2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷55

2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Dont smoke in the meeting room. The smoke（ ）my eyes.问题1选项A.disturbsB.bothersC.upsetsD.irritates【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题TV, radio and newspaper are important（ ）for advertising.问题1选项A.featuresB.broadcastingC.publicationsD.media【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项feature“特色，特征”；B选项broadcast“广播”；C选项publication“出版，发表”；D选项media“媒介”。句意：电视、广播和报纸是广告的重要媒介。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题The driver was in an（ ）of sorrow because he had knocked the girl down.问题1选项A.agonyB.acheC.ailingD.ailment【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agony“苦恼，极度痛苦”；B选项ache“疼痛”；C选项ailing“不适，困扰”；D选项ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司机因为撞倒了那个女孩而感到极度悲痛。选项A更符合语境。4. 单选题His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of（ ） for his lameness and inability to play active games.问题1选项A.remedyB.compensationC.treatmentD.comfort【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项remedy“补救”；B选项compensation“补偿，报酬”；C选项treatment“治疗，处理”；D选项comfort“安慰，舒适”。句意：他的父母给了他许多昂贵的玩具，作为他跛脚而不能玩活动类游戏的某种补偿。选项B符合句意。5. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseMembers shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice.For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property” refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Section I through 7 of Part II.Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members. In respect of the relevant intellectual property right, the national of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Paragraph 3 of Article 5 or Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”)Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences of failure to abide by its rules. Every crime is composed of criminal elements. An element of a crime (collectively called elements of crime) is a basic set of common law principles regarding criminal liability that, with few exceptions, constitute the essential elements to prove that the defendant committed a crime under United States law. The jury must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed each element of the particular crime charged before deciding on a guilty verdict. The component parts that make up any particular crime vary depending on the crime. The basic components are mental state (Mens rea), conduct (Actus reus), concurrence and causation. However, the two necessary elements that must coexist for a crime to exist is that the defendant must have committed an act and that act must have been committed intentionally.【答案】各成员均必须实行本协定中的规定。各成员可以但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本协定规定的适当方法。在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部分第1节至第7节中的所有类别的知识产权。各成员应根据本协定的规定给予其它成员以国民待遇。对于相应的知识产权，其它成员的国民被认为是符合巴黎公约（1967）、伯尔尼公约（1971）、罗马公约和关于集成电路的知识产权条约中所规定的保护资格标准的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成员似乎都已加入了这些公约。任一运用了罗马公约第五条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应根据这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。刑法因未能遵守其规定导致的无可匹敌的严重潜在后果而是与众不同的。每项罪行由犯罪要素构成。一项罪行的一个要素（共同地被称为犯罪要素）是一套基本的关于刑事责任的普通法法则，而这些法则极少例外地构成了证明被告在美国法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在确定一项有罪裁定之前，陪审团必须无疑地确信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一个要素。组成任何特定罪行的构成要素依据罪行而变化。基本的要素是心理状态（犯罪意图），行为（犯罪行为），同时发生和起因。然而，对于一项罪行存而必须并存的两个必要要素是被告一定要犯下一个罪行且那个罪行是故意犯下的。6. 单选题Only a（ ）person would believe such an unlikely story about flying saucers.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.nonsensicalD.creditable【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。7. 单选题On entering the room, he（ ）his eyes round it but saw nothing strange.问题1选项A.jerkedB.flungC.tossedD.cast【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项fling“掷，抛”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D选项cast“投掷”。选项B，C，D都要投掷的意思，但只有选项D能与后面的round搭配使用，cast round意为“寻找”，句意：一进房间，他就环视四周（寻找），但没有发现什么奇怪的东西。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought. The gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the parties.This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. It started on Bastille Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18.000 heavily armed police. Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europes Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalization.Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some things are predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing.For the first time in a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the meantime, the global protest “movement” is developing its own language, texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains, just as the G8 leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters once disparate political and social analyses are converging. The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and development is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.But what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power.Their options apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them are to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or. more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses.Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings. Genoa may be the last of the European super-protests.1.According to the context, the word “parties” at the end of the first paragraph refers to（ ）.2.According to the passage, economic globalization is paralleled by（ ）.3.According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing ?问题1选项A.the meeting of the G8 leadersB.the protests on Bastille Day.C.the coming pan-European protestsD.the big protest to be held in Genoa问题2选项A.the emerging differences in the global protest movementB.the disappearing differences in the global protest movementC.the growing European concern about globalizationD.the increase in the number of protesters问题3选项A.Meeting in places difficult to reachB.Further repressing dissentC.Accepting the protesters agenda.D.Abandoning global meetings【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。