2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第91期

2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The scientist has made another wonderful discovery,（ ）is of great importance to science.问题1选项A.which I thinkB.which I think itC.of which I thinkD.I think which【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。which指代先行词discovery，在从句中作主语，I think作插入语时，引导词应放在其前面，因此选A。句意：这位科学家又有了一个了不起的发现，我认为这个发现这对科学很重要。2. 单选题As we are on the point of some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit（ ）.问题1选项A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transmit“传送，输送，发射”；B选项transfer“转移，搬迁，调动”；C选项transact“（与人或组织）做业务，做交易”；D选项transport“运送，运输”。由credit（信用）可知C选项符合语境，credit transacting表示“信用交易”。句意：由于我们正与他们进行一些重要的交易，我们想确切地了解他们的信用交易情况。3. 单选题You will see the lightning （ ）it happens, but you hear the thunder later.问题1选项A.the instantB.for an instantC.on the instantD.in an instant【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项the instant“一就”；B选项for an instant“片刻，一瞬间”；C选项on the instant“立即，马上”；D选项“立即，马上”。此处要表达的是“闪电一发生就能看见”，因此选A。句意：闪电一出现你就会看到，但你稍后才会听到雷声。4. 单选题The foreman read the（ ）of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.问题1选项A.prejudiceB.verificationC.verdictD.punishment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项prejudice“偏见，成见”；B选项verification“检验，检查，审核”；C选项verdict“（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，（经过检验或认真考虑后的）决定，结论”；D选项punishment“刑罚，惩罚”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知选C。句意：陪审团主席宣读了14遍有罪判决书，每个被告一份。5. 单选题If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be（ ）.问题1选项A.contaminatedB.pollutedC.annihilatedD.invaded【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contaminate“污染，玷污，腐蚀（人的思想或品德）”；B选项pollute“污染，弄脏 ”；C选项annihilate“消灭，毁灭，彻底击败”；D选项invade“侵入，侵略”。flirt with表示“调戏，玩弄，不认真地考虑”，deathly nuclear weapons表示“致命核武器”，结合语境可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：如果我们不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器，整个世界将被毁灭。6. 单选题The wealth of a country should be（ ）the health and happiness of its people measured as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard withD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in line with“跟一致，符合”；B选项in terms of“根据”；C选项in regard of“关于，至于”；D选项by means of“用，依靠”。根据measured（判断）可知B选项符合语境。句意：衡量一个国家的财富要根据它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物质产品。7. 单选题While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping （ ）to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔地，偶然”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即”。根据to give her long and flowing hair a smooth（来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发）及句意可知A选项符合逻辑，表示捋头发这个动作偶尔做。句意：在打字时，海伦有一个习惯，偶尔停下来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发。8. 单选题Neither of the two parties（ ）able to solve the problems of the poor.问题1选项A.areB.isC.have beenD.will have been【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。neither of+复数名词，谓语动词通常用单数形式。此处表示两个政党中没有哪一个能解决穷人的问题，此处是对客观事实的表述，故用一般现在时，因此选B。句意：这两个政党都不能解决穷人的问题。9. 单选题If the building project（ ）by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.问题1选项A.being completedB.is completedC.to be completedD.completed【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句中已有谓语动词is delayed，空格处为非谓语动词，排除B选项。A选项being completed表示正在进行的被动；C选项to be completed表示将来的被动；D选项completed表示一般被动。根据by the end of this month（到本月底）可知此处是对将来的假设，因此选C。句意：如果这个建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的计划被推迟，该建筑公司将被罚款。10. 单选题When（ ）at the door, she was given a warm welcome.问题1选项A.appearB.appearedC.appearingD.appears【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当主句与从句的主语一致时，可以省略相同的主语和be动词。此题从句中的逻辑主语为she，she与appear之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，选C。句意：当她在门口出现时，受到了热烈的欢迎。11. 单选题He set the engine of the car（ ）.问题1选项A.goingB.goC.to goingD.on going【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。set sth. doing表示“使开始”；set to do表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。12. 单选题This kind of material can （ ）heat and moisture.问题1选项A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heat and moisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。13. 单选题If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very（ ）.问题1选项A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项waxy“蜡制的，似蜡的，质地光滑的”；B选项sticky“粘性的”；C选项slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D选项greasy“多油的，油污的，油腻的”。由“If you work under a car when repairing it，you often get very_（如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会_）”可知D选项符合语境。句意：如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会弄得满身油污。14. 单选题Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modem world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.1.According to the passage, “scientific subculture” means（ ）.2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because（ ）.3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who（ ）.4.According to this passage, which of the following is true?5.The text most probably is（ ）.问题1选项A.cultural groups that are formed by scientists.B.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science问题2选项A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientistsB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific subcultureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science问题3选项A.are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried factsD.want to have a superficial understanding of science问题4选项A.English is a sexist language.B.Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C.Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.D.Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.问题5选项A.a book reviewB.the preface of a bookC.the postscript of a bookD.the concluding part of a book【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are.（他们还应该了解科学家生活的亚文化群体以及他们是什么样的人）和第三段中的We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it.