2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷96

2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 填空题Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one part that is grammatically incorrect. Mark out the erroneous part and then put the correct form in the brackets following the sentence.36. Basing on the research of the foreign language, this paper concludes the ways to learn English well. （ ）37. Nations, sensing a threat of their economies, tried to take actions to protect themselves. （ ）38. The fund was designed to encouraging the growth of international trade by stabilizing currencies. （ ）39. How many life insurance does the average person buy? （ ）40. Sports in America take a various of forms: organized competitive struggles, athletic games and hunting and fishing. （ ）【答案】36.basingbased37.economieseconomy38.encouragingencourage39.manymuch40.variousvariety【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。37.这里的主语是nations “国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。39.life insurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用how many修饰，应该把many改为much。40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。2. 填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA Last July, Julie Baldocchis mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents preferences, wishes an goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.I Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout,” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “Its a hard job.” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that I be here for her now.11. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.12. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their childrens financial motives.13. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.14. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.15. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.16. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.17. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.18. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may bum out or become depressed.19. One will have to petition the court to be the parents legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.20. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.【答案】11.G12.D13.H14.C15.A16.B17.D18.I19.C20.F【解析】11.题干：当年迈的父母不能安全地生活在家里时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是送他们到成人护理机构。由题干的an adult care facility可以定位到G选项第二句But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子们就很难把他们送到成人看护机构”，这里是题干的同义替换，所以答案选G。12.题干：谈论长期护理并不容易，因为有时年迈的父母会怀疑子女的经济动机。由题干定位到D选项第三句Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives“年迈的父母有时会怀疑孩子的经济动机”从这里可知答案选D。13.题干：除了提前计划财务或医疗护理，家庭照顾者还承担许多其他责任。由题干的finances or medical care“财务或医疗护理”定位到H选项倒数第一二句Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.“这不仅仅是关于财政或医疗保健的预先计划。这就是所有。”她说。这句符合题干题意，所以答案选H。14.题干：持久委托书和医疗代理书的区别在于后者允许某人就医疗治疗作出决定。通过题干的attorney和a health care proxy（医疗代理）定位到C选项的第二句话The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. （For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.）“该指令包括几个部分，包括：持久委托书，赋予某人代表另一人做出财务决定的法律权力；医疗代理，类似于委托书，但允许某人就医疗作出决定；还有一份生前遗嘱，列出了临终护理的指导。（例如，父母可以说他们是否想通过人工手段维持生命）”，这里说出了委托书和医疗代理的不同，所以答案选C选项。15.题干：巴尔多奇并不想把母亲送到养老院，但她很难照顾她。文章定位到A选项倒数第二句话She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother.“她有一份全职工作，而且背部有问题，这使得她很难抱起她的母亲”从这里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的难处，工作，背伤都让她心有余而力不足，所以A选项正确。16.题干：2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮助成年人进行日常活动。根据文章的数据42 million和2009可以定位到B选项倒数第二句话More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.“美国退休人员协会（AARP）2009年的一项调查显示，超过4200万美国人为日常活动需要帮助的成年人提供家庭照顾”，这句符合题干，所以选B选项。17.题干：如果一个家庭需要信息或帮助解决分歧，他们可以找很多人。根据文章中的sort out disagreement“解决分歧”定位到D选项倒数第二句话And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups.“美国退休人员协会（AARP） 2009年的一项调查显示，超过4200万美国人为日常活动需要帮助的成年人提供家庭照顾”，从这里可以看出当家庭成员有分歧时他们可以寻求律师，理财师等人的帮助，这个选项符合题意，所以答案选D。18.题干：照顾者应该注意自己的健康，否则他们可能会精疲力尽或变得抑郁。定位到I选项第一句话Caregivers need to also watch their own health.“护理人员也需要关注自己的健康”，这里跟题干属于同义替换，所以答案选I。19.题干：如果没有事先指示，孩子必须向法院申请成为孩子父母的合法监护人。根据文章关键词petition“请愿”和advance directive“预先指示”，定位到C选项最后一句话Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.