2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷38（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题_ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.问题1选项A.In spite ofB.Because ofC.But forD.As for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项In spite of“尽管”；B选项Because of“因为”；C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”；D选项As for“至于”。句意：_英语考试，上星期天我就去听音乐会了。根据语境，这里指的是因为有英语考试这个缘故，我没有去听音乐会，C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to drop out of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called “communes”, where they could follow their philosophy of “do your own thing”. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called “Drop City”. Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Keseys Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when the y helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana (大麻).Not all communes believed in the philosophy of “do your own thing”. However, Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinners “conditioning” techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”. Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1. Why did some young Americans decide to “drop out” of society during the 1960s?2. Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?3. Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to build dome-shaped house?4. What was the Twin Oaks commune based on?5. What is an “archeology”?问题1选项A.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.B.They did not want all people to be equal.C.They were not satisfied with American society.D.They wanted to grow marijuana.问题2选项A.On a farm in Tennessee.B.In an archeology in Arizona.C.In dome-shaped house.D.In old school houses.问题3选项A.Steve Gaskin.B.Buckminster Fuller.C.Paolo Soleri.D.B.G. Skinner.问题4选项A.The ideas of a psychologist.B.The belief that people must live closely together.C.The philosophy of do you own thing.D.Virginia in the late 1960s.问题5选项A.A city in Arizona.B.A technique to control people.C.A person who studies archaeology.D.A large building where people live closely together.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society.（20世纪60年代，许多美国年轻人对美国社会感到不满。）和第三句Some of them decided to drop out of American society and form their own societies.（他们中的一些人决定退出美国社会，组成自己的社会。），可知是因为不满美国社会，所以退出，C选项“他们不满意美国社会”正确。A选项“他们想参加越南战争”和B选项“他们不希望所有的人都是平等的”：根据第一段第二句They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal.（他们想结束越南战争，让所有美国人平等。），可知他们希望战争停止，也希望人人平等。D选项“他们想种植大麻”：根据第一段最后一句Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.（Steve Gaskin的追随者试图在田纳西州的一个农场定居，但由于该组织的一些成员因种植大麻被捕，他们不得不离开。），可知种植大麻不是退出社会的原因。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第三句a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States（这个团体自称“the Hog Farm”的团体，住在旧学校房子里，周游美国），可知D选项“在旧学校房子里”正确。A选项“在田纳西州的农场”：根据第一段最后一句Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee（Steve Gaskin的追随者试图在田纳西州的一个农场定居），可知这是Steve Gaskin的追随者而非“the Hog Farm”。B选项“在亚利桑那州的古迹”C选项“在圆顶的房子里”：根据第一段第五、六句A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called “Drop City”they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars.（一群艺术家在科罗拉多州南部建立了一个名为“Drop City”的公社他们用旧汽车的碎片建造了圆顶状的房子。），可知这里指的是“Drop City”而非“the Hog Farm”。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第六句Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars.（按照哲学家和建筑师Buckminster Fuller的想法，他们用旧汽车的碎片建造了圆顶状的房子。），可知B选项“Buckminster Fuller”正确。A选项“Steve Gaskin”，C选项“Paolo Soleri”和D选项“B.G. Skinner”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner.（Twin Oaks社区在20世纪60年代末于弗吉尼亚州成立，它基于心理学家B.F.Skinner的想法。），可知A选项“心理学家的想法”正确。B选项“人们必须紧密生活在一起的信念”，C选项“做自己的事情的哲学”和D选项“60年代末的弗吉尼亚”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章倒数第二句a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”（一个乌托邦城市亚利桑那，在这里2500人将紧密地生活在一个叫做“archeology”大建筑物里），可知这个乌托邦城市地点在亚利桑那，在“archeology”中人们紧密地生活在一起，D选项“人们住在一起的巨大建筑”正确，A选项“亚利桑那州的一个城市”错误。B选项“一种控制人的技巧”和C选项“研究考古学的人”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题I think I was at school, _ was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.even so【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项or else“要不然”；B选项and then“然后；其次”；C选项or so“大约”；D选项even so“即使如此”。句意：当我听到这个消息时，我想我是在学校，_是在和一个朋友度假。根据语境，这里指的是要么在学校，要么在度假，A选项or else“要不然”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Im acting as _ while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项agency“（尤指）代理机构，经销机构；（政府的）专门机构”；B选项policy“政策”；C选项deputy“副手；代理人”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差时，由我_。根据语境，这里指经理不在的时候，我来完成他的工作，C选项deputy“副手；代理人”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _ obtaining fresh water is not the least.问题1选项A.of whichB.whichC.with whichD.for which【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活在这个国家的西部有很多问题，其中获取淡水还不是小问题。横线到句尾是修饰problems的非限制性定语从句，语序还原为obtaining fresh water is not the least of problems，A选项of which符合题意。B选项which缺介词；C选项with which和D选项for which介词错误。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Yesterday was such a _ day we decided to go for a drive.问题1选项A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”；B选项dynamical“有生气的”；C选项avenue“（城镇的）大街”；D选项invitation“邀请”。句意：昨天天气_，我们决定开车去玩。根据语境，这里指的是天气适宜出门玩耍，A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题What are the _ farm products in this region?问题1选项A.principleB.princessC.principalD.prince【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项principle“原则，原理”；B选项princess“（除女王或王后外的）王室女成员”；C选项principal“最重要的，主要的”；D选项prince“王子，王孙”。句意：这个地区的_农产品是什么？根据语境，这里在问这里有什么农产品，横线处修饰farm products，C选项principal“最重要的，主要的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题I am never the first in line to try out or buy new technologies Case in point: I am the only person I know who has managed to survive on the planet this long without owning a cell phone. I live a simple, wire free life in a mountainous village on a remote island in the Aegean.This is why we moved here, to leave the city smog and the all-frantic pace behind us. Instead, we are surrounded by goats and cats. We made the right decision.A couple of weeks ago on the beach, I came across a salmon colored conch shell. Its a silly habit, but I hold a shell to my ear to see if I can hear the waves crashing. I never do, of course, but I repeat the exercise endlessly. I dont know why the thought hit me, but suddenly it occurred to me this shell was about the size of a first-generation cell phone. I decided to keep itEver since I brought it home, Ive been amusing myself by “dialing” it and waiting for it to ring. Amazing, this modern technology! I have called it and am quite taken with it.I figured it was time to test it out in the real world, minute as my “real world” is. I took it with me one day when we went out for lunch. As busy the other tables reached for their cell phones to check in with their bosses about this or that, I made my move. I held my shell phone to my ear and spoke briefly. I am a woman of few words.I watched for reactions, but nobody seemed the least bit concerned. On his way out, one diner complimented me on my unusual model. “Oh, its the latest in the Omega-22-Alpha series.” I smiled, “I bought it at the big electronics trade fair.”I had to laugh at my own joke: I havent been off my little Greek island for two years. I have completely forgotten what the interior of a bookstore or a movie theater looks like. I live 28sea-hours from Athens, truly in the middle of nowhere.The diner nodded, still taking me seriously. Perhaps he felt a bit embarrassed that he hadnt attended the trade fair. After all, nobody wants to admit being out of the loop about the latest trends, electronic or otherwise.I dont always carry it with me, but now I at least own a modern shell phone and am semi-connected to the rest of the planet. Of course, I wont hand out my number to just anybody. The last thing I want is a bunch of telemarketers finding me and interrupting my dinner to ask if I want to invest in time shares on a Greek island.I realize it was a bargain, but at the moment, I am having a bizarre bit of a technical difficulty with my wireless wonder. It may be my imagination, but whenever I pick up my phone, I distinctly hear the sea.1. A wire-free life as mentioned in the first paragraph refers to a life _.2. The authors test with her “shell phone” in the real world implies that _.3. The authors attitude towards modern life seems to be one of _.4. The author feels her decision to live on the island is a (n) _ one.5. The best title for this passage is _.