（我们试图在这本书中给出一个准确的、最新的描述科学界及生活在科学界的人）可推测“scientific subculture（科学亚文化群体）”指的是由科学家组成的文化群体，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation.（因为它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一个方面，受过教育的人至少需要了解它的结构和运作）可知B选项“科学几乎影响我们生活的方方面面”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial（这本书是为聪明的学生或非专业人士而写的，他们的科学知识是肤浅的）可知A选项“聪明的大学生和不懂科学的门外汉”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals.（随着越来越多的女性进入传统的男性主导的领域并作出重大贡献，女性在科学亚文化中的作用日益增强，这不是一个独特的事件，而是社会各方面明显的趋势的一部分。然而，在讨论这些变化和贡献时，我们面临着一种有点性别歧视的语言，一种使用男性名词或代词来指代未指明的个人）可知D选项“男性名词或代词不应用于指科学家”符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章首段提出科学是我们文化的重大主题；第二段指出本书的读者对象；第三段指出科学界存在的语言性别歧视；最后一段指出本书有娱乐性和知识性。因此可以推测这篇文章是一本书的序言，选B。15. 单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave,（ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】考查时间状语从句。根据句意可知发生的事，是在我打算离开的时候，故空格处需要一个连词引导时间状语从句，排除A、B选项，occurred为短暂性动词，而while引导的从句动词必须是持续性动词，因此选C。句意：我有些失望且正要离开时，突然发生了一件事引起了我的注意。16. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.When the objects of an inquiry, in any department, have principles, causes, or elements, it is through acquaintance with these that knowledge and understanding is attained. For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its primary causes or first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its elements. Plainly, therefore, in the science of nature too our first task will be to try to determine what relates to its principles. The natural way of doing this is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature, for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification. So we must follow this method and advance from what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us, towards what is clearer and more knowable by nature. Now what is to us plain and clear at first is rather confused masses, the elements and principles of which become known to us later by analysis.【答案】在任何领域，当研究对象有其存在的原理、因素或元素时，只有通过了解这些事物，才能获得知识和理解。因为只有当我们知道某事物的主要成因或基本原理，并对其组成元素进行进一步分析时，我们才可以称我们了解该事物。因此，很明显，在自然科学中，我们的首要任务将是设法确定各原理之间的联系。这样做的自然方式是从对我们来说更清晰易知的事物开始，然后延伸至本质上更加清晰易知的事物，因为对我们来说，同样事物的可知性并不是相当的，并且也不是没有限制的。因此，我们必须遵循这一方法，从本质上模糊但对自己来说更加清楚的事物，发展到本质上既清晰又易知的事物中去。现在对我们来说，最简单明了的事物对大众来说是十分疑惑，其要素和原理可以通过后期的分析而为人们所了解。17. 单选题The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as “the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered.”When a plane passes the sound barrierflying faster than sound travelslisteners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of moleculessomewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate（波动）per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per secondalthough this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic.Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.The speed of sound is generally placed at 1.088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.1.According to this passage, “Mach” refers to（ ）.2.Sound is produced by（ ）.3.Decibel is（ ）.4.Which of the following is a TRUE statement?5.Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?问题1选项A.the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundB.a machineC.a Czech-born Australian physicistD.the pilot of the plane问题2选项A.vibrations of an object passing through the airB.spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondC.thundersD.a flying plane问题3选项A.the frequency of radiating wavesB.the pressure of radiating wavesC.the unit for measuring the intensity of soundD.the speed of sound问题4选项A.Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.B.Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.C.Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.D.Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.问题5选项A.The Prefix Mach.B.The Speed of Sound.C.The Frequency of Sound.D.The Intensity of Sound.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Mach is defined as “the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered.”（马赫被定义为“在被考虑的媒介中，火箭或飞机的速度与声速的比率”）可知选A。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules（声音是由物体的振动产生的，并通过分子的物质介质向外辐射的压力的交替增加和减少而传播）可知A选项“物体通过空气的振动”符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词decibel定位到文章倒数第二段中，由Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels.（强度，或响度，是这些辐射波的压力强度，以分贝为单位）可知C选项“测量声音强度的单位”符合题意。4.推理判读题。文章最后一段的“It varies in other temperatures and in different media.（它在其他温度和不同的介质中变化）”中的it指的是前句中的“the spend of sound（声音的速度）”，然后介绍了在不同介质中传播的速度不同，因此B选项“声音以不同的速度在不同的温度和不同的介质中传播”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。A选项仅适合文章第一段的主题；C选项仅适合第四段和第五段的主题；D选项仅适合第六段的主题。文章首段与尾段都提到了声音的速度，中间也有提到，因此B选项“声音的速度”符合题意。18. 单选题When Jack was eighteen he（ ）going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.问题1选项A.took toB.took upC.took forD.took on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take to“喜欢”；B选项take up“开始从事”；C选项take for“认为，当作”；D选项take on“承担”。根据句意可知A选项符合语境。句意：杰克十八岁时喜欢跟一群奇怪的人混在一起，常常在外面待到很晚才回来。19. 单选题One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies in the history of thought is caused by the uncertainty（ ）to solve a given problem by traditional methods previously applied to problems which seem to be of the same nature.问题1选项A.that is possibleB.whether it is possibleC.that it is possibleD.about what is possible【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句子主干为One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies is caused by the uncertainty（反复出现的挫折和悲剧之一是由不确定性引起的），由空格前的uncertainty（不确定性）可知此处表示的是“一种可能性”。因此选B，由whether引导的同位语从句对前面的抽象名词uncertainty进行解释说明。句意：思想史上反复出现的挫折和悲剧之一，是由不确定性引起的，即是否用传统的方法来解决一个给定的问题，这些方法以前应用于看起来性质相同的问题中。20. 单选题At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror（ ）curiosity.问题1选项A.gave away toB.gave way toC.go away toD.lived up to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项give away to“泄露，赠送，告发”；B选项give way to“向让步，向妥协，被替代”；C选项go away to“离开，消失，外出”；D选项live up to“遵守（诺言），符合，不辜负（期望）”。句中的but表示转折关系，可推测此处是指由最差的恐惧到后面的好奇，B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐惧中祈祷，但渐渐地，他的恐惧被好奇替代。