结合上下文可知，这里的“parties”指的是第二段首句提及的“This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. 本周将有一场全欧洲的抗议盛宴。”选项C与原文表述一致，所以正确。2.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and development is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.各国政府和世界机构使资本和发展全球化的长期项目正在抗议的全球化中得到反映。”这句话的意思是对上文的总结，即全球抗议运动正在发展自己的语言、文字、议程、神话、英雄和坏人，就像G8领导人一样，世界各地的机构和企业越来越多地用同一套说辞进行对话。因此，抗议者曾经迥然不同的政治和社会分析正在合并。也就是说，他们之间的差异分歧正在逐步消除，因此选项B符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段第一句“Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings.布鲁塞尔正在考虑为国际会议建造一座超级堡垒。”这里的超级堡垒即上一段所提及的“retreat behind even higher barricades. 退到更高的街垒后面去。”也就是在难以到达的地方见面。选项A符合原文。9. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English第二条：专利法所称发明，是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。综上所述，原告认为：原告与被告天津天利食品有限公司签订的借款合同及抵押合同合法有效，理应全面、实际履行。从广义上来讲，中国司法体系的机构设置由三大部分组成：人民法院系统、人民检察院系统和公安机关系统。本协议经有关双方如期签署后生效，有效期为一年，从2010年2月1日至2011年1月31日。【答案】Article 2: The invention in patent law refers to the new technical solution put forward to products, methods and their improvement.As a whole, the accuser believe that the contract for loan and mortgage contract, made by the accuser and the accused Tianjin Tianli Food Co. Ltd., are effective and should be fulfilled entirely and practically.In its broad sense, the structural establishment in Chinas judicial system consists of three main parts, namely peoples court system, peoples procuratorate system and public security organ system.After being signed by both parties concerned as scheduled, the contract will become valid for one year from February 1, 2010 to January 31, 2011.10. 单选题The founding of new China（ ）peoples desire for independence.问题1选项A.declaredB.impliedC.manifestedD.announced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项declare“宣布，声明”；B选项imply“意味，暗示”；C选项manifest“表明，显示”；D选项announce“宣布”。句意：新中国的成立表明了人民对独立的渴望。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题It no secret we are a culture consumed by image. Economist have long recognized whats been dubbed the “beauty premium - the idea that pretty people, whatever their aspirations, tend to do better in, well, almost everything. Handsome men earn, on average, 5 percent more than their less-attractive counterparts (good-looking women earn 4 percent more); pretty people get more attention from teachers, bosses, and mentors; even babies stare longer at good-looking faces (and we stare longer at good-looking babies). A couple of decades ago, when the economy was thriving, we might have brushed off those statistics as superficial. But in 2010, theres a growing bundle of research to show that our bias against the unattractive is more pervasive than ever. And when it comes to the workplace, its looks, not merit, that all too often rule.Newsweek surveyed 202 corporate hiring managers, from human-resources staff to senior-level vice presidents, as well as 964 members of the public, only to confirm what no qualified (or unqualified) employee wants to admit: from hiring to office politics to promotions, even, looking good is no longer something we can dismiss as frivolous or vain. Fifty-seven percent of hiring managers said qualified blit unattractive candidates are likely to have a harder time landing a job, while more than half advised spending as much time and money on “making sure they look attractive” as on perfecting a resume. Asked to rank employee attributes in order of importance, meanwhile, managers placed looks above education: of nine character traits, it came in third, below experience (No.l) and confidence (No.2) but above where a candidate went to school” (No. 4). Does that mean you should drop out of Harvard and invest in a nose job? Probably not. But a state school might be just as marketable. “This is the new reality of the job market,” says one New York recruiter. “Its better to be average and good-looking than brilliant and unattractive.Todays working women have achieved “equality”: they dominate the workforce, they are household breadwinners, and they balk at having to subvert their sexuality, whether in the boardroom or on the beach. Yet while the outside-work milieu might accept the empowered yet feminine ideal, the workplace surely does not. Studies show that unattractive women remain at a disadvantage in low-level positions like secretary, while in upper-level fields that are historically male-dominated, good-looking women can suffer a so-called bimbo effect. They are viewed as too feminine, less intelligent, and less competent not only by men but also by their female peers.1.The “beauty premium” called by economists means that（ ）.2.What have researches in 2010 proved when it comes to workplace?3.What can we learn from the survey conducted by Newsweek?4.What can we learn about todays working women?5.What is “bimbo effect” according to the last paragraph?问题1选项A.beautiful people perform better in their jobB.a good image is very important in landing a jobC.good looks ensure success in almost every aspectD.people should invest money and time to be better looking问题2选项A.it is superficial to attach importance to physical appearance.B.it is common to prefer the attractive and have a bias against the unattractive.C.It is the general rule to value beautiful looks more than merit.D.It is looks rather than ability that play a critical role.问题3选项A.A perfect resume does not matter in hunting a job.B.Beautiful people tend to be more self-confident.C.Beauty is an advantage for anyone with any education.D.Cosmetic surgery is suggested to make people more competitive.问题4选项A.They are enslaved by ridiculous beauty standards.B.They make up a fraction of the workplace.C.They are confined to be the role of office toy.D.They are unwilling to subvert their sexuality.问题5选项A.The idea that women are at a disadvantage in workplacesB.The bias that beautiful women are frivolous or vain.C.The notion that beautiful women are not intelligent or competent.D.The prejudice that women should do jobs of low-level positions【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“beauty premium”定位到第一段第二句“the idea that pretty people, whatever their aspirations, tend to do better in, