssey has been identified as the volcano of Mount Etna, which（17） frequently poured out rocky death, and whose cone can glow（18） a single eye against the dark of night. Nearby, in the sea off the coast of Sicily,（19） some huge and jagged rocks which look as if a giant（20）have hurled them there, just as Odysseus homecoming sailors reported.问题1选项A.spokenB.toldC.writtenD.talked问题2选项A.asB.atC.inD.on问题3选项A.talesB.historiesC.commentsD.reports问题4选项A.byB.becauseC.atD.over问题5选项A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which问题6选项A.fromB.forC.becauseD.in问题7选项A.toB.forC.fromD.out问题8选项A.asB.atC.forD.because问题9选项A.likeB.thanC.asD.but问题10选项A.asB.althoughC.sinceD.rather问题11选项A.fictionB.novelC.articleD.anthology问题12选项A.byB.overC.onD.for问题13选项A.TrojanB.ancientC.RomanD.Italy问题14选项A.manyB.moreC.muchD.great问题15选项A.theirB.herC.hisD.its问题16选项A.toB.inC.uponD.its问题17选项A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having问题18选项A.likeB.similarC.forD.as问题19选项A.liesB.lieC.layD.laid问题20选项A.mustB.needC.canD.might【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题:A第14题:B第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。空格后的but表示转折关系，所以空格所填写的词与空格后的oral是对应的，oral 表示“ 口头的”，跟他相对的词是C选项的written “书面的，文字的”。（2）固定搭配题。空格所在这一句是用诗人荷马在伊利亚特和奥德赛中讲述的战斗和冒险进行举例论述上一句话，such as为固定搭配，表示“例如，比如”，A选项正确。（3）名词词义辨析题。A选项tales “故事”；B选项histories “历史”；C选项comments “评论，注解”；D选项reports“报告，专题”，此处是对于空格前的songs and sagas歌和长篇故事进行的举例，所以应该是同义词，A选项的“故事”符合句意，正确。（4）介词词义辨析题。此处句意是故事是通过诗人荷马讲述的，表示被动，引出动作的承受着时用介词by，A选项正确。（5）语法（定语从句）题。空格所在句是一个定语从句，修饰先行词The wandering bards，先行词是人，并且在句子中做主语，所以用引导词 who，B选项正确。（6）固定搭配题。此处要表达的意思是把这些故事从一代传到下一代，from.to表示“从到”，A选项正确。（7）固定搭配题。空格所在句要表达的意思是吟游诗人们将故事一代一代往下传，从没有尝试过将事实从虚构中分离来，D选项的固定搭配sort out表示“分类，挑选出”，正确。（8）固定搭配题。根据上一句的意思，吟游诗人从没有尝试过将事实从虚构中分离出来，而这一句是对前面一句的解释，句意是 是因为对于他们来说，上帝和超自然英雄的伟大传奇都是与实际的事件一样真实与重要的，而表示与一样，用as.as，A选项正确。（9）固定搭配题。与28题的空格构成固定搭配as.as，C选项正确。（10）逻辑关系题。空格所在这一句意思是我们知道很多的古代长篇故事是夸大了的，下一句是实际上的确有现实依据的，这两句在逻辑上是一种让步关系，B选项的although “尽管，虽然”可以表示让步关系，正确。（11）形容词词义辨析题。空格所在句后有一个表示转折的关键词however，且下文中的“today we can visit the ruins of Troy and .如今我们可以参观特洛伊的废墟”，由这两点我们可知空格表示的是特洛伊一直以來都被认为是纯粹虚构的，A选项的fiction “虚构的”正确。（12）固定搭配题。guarded 的逻辑主语是ruins of Troy，两者之间是被动关系，所以用A选项的介词by，表示“被保卫、看守”。（13）逻辑关系题。根据文学常识知道，特洛伊战争是特洛伊士兵与希腊入侵者进行的战争，所以这里是指特洛伊的士兵，A选项正确。（14）固定搭配题。固定搭配What is more表示“而且，更重要的是”，根据下文意思，也可以确定这一句是用来表示证据的递进的，所以B选项正确。（15）语法（物主代词）题。此处要表达的意思是“更重要的是，发现这座城市废墟的人除了荷马对位置的描述外，没有使用任何文件或研究材料。”，所以要用物主代词its 表示“它的”，D选项正确。（16）介词词义辨析题。此处要表示的意思是“独眼巨人”将岩石猛投到了奥德修斯的船上，C选项中的on表示“在之上”，正确。（17）语法（时态）题。空格所在句为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“the volcano of Mount Etna”，根据空格后的频度副词frequently “频繁地，经常地”和主句部分的现在完成时态可知空格也是现在完成时，而且定语从句的主语为单数，所以B选项正确。（18）介词词义辨析题。空格后的a single eye表示“像一只眼睛一样”，是采用了比喻的修辞手法，A选项的like表示“像一样”，可以用在比喻句中，正确。（19）语法（时态）题。分析原文句子可知，此处是地点状语前置的倒装结构，地点在前，物体在后，表示“在西西里岛的海岸有很多岩石”，rocks是复数，所以动词用原形， B选项正确。（20）语法（虚拟语气）题。空格前的as if “犹如，好像”可以确定本句是虚拟语气句子，所以用D选项食物助动词might。5. 单选题Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would（ ）discussions and ignore comments not in agreements with his.问题1选项A.facilitateB.illustrateC.illuminateD.dominate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项facilitate“促进、帮助”；B选项illustrate“说明、阐明”；C选项illuminate“说明、照亮”；D选项dominate“控制、支配”，句意为：由于老板的挑剔和独裁，他会主导讨论，忽视与他意见不一致的意见。因此选项D正确。6. 翻译题Read the following passage and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem.Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures as has happened with the Sperpas of Nepals Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising number of second home development in the Swiss Pays dEnhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewelry.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because peoples desire to see new places will not just disappear.Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception .【答案】在过去的几年里，有关旅游业问题的报道层出不穷。