“AgingC网站表示，如果没有事先的指示，这个家庭将不得不向法院申请指定父母的法定监护人”，这里表达的意思和题干相同，所以答案选C。20.题干：2011年，全国辅助生活费用的中位数为39135美元，这不在医疗保险的覆盖范围内。根据文章数据2011和$39,135可以定位到F选项倒数第一、二句The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.“根据Genworth的数据，2011年全国医保成本中值为39135美元。医疗补助计划不包括辅助生活”，这里和题干表达的意思相同，所以答案选F。3. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC. to approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650，an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.11. Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?12. During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because_.13. Which statement is true about population increase?14. The author of the passage intends to_.15. The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means_.问题1选项A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.问题2选项A.only one in ten persons could live past 40B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most placesC.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditionsD.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children问题3选项A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.问题4选项A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.问题5选项A.statistics of humanB.surroundings studyC.accumulation of humanD.development of human【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】11.推理判断题，第一段如此描述“the long, thin powder fuse（细长的火药引线）”:.burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”；B选项“一段很长时间的缓慢增长，然后是一段快速、戏剧性的增长时期”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“地球上的人太多了，而且数量每年都在迅速增加”，见正确选项解析，few和 rapid是反义词，所以不选，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“在很长一段时间内，死亡率超过出生率，然后在很短一段时间内，生育率较高，死亡率较低”，见正确选项解析，出生率超过死亡率属于反向干扰。12.事实细节题，定位到第二段倒数第二句话Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates.“通常，社会处于明显的灭绝危险之中，因为死亡率可能超过出生率”，从这里可以看出答案选B“在大多数地方，死亡率高于生育率”；A选项“只有十分之一的人能活过40岁”，定位到第二段倒数第三句话For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods.“在人类历史的大部分时间里，很少有十分之一的人能活过40岁，而婴儿期和儿童期是特别危险的时期”，从这里可以知道A选项表述正确，但是这不是社会处于危险中的原因，这里属于出处错误；C选项“由于条件恶劣，生孩子太危险了”，定位到文章第三段最后一句话but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.“而是传统上造成高死亡率的条件的改善”，这里只是说条件提高了，没说是因为以前生孩子很危险。这里属于无中生有；D选项“我们的祖先对多生孩子没有什么热情”，定位到第二段倒数第四句话There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality.“大多数地方的生育率都很高，但这通常与高死亡率相平衡”，从这里可知我们的祖先不是没有热情生孩子而是因为死亡率也高导致人口增长低，这里属于反向干扰。13.事实细节题，定位到第四段三四句and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world.“现在，人口已经从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人”，从这里可知A选项“从现在到2000年，人口可能会增加22亿”正确；B选项“目前每六个小时大约有50000个婴儿出生”，定位到第四段倒数第二三句Between 8000BC and 1650，an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours.“在公元前8000年到1650年间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时加一次”，人口增长的数量是出生人口减去死亡人口，所以根据文章说法每六个小时增加5万人的话，婴儿的出生数应该大于5万，B选项属于偷换概念；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年增长约8000万人”，定位到最后一段最后一句话The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.“每年增加约8000万人”由此可知C选项错误，这是现在的人口增长数不是从公元前8000年到现在的人口增长的年均增长数，这里属于张冠李戴；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间人口增长比1650年到现在更快”，结合B、C选项分析，D选项错误，是1650到现在的人口增长速度比公元前8000年到1650年的速度要快，这里属于反向干扰。14.主旨大意题，第一步，寻找文章话题导入，文章开门见山以人口问题为导入，第二步，关注首尾两段核心句，首段定位到最后一句It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”“ 将人口增长比作一根细长的导火索，稳定而断断续续地燃烧，直到它最终引爆并爆炸，这是非常正确的”，把人口增长比作炸弹；末段则是提出Demographic history can be divided into two major periods“人口历史可以分为两个主要时期”，历史的人口增长主要分为两个阶段。第三步，分析文章的行文结构，文章的结构是总分总，第一段讲述的是把人口增长比作炸弹，然后文章由此展开，第二段是解释为什么要这么作比喻，第三段讲述过去的人口增长曲线对现在人口快速增长有什么暗示，第四段就是对现在人口增长的总结和未来作出预估。文章定位到第四段第三四句话Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world.从这里可以看出，作者是在提醒人们人口增长的速度越来越快，暗含着对人们的警示意义，所以答案选A选项“警告人们不要在不久的将来发生人口爆炸”；B选项“比较过去和1650年后的人口增长模式”，文章虽然有提及，但是这是事实，不是作者写这篇文章的目的，这里属于出处错误；C选项“找出近年来人口快速增长的原因”，文章在第三段已经说出了人口快速增长的原因，那就是医疗水平的增加，这里不是作者意图，这里也属于出处错位；D选项“向我们展示人口增长的清晰和完整的画面”，文章虽然有提及，但这里题干的要求是作者的意图，这里属于出处错位。15.词汇推断题，第一步，定位到句中前后信息的衔接，即第一段最后一句话It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes” “将（）增长比作一根细长的导火索，稳定地、断断续续地燃烧，直到它最终引爆并爆炸，这是非常正确的”，第二步，篇章主旨，根据第14题可知，文章的主旨是在讲人口的增长，文章的出现的最多的是在不同阶段的人口数据，而第一段第二句话是文章的主旨句，由此可以推测答案选A选项“关于人口的统计”；B选项“环境研究”，从文章主旨上可以看出，全文都是在描述与人口增长的特征，所以排除B选项，这里属于无中生有；C选项“人类积累”文章没有谈到人类的积累，这里属于无中生有；D选项“人类的发展，”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。4. 单选题One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.” By