2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷39

2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The （ ） of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.问题1选项A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。segregation “隔绝、分离 speficiation “规格、说明书”;spectrum “光谱、波段 ”；subscription “捐献、订 阅、定金、签署”。只有A项符合题意。句意：把那些有天赋的孩子们分离到加速班的举措将会在下周根据他们的学习成绩进行。2. 单选题A senior United Nations Childrens （UNICEF） official on May 29 praised China for its remarkable achievements in childrens welfare.A. H. M. Farook, UNICEFs operations area officer for China and Mongolia said that China “can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.”Chinas child population makes up one-fifth of the worlds total. “The reason behind the tremendous achievement is Chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society, he said.”“Whats more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” The UN official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the Beijing Childrens Welfare Home at the Shangri-la Hotel. Beijing.The hotel invites the orphans to share snacks, sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “Share the Sunshine” party, as a prelude to celebrations to mark the Childrens Day.The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400-500 yuan a month for an average orphan. An average Chinese workers earned 440 yuan a month during the first quarter this year. Go Xiaojin, deputy secretary-general of the China Youth Development Foundation（CYDF） said people from all walks of life have contributed to the welfare of the Chinese children. She said that CYDF set up the Project Hope in 1989, which calls on people across the country to donate money to help poor children to continue their schooling.By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2,074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. Three “Hope Stars” also attended the party. They were mode1 teenagers chosen among students who are economically supported by the Project Hope to further their nine-year compulsory studies in the poverty-stricken regions. They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the upcoming Atlanta Olympic Games this year.1. Children can grow healthily and happily as long as（ ）.2. Every year the Bejing Childrens Welfare Home spends（ ） on the orphans.3. CYDF collected 700 million yuan with the purpose of（ ）.4. We can infer from the text that（ ）.5. It is possible that this passage was written in（ ）.问题1选项A.parents take good care of them both at home and in societyB.the whole society care for children as well as their parentsC.Schools and teachers pay much attention to the growth of childrenD.Chinese people always give special attention to children who are in special need问题2选项A.1, 920,000 yuan 2,160. 000 yuanB.2, 160.000 yuanC.over 2, 400. 000 yuanD.2.200. 000 yuan or so问题3选项A.reducing dropoutsB.helping homeless orphansC.supporting the Chinese Team for the coming Atlanta Olympic GamesD.establishing 2, 074 Hope primary schools all over the country问题4选项A.every Chinese child has its own special need, so we should pay special attention to eachB.all the children in the poverty-stricken regions of China are too poor to go to schoolC.ever since liberation, the Chinese Communist Party has been concerned about the growth of the younger generationD.with the help of UNICEF officials, there are no more dropouts in China问题5选项A.1992B.1996C.1998D.2000【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“The reason behind the tremendous achievement is Chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society, he said. 他说，这一巨大成就背后的原因是在中国，家庭和社会都照顾儿童的悠久传统。可知中国小孩可以健康快乐成长的原因是社会和家庭对儿童的共同关心。故B项正确。A项只强调了父母的作用；C项只强调了学校和老师的作用；D项“中国人总是关注那些有特殊需要的孩子”这句话只提到了有特殊需要的孩子(比如孤儿)，而题干问的是在什么样的条件下，孩子们才能健康快乐成长，显然题干是指所有的中国孩子。故D项不选。答案B。2.推理计算题。由第六段The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. 以及第七段A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400-500 yuan a month for an average orphan.可知用于400多名孤儿的福利院的开支为 400x12x400=1920,000 到 400x12x500=2400,000之间，因为文中并未给出孤儿的确切数量和每个孤儿每月的确切开支，故福利院每年用于孤儿身上的开支是不确定的，只能是一个大概范围内的数字，范围为1920000-2400000之间。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后一段By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2,074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. 她说，截至去年年底，中国青少年发展基金会已筹集7亿元捐款，帮助建立了2074所希望小学，使125多万失学儿童重返校园。可知D项正确。4.推理判断题。由第六段“The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. 北京儿童福利院成立于新中国成立（1949）后不久，目前有400多名儿童。