问题1选项A.that is new technology independentB.that is simple and isolated from the rest of the worldC.that is subjected to no restraints of work and traditionsD.that is not connected with telecommunications devices问题2选项A.she is a person who tends to be indulged in self-amusementB.she is so long isolated from the world that she no longer understands itC.people are so busy with modern life that they cut themselves off from natureD.people do not communicate with each other as often as they did before问题3选项A.amazementB.dissatisfactionC.contentmentD.enthusiasm问题4选项A.bizarreB.correctC.imprudentD.tough问题5选项A.Life without New TechnologiesB.New Type of Cell phoneC.New Technologies and Modern LifeD.Features of Shell Phones and Cell Phones【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第一段第一句I am never the first in line to try out or buy new technologies Case in point: I am the only person I know who has managed to survive on the planet this long without owning a cell phone.（我从来都不是第一个尝试或购买新科技的人：我是我所知道的唯一一个在没有手机的情况下在这个星球上生存了这么久的人。），这里指的是不使用像手机这样的新科技，A选项“没有新科技”正确。B选项“简单，与世隔绝”：对应第一段第二句in a mountainous village on a remote island in the Aegean（在爱琴海某个偏远岛屿上的山村），这里指的是在地理位置上与世隔绝，与题干的内容无关，属于偷换概念。C选项“不受工作和传统限制”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。D选项“未与通讯设备连接”：这仅仅表达了字面意思，没有表达出深层含义，属于本末倒置。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第六段第一句I watched for reactions, but nobody seemed the least bit concerned.（我观察人们的反应，但似乎没有人在意。），可知没有人在意这个贝壳手机，都忙于自己的生活，注意不到大自然里面的事物，C选项“人们忙于现代生活，与大自然隔绝了”正确。A选项“她是一个喜欢自娱自乐的人”：根据第四段第一句Ever since I brought it home, Ive been amusing myself by “dialing” it and waiting for it to ring.（自从我把它带回家，我就一直在“拨”它，等它响，以此自娱自乐。），这里指的是拨贝壳手机的这个动作，而不是题干说的测试，属于偷换概念。B选项“她与世界隔绝太久，已不了解世界”：没有这样的意思，属于无中生有。D选项“人们不像以前那样经常交流”：文中没有对比人们在现在和过去的交流是怎样的，属于无中生有。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第二段This is why we moved here, to leave the city smog and the all-frantic pace behind usWe made the right decision.（这就是我们搬到这里的原因，把城市的烟雾和疯狂的步伐抛在身后我们做了正确的决定。），可知作者不喜欢之前在城市的生活，所以搬到了这个岛屿，B选项“不满”正确。A选项“惊奇”：作者没有这样的意思，属于无中生有。C选项“满意”和D选项“热爱”：和文章事实相反，属于反向干扰。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第二段最后一句We made the right decision.（我们做了正确的决定。），可知作者认为住在岛上是正确的，B选项“正确的”正确。A选项“古怪的”，C选项“轻率的”和D选项“艰难的”：作者没有这样的意思，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段作者点出自己对于新科技的不感兴趣，第二段讲搬到岛上，远离城市非常正确，第三、四段讲自己发现的新科技贝壳手机，并且把玩它，第五、六段讲人们没有注意到这个贝壳，最后几段讲自己在岛上的生活是怎样的，没有城市中的现代科技，和大自然紧密连接。综上所述，这篇文章讲述了作者搬离城市，没有现代科技的生活是怎样的，A选项“没有新科技的生活”正确。B选项“新型手机”，C选项“新科技和现代生活”和D选项“贝壳手机和手机的特点”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Under no _ will I go there again.问题1选项A.circumstancesB.situationC.environmentD.occurrences【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”，under no circumstances“无论如何都不”；B选项situation“形势，局面”；C选项environment“环境”；D选项occurrences“发生的事情；（某事物的）发生”。句意：在任何_下我都不会再去那里了。根据语境，这里指的是在任何情况下都不会再去那里，结合词组under no circumstances“无论如何都不”，A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.问题1选项A.presentsB.ought to presentC.would presentD.present【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：大家接受了由市长颁奖的建议。一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(demand, require, request, desire)后面可以跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即其谓语部分用should+动词原形，其中should可省略。这里suggest跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气，D选项“present”符合题意。A选项presents，B选项ought to present和C选项would present用法错误。