然而，这并不一定是一个问题。在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区的社区已经明确，他们的未来取决于更有效地将旅游业与当地经济结合起来。该地区的公共奶酪生产也出现了复兴，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源。仅仅限制旅游业不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方观光的渴望不会消失。现在问题的关键是，这能否成为常态，而不是例外。7. 单选题It took this disabled boy a long time to（ ）the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.问题1选项A.come up withB.come down withC.come up toD.come to terms with【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come up with“提出、想出”；B选项come down with “染上病、付钱”；C选项come up to“达到、符合”；D选项come to terms with“妥协、屈服”，句意为：这个残疾的男孩过了很长时间才接受了他没有资格上大学的事实。选项D符合题意，因此选D。8. 单选题Eating disorders have been most commonly associated with women and therefore most studies on anorexia nervosa have been concentrated within the female population. Such gender bias however makes it less likely that a doctor will diagnose a male as having an eating disorder or anorexia nervosa even though the symptoms might be identical.Men are far less likely to discuss an eating disorder with other men or with women. Their doctors are more likely to diagnose them as having a bout of depression due to stress or some kind of upset rather than suffering from an eating disorder because such disorders have been largely labeled female diseases. This is mostly due to cultural differences between men and women.Discussions about beauty, new diets and body weight are seen as the female arena of discussion that males seldom enter. Also, traditionally mens beauty is displayed in body mass, building muscle, and body building and therefore to discuss issues surrounding weight loss is not seen as particularly masculine because men “Dont have psychological problems” and “Dont talk about their feelings” even though men do suffer from anorexia.The disease is far more common in the Western world than anywhere else and there is much cause for concern as recent research suggests that the disease is on the increase. The disease mostly manifests itself during adolescence when the signs of obvious weight loss become apparent. People who suffer from the disease have a genuine and constant terrifying fear of gaining weight, even when their weight is much less than people of their same height and stature.Doctors have been able to characterize the disease because the sufferers body weight is about 15% below average for their height. Suffers also tend to avoid fatty foods, use laxatives, diuretics or engage in excessive exercise. Because people live in a world obsessed with image and a fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between anorexics and those who have a higher interest in their physical appearance than most people. Anorexics can be distinguished from non-anorexics because weight loss is completely self-induced vomiting until eventually the situation fast gets out of control.Sufferers are also completely preoccupied with their bodies and actually believe themselves to be fat when in reality they are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers. They also begin to lose interest in activities their peers are involved in such as socializing and very often become withdrawn. These are common symptoms in many adolescents but coupled with the obvious and drastic weight loss and lack of concentration it is easier to diagnose an adolescent with the beginning stages of anorexia.The actual cause of the disease is unknown but scientists believe that biological and social factors play a role and sometimes the disease can be triggered by traumatic events such as a death in the family, stress or the onset of puberty.While it is true that most sufferers of the disease are female, some 10% are male. Studies show that there are differences between male and female anorexics. Female sufferers