可知自新中国成立以来，北京福利院接收了400多名儿童，中国政府一直关心儿童的成长。故C项正确。A项“给每个孩子特特殊关注”是对原文“Whats more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.”的曲解。BD两项表述有误。5.细节事实题。由最后一句They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the upcoming Atlanta Olympic Games this year. 他们将成为今年亚特兰大奥运会中国队的火炬手。可知这篇文章写于亚特兰大奥运会举办的那年，也就是1996年。故B项正确。3. 单选题You arent going to the library, are you? （ ）, Im not going to the library.问题1选项A.YesB.NoC.OKD.All right【答案】B【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的回答根据实际情况作答，空格后为否定的情况，故用No.B项正确。4. 单选题Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer. 34. The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they dont bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry, says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into peoples lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”，so “capable”，so “human”，affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances （细微差距）and textured relationships with the computers as they can with people.” Turkle points out.1. The passage tells about（ ）.2. According to Prof. Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers strange behavior is（ ）.3. In Prof. Dertouzos opinion, we know that（ ）.4. The phrase “to develop an identity” （Para.4） means （ ）.5. The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.the strange behavior of the computer hackersB.the ultimate importance of bringing lip computer hackersC.different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenonD.the emergence of computer hackers问题2选项A.their strong desire to control the computerB.their ignorance of the responsibility of a programmerC.their incompetence in making new computer programsD.their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable问题3选项A.computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersB.the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenC.the hackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopleD.only a few hackers will be successful in their later life问题4选项A.to become distinguishedB.to seek an answerC.to build up a creative abilityD.to form a habit问题5选项A.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allB.though the hackers are in fact playing with the computer, there may be some benefitsC.the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowD.the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了不同人士（Joseph，电脑老师等）对黑客的看法，故C项正确。2.推理判断题。由“When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. 从这个角度来看，黑客现象也许并没有那么奇怪。可知该题答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry, says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。麻省理工学院教授迈克尔德图佐斯表示: “在麻省理工学院，那个曾经不得不被人从椅子上拽下来的黑客，如今已成为计算机行业的千万富翁。”两位前黑客成为了非常成功的苹果家用电脑公司的创始人。”可知这些黑客都成为了计算机行业的顶级成功人士，他们都是想控制电脑。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. 但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。”可知C项“这些黑客可能对于未来比其他人有更好的洞察力”正确。4.词义题。由第四段“She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not. 她说，电脑和电脑玩具已经在孩子们努力发展特性的过程中发挥了重要作用，因为它们可以让孩子们测试关于什么是有生命的想法。故to develop an identity是指孩子通过寻找答案来发展自己的特性。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。作者在本文提到了黑客有着与普通人不一样的洞察力，他们会把程序编得很复杂，目的只是为了控制电脑。并且文中提到了不少黑客已经成为计算机行业的顶级成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客与大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描绘的黑客形象并没有那么恶劣。故A项正确。5. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of Effect of Research or Study Event on My Later Life and Work , with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in English. Put your composition on Answer Sheet 2.1. What is the most unforgettable event in your research or study?2. Why is it so unforgettable?3. What is the effect of the research or study event on your later life and work? 【答案】略6. 单选题As my friend（ ） here before, I had to meet him at the railway station.问题1选项A.had never beenB.has never beenC.had been neverD.never was【答案】A【解析】考查时态。由后半句had to可知该句用的是一般过去时，而从句动作发生在meet之前，故用过去完成时，排除BD项。never一般放于had been之间，故A项正确。句意：因为我的朋友之前从未来过这里，我不得不去火车站接他。7. 写作题Directions: From June 1, 2008, China will ban shops from offering free plastic bag and has called on consumers to use baskets and cloth sacks instead to reduce environmental pollution. What do you think about this policy? Please write a composition of approximately 200 words on the following topic:Should We Ban Free Plastic Bags From Shops?In the first part, you should stale clearly your viewpoint on this issue. In the second part, you should support your viewpoint wilh appropriate details. In I he last part, you should bring what you have written Io a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in the loss of marks.Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. 【答案】略8. 单选题I never know whether the boss will dismiss me because of my being late for work, so I cant afford to（ ） my duties.问题1选项A.neglectB.denyC.refuseD.ignore【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。neglect“疏忽；忽视”；deny“否定；否认”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；ignore“忽视；不理睬”。句意：我从不知道老板是否将会因为我上班迟到而解雇我，所以我不能承受去疏忽我的职责。由前半句可知，此空表达的是“不能承受疏忽职责”之意，故A项正确。9. 单选题The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the Peoples Park that wore occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the peoples lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This events was triggered by the verdict （裁定）in the Rodney King beating. 32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most people,who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit（宣布无罪）the policemen involved. Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as is seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.1. Where is the passage most likely to be from?2. The 1989 San Francisco earthquake was mentioned to show（ ）.3. The term electronic city，（ para.2） refers to（ ）.4. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.Textbook of MediaB.ThesisC.Newspaper or MagazineD.Speech问题2选项A.how damaging the earthquake wasB.how people carried out rescue workC.the electronic media extend your consciousness and your contactD.the viewers impression of total disaster问题3选项A.Los AngelesB.San FranciscoC.BerkeleyD.Earth问题4选项A.the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney KingB.people can make their own judgmentsC.video coverage from helicopters had made people angryD.video coverage had provided powerful feedback问题5选项A.media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad results.B.most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with the verdict of jury.C.the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week.D.Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。本文通俗易懂，列举了大量实例让公众能更好地理解，具有很强的煽动性，说明了媒体报道既有好的一面也可能带来坏的影响，全面公正，符合演讲的风格。A项“媒体的教科书”和B项“理论”涉及到大量的理论支撑，本文并没有太多理论，相反举了大量例子。故AB项排除。C项“报纸或杂志”需要很强的画面感，语言应该言简意赅，与本文语言风格不符。故D项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. 这些媒体可以扩展你的意识和你的接触层面。例如，1989年旧金山地震的视频报道聚焦于“现场行动”，比如火灾或救援行动。这给观众一种灾难的印象。可知1989年旧金山地震的视频报道是对these media extend your consciousness and your contact的举例论证，故可推知该例子是为了表明这些媒体可以拓展你的意识和接触层面。C项是对“these media”的同义转述，故C项正确。3.词义题。由第二段“Television and telephone communications are linking people to global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.由or可知electronic city与“global village”地球村同义，再联系上下文可知，电子媒体将我们联系在一起，electronic city本义为电子城，在文中指电子媒体将地球上的人们联系起来。故D项正确。4.推理判断题。由第三段1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This events was triggered by the verdict in the Rodney King beating. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most people, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit（宣布无罪）the policemen involved. 1992年的一个令人悲伤的周三晚上，洛杉矶爆发了骚乱，许多人惊恐地目睹了这一切，似乎直升机上的视频报道助长了骚乱。这一事件是由罗德尼金殴打案的判决引发的。我们处于一个公众都能获得信息并且能作出判断的时代，大多数人到这个殴打视频后都不能理解陪审团为什么会宣布殴打无辜者的警察无罪。可知1992洛杉矶爆发骚乱的原因在于陪审团宣布殴打King的警察无罪。故A项正确。5.推理判断题。由第三段Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as is seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. 媒体对事件发生时的报道也提供了影响事件的有力反馈。这可能会产生有害的结果，就像洛杉矶周三晚上发生的那样。可知媒体对事件的报道会产生有害影响。而第二段提到了电子媒体对人们的生活的积极影响。故综合全篇来看，媒体对事件的报道既可以带来积极影响也可能带来有害的影响。故A项正确。B项“大多数看过罗德尼金殴打视频的人都同意陪审团的裁决。”与原文内容相反。C项“1992洛杉矶暴乱持续了一整个星期”，文中提到该暴乱开始与周三的晚上，于周六演变成和平集会，所以并不是持续了一整周。故C项不正确。D项与原文“By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along? 到周五晚上，公众看到罗德尼金在电视上恳求道:“我们能和睦相处吗？”不符，从原文可看出Rodney King并不是很生气。故D项错误。10. 单选题The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property（ ）the terms of the agreement.问题1选项A.by way ofB.in accordance withC.with regard toD.in relation to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。by way of“经由”；in accordance with“依照，与一致”；with regard to “关于，至于”；in relation to“关于，涉及”。句意：承租人必须（ ）协议条款来准备装修房屋。只有B项符合句意，表示根据协议条款来装修房屋。11. 单选题In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the internet. Books, compact discs. And even stocks were available from Word Wide Web sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $7.3 billion of goods over the internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that d