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题All the information we have collected in relation to that case _ very little.问题1选项A.makes up forB.adds up toC.comes up withD.puts up with【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makes up for“弥补”；B选项adds up to“总计为；累计起来”；C选项comes up with“想出；赶上”；D选项puts up with“忍受，容忍”。句意：我们收集到的有关那个案件的所有资料_毫无价值。根据语境，这里指的是这些资料没有价值，B选项adds up to“总计为；累计起来”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题The age of gilded youth (纨绔子弟) is over. Todays under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents. Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation. When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations. Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology at Kings College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations. “Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners.” she said, “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetimes earnings to care for them.”The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, todays under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home, it is more likely to be a flat than a house. Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of 13,000. She now earns about 20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets the lunge sofa-bed to her brother. “My father took pity and paid off my student debts.” she said, “But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years-and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man.” Tinkers research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.1. By saying “the growth of the proportionto younger generations” (Para. 2), Anthea Tinker really means that _.2. Why are todays older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?3. Which factor pushed house prices?4. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?5. We can conclude from the passage that _.问题1选项A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed问题2选项A.Because they contributed a small portion in lax but enjoy more on the welfare system.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.问题3选项A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage tor young generation.D.The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.问题4选项A.By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marring a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.问题5选项A.Todays under-thirties are leading a miserable life in BritainB.Laura Lenox-Conynghams attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in BritainC.Life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.Elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Anthea Tinkersaid the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations.（Anthea Tinker表示，50岁以上人口比例的增长逆转了财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势。），可知因为50岁以上人口比例的增长，财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势被逆转。结合第一段第三句Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.（对1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明，与上一代人相比，他们可能终生面临更长的工作时间、更低的工作保障和更高的税收。）和第二段第一句These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations.（一项关于英国人口老龄化如何影响不同世代的研究揭示了这些发现。），可知Anthea Tinker的研究对老一代和年轻一代的财富进行对比，是为了证明人口老龄化让财富从年轻一代流向老一代，C选项“随着50岁以上的人口越来越多，出现了财富从年轻一代流向老一代的趋势”正确。A选项“目前财富从老一代流向年轻一代”和B选项“在传统上财富从年轻一代流向老一代”：和文中观点相反，属于反向干扰。D选项“随着50岁以上的人口越来越多，传统被颠覆了”：文中的重点是人口老龄化对财富趋势的影响，而不是对传统的改变，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第三、四句“Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners.” she said, “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system.”（“如今的中老年人口正在成为新的赢家。”她说，“他们缴纳的税款相对较少，但现在对福利制度的要求相对较高。”），可知A选项“因为他们贡献得少，但在福利制度上享受更多”正确。B选项“因为他们缴纳了很多税收，现在可以要求更多的福利制度”：他们没有缴纳很多税款，属于反向干扰。C选项“因为他们贡献得少，但现在可以很容易地赚钱”和D选项“因为他们在数量上超过了年轻一代，在当今社会享有更多的特权”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第一句The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices.（老年人数量的激增，其中许多人独自生活，也增加了对房产的需求，推高了房价。），可知D选项“老年人的数量越来越多，其中许多人独自生活”正确。A选项“许多独自生活的年轻人对房子的需求增加了”和B选项“许多年轻人需要租更多的房子”