tend to view themselves as fatter, more overweight than males with the same condition. Males tend to engage in less self-induced vomiting, take fewer laxatives and diuretics, are more motivation but have more physical complaints. It has also been suggested that there is a link between homosexuality and males afflicted by the disease. The actual figure is unknown and it is important to understand that such a link does not indicate that all male sufferers of anorexia nervosa or eating disorder are homosexual. Also there tends to be a higher rate in suicide attempts in male sufferers. The biggest problem, however, is diagnosing male anorexia or eating disorder because of the common belief that such diseases are essentially female although the medical profession is more aware of male anorexia than ever before.Sufferers can go many years without treatment but eventually sufferers lose more body weight, as much as 25%-30%, which leads to chronic illness and even death. The mortality rate is as high as 5%. Others are lucky because sometimes the onset of the disease can temporarily complete recovery.There is treatment for sufferers of this terrible disease. In some cases sufferers are treated by medication, usually when the disease is accompanied by severe depression. Usually though, sufferers are referred to a psychologist or a therapist and are encouraged to join self-help groups and are counseled by people who have first-hand experience of the disease themselves.1.Why might a doctor wrongly diagnose an eating disorder in males as stress related?2.In paragraph 3, why does the author infer that male beauty is different from female beauty?3.In paragraph 5, why does the author say that its sometimes difficult to distinguish non-anorexics from genuine sufferers?4.In paragraph 5, which of the following statements most accurately reflects the authors opinion about the fashion and cosmetics industry?5.In paragraph 6, why does the author state that in reality sufferers are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers?问题1选项A.Men suffer from stress much more than women.B.Women are much more likely to be concerned about their appearance.C.The statistics are far higher in women.D.Some diseases are thought to affect women more than men.问题2选项A.Women think make-up is necessary to make them look beautiful.B.Its not considered very manly to discuss fashion and ones appearance.C.Men think women find muscles attractive.D.Male beauty focuses on the physical aspects of the body.问题3选项A.Our societies have become preoccupied with appearance.B.Most people these days avoid eating fatty foods.C.Exercise has become a recognized health hazard.D.Most young want to have the ideal body weight.问题4选项A.It is responsible for a lot of suffering among young adults.B.It is the root of all eating disorders because people want to be thin.C.It projects an unattainable image of perfection.D.It has produced a society that judges people by appearance.问题5选项A.To explain that the disease is caused by the weight loss problem.B.To argue that peer pressure can cause stress to some people.C.To point out that obsession with their bodies resulted in the problems.D.To persuade that sufferers have serious psychological problems.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。定位到文章第一段，Eating disorders have been most commonly associated with women and therefore most studies on anorexia nervosa have been concentrated within the female population.（饮食失调通常与女性有关，因此大多数关于神经性厌食症的研究都集中在女性人群中）表明这项调查对女性的研究统计更多，因此选项C符合题意。2.事实细节题。定位到文章三段，Also, traditionally mens beauty is displayed in body mass, building muscle，and body building（此外，传统上，男性的美体现在体重、肌肉和健美上）这句话表明男性更多关注身体在物理方面的养成，因此选项D符合题意。3.观点态度题。定位到文章第五段，Because people live in a world obsessed with image and a fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body（因为人们生活在一个被形象所困扰的世界，时尚和化妆品行业迫使人们树立理想身材的形象）表明医生难以区分厌食症患者和那些比大多数人更关注自己外表的人是由于大多数人都想有理想身材，因此选项D符合题意。4.观点态度题。定位到文章第五段，fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body（时尚和化妆品行业迫使人们树立理想身材的形象）表明作者认为时尚和化妆品行业是促使人们保持身材的源头，因此选项B符合题意。5.作者意图题。定位到文章第六段，Sufferers are also completely preoccupied with their bodies and actually believe themselves to be fat when in reality they are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers. They also begin to lose interest in activities their peers（患者还完全专注于自己的身体，实际上认为自己很胖，而实际上他们营养不良，比同龄人瘦得多。他们也开始对同龄人参与的活动失去兴趣，比如社交活动，而且常常变得孤僻）表明作者在强调患者已经出现一系列心理问题，而患者却不自知，选项D符合作者想要强调的内容，因此选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Id （ ）his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.问题1选项A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项take into account“考虑、顾及”；B选项account for“说明、解释”；C选项make up for“补偿、填补”；D选项make out“理解、辨认”，句意为：我想知道他在当地其他农民和商人中的声望，然后决定是否批准贷款。D选项符合句意，因此选D。10. 单选题Personnel department takes charge of deciding who should be（ ）our Paris branch.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transmittedC.transferredD.transported【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。transplant“移植”；transmit“传输”；transfer“转让、移交”；transport“运输”。本句意为“人事部门负责决定谁被调到巴黎分公司去”，此句提到人事部门，所以有关系的转接，因此选项C正确。11. 单选题People who consider paperback publishing a recent phenomenon often do not realize （ ） paperbound.问题1选项A.that the dime novels of the 1860s wereB.that the dime novels were of the 1860sC.there were dime novels of the 1860s whichD.that the dime novels of the 1860s which were【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据动词realize和选项，可知空格中应填入宾语从句。因为there不能充当宾语引导词，选项C可排除。根据选项的宾语从句句子结构，可知宾语从句为主系表结构，主语为the dime novels of the 1860s，were paperbound为谓语部分。句意：认为平装本出版是最近的一种事物的人往往没有意识到19世纪60年代的廉价小说就是平装书。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Alcoholism and drug addiction has already reached epidemic proportions in the 21st Century. One of the biggest misconceptions about addiction is that it only affects certain groups within society: for example that poor people from poor neighborhoods and ethnic minorities are more likely to be addicted to alcohol and drugs. The truth is however that addiction is blind to race, color and socio-economic background. Another fact is that drug and alcohol related crimes are increasing all over the world.There are many reasons why a person might first try drugs. Some of these might include peer pressure from friends, stress and personality characteristics. People take drugs and alcohol because of the elevating or relaxing effects they have on the body otherwise people wouldnt take them in the first place.But as the person develops a habit, the chemistry of the brain starts to change and adapt, demanding more and more of the drug as it resists the discomfort of withdrawal. The person becomes an addict and the initial masons for taking the drug soon pale in significance as the need for drugs and or alcohol begins to dominate every aspect of the addicts life. Addictions are lifelong illnesses that are very hard to treat. The disturbing fact is that 1/3rd of patients who do receive treatment usually relapse within one year.Many scientists believe that addiction is related to our most basic instinct, survival. Since the beginning of time our brain has evolved to ensure the survival of our species. The brain controls behavior by rewarding actions that will ensure survival of the species. For example, the intake of nutrients such as sugars and fats activate taste receptors that in turn activate brain reward mechanisms. The activation of these mechanisms produces certain changes in the individual ranging from being in a much better mood to intense pleasure and euphoria. We are far more likely to continue to seek out