2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第14期

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Is it true that the company is going bankrupt? I didnt mean to eavesdrop what you said. I just （ ）it.问题1选项A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。overcome克服；overwhelm淹没，压倒；overheard无意听到；overlook忽视。句意：那家公司要破产了，是真的吗？我无意偷听你们说话，只是无意中听到的。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.问题1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise “简明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精确的”；elaborate “详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题This ticket （ ）you to a free boat tour on the lake.问题1选项A.entitlesB.appointsC.grantsD.credits【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。entitle给某人权利或资格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允许；credit信任，归功于。句意：这张票使你有资格免费在湖上乘船游览。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题I absolutely oppose the （ ）that privatization（私有化）is now inevitable in our industry.问题1选项A.noticeB.notionC.impressionD.conscience【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题When his contract was （ ）unexpectedly, he desperately needed a new job.问题1选项A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accomplish “完成，实现，达到”；expire “期满；终止”；fulfill “履行，实现，满足”；terminate “终止，结束”。句意：当他的合同被出乎意料地终止时，他极度需要一份新工作。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题The plot of the novel （ ）the economic development of the village.问题1选项A.evolves withB.emerges fromC.blends withD.attaches to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。evolve with意为“随进化”；emerge from意为“（从）露出，浮现，产生于”；blend with意为“与协调或和谐”；attach to意为“依附，附属与，喜爱”。句意：小说情节随着村落经济的发展而演变。7. 单选题If this kind of fish becomes （ ）, future generations may never taste it at all.问题1选项A.minimumB.shortC.seldomD.scarce【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。minimum最小的；short短的；seldom很少，不常；scarce缺乏的，不足的。句意：如果这种鱼变得稀缺，未来的几代人可能再也尝不到它的味道了。选项D符合语境。8. 翻译题一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。自古以来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉，我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。当今社会要求我们思考，生命的价值到底是什么？为自己？为社会？有衡量它的标准吗？每个人对这些问题的答案是不同的。【答案】What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common laborers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country.Nowadays society requires us to think what is the value of life. For oneself? For the society? Is there a standard to measure it? Everyone has different answers to these questions.9. 单选题The factory presents a sharp （ ）to the one I visited a few days ago.问题1选项A.comparisonB.compromiseC.differenceD.contrast【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。comparison意为“比较，对照”指相同处的比较；compromise意为“妥协”；difference意为“差异，差别”；contrast意为“对比，对照”，指不同处的比较。此处是将“the factory”与几天前参观的那个工厂“the one”进行对比，因此选D。句意：这家工厂与我几天前参观的工厂形成了鲜明的对比。10. 单选题An international treaty signed several years ago （ ）trade in plants and animals of endangered species.问题1选项A.bansB.eliminatesC.promotesD.protects【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。ban意为“明令禁止，取缔”；eliminate意为“排除，取消”；promote意为“促进，推进”；protect意为“保护，保卫”。由主语an international treaty（国际条约）和宾语trade in plants and animals of endangered species（濒危动植物的贸易）可知谓语动词用ban符合逻辑。句意：几年前签署的一项国际条约禁止濒危动植物贸易。11. 单选题A landing on Mars is within the（ ） of current physical theory.问题1选项A.dimensionB.volumeC.magnitudeD.scope【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dimension “维，尺寸”；volume “量，体积；卷”；magnitude “大小，量级”；scope “范围”。句意：登陆火星属于现代物理理论的范围。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题（ ）, theres a good reason for her absence, as she doesnt usually stay away from work.问题1选项A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。ideally “理想地”；principally “主要地”；presumably “大概”；originally “原始地”。句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were （ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace “取代”；distract “分心”；disperse “分散，传播”；discard “丢弃”。句意：尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上，但注意力还是被隔壁房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The meeting was（ ） by the National Association of Women for the purpose of furthering the womens liberation movement.问题1选项A.chairedB.sponsoredC.participatedD.assigned【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。chair意为“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor意为“赞助（活动、节目）等，主办，举办”；participate意为“参加，参与”；assign意为“分派，选派，分配”。句意：会议由全国妇女协会主办，目的是促进妇女解放运动。15. 单选题The weather wasnt favorable and both teams had to （ ）icy rain and a strong wind during the match.问题1选项A.pin downB.contend withC.get stuck inD.take control of【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。pin down发现，查明，确定；contend with对付，与.作斗争；get stuck in陷入.加紧进行；take control of取得对.的控制。句意：天气不太好，在比赛期间两队都不得不和冰冷的雨水以及大风作斗争。所以选项B符合句意。16. 单选题AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened Americas （ ）process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.问题1选项A.efficientB.stagnantC.complexD.appropriate【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题A Korean manufacturer has （ ） us a price ten percent lower than yours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer “涉及”；offer “提供”；give “给予”；tell “告诉”。句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said. “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Fords statements. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and managements, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the police of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more job, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the world business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business-referring to the biggest companies-is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feeling of insecurity for many.1.The United States is a typical country（ ）.2.The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that（ ）.3.According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S dreaming that（ ）.4.Henry Fords statement can be taken negatively because（ ）.5.A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in（ ）.问题1选项A.which encourages free trades at home and abroadB.which normally works according to the federal budgetC.where all businesses are managed in a scientific wayD.where peoples chief concern is how to make money问题2选项A.Americans of all professions know how to do businessB.even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC.most newspapers are run by big businessesD.even arts and entertainment are regarded as business问题3选项A.they can start profitable businesses thereB.they can be more competitive in businessC.they will make a fortune overnight thereD.they will find better chances of employment问题4选项A.working people are facing to fight for their rightsB.there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC.there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD.public services are not run by the federal government问题5选项A.reduction in the number of employeesB.improvement of working conditionsC.fewer disputes between labor and managementD.a rise in workers wages【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“亨利福特的话意味着美国人的生活都是建立在商业价值上的”（By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world），换句话说，美国人关心的就是如何去创造商业价值，选项D“人们主要关心的问题是如何赚钱”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段主要讲述了与报纸相关的内容，无论是什么类型的报纸，都能看到与商业相关的内容。文章第二段最后一句话提到即使是艺术和娱乐都被看成是“娱乐业”（The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”），这证明了美国的商业影响非常广泛。选项D符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一句话提到“这么多人来美国生活的一个重要原因是他们可以在这里找到更好的工作”（One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job），选项D符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到了亨利福特的观点的负面影响：大公司与劳动力之间的矛盾（And the term big business-referring to the biggest companies-is seen in opposition to labor），选项C “大公司与劳动力之间存在对立关系”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一家公司想低消耗，高利润，会导致什么结果？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“裁员上千员工失业，公司花费减少，利润增加”（Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feeling of insecurity for many），选项A “雇员人数减少”符合题意。19. 单选题The offer of a free overseas tour （ ）him into buying the villa on the hillside.问题1选项A.discouragedB.committedC.temptedD.tangled【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。discourage阻止，使气馁；commit犯错，委托；tempt诱惑，引起；tangle使纠缠。句意：因为提供免费的境外旅游诱使他买下了山坡上的别墅。选项C更符合语境。20. 单选题In the new cabinet budget, a proportion of 3 per cent is fixed for the feeding and （ ）of those below the poverty line.问题1选项A.unemploymentB.dwellingC.exploitationD.evolving【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。unemployment“失业”；dwelling“住处，寓所”；exploitation“开发，开采，剥削”；evolving“演变，进化”。句意：在新内阁的预算中，3%的预算用于为那些在贫困线以下的人提供食物和住处。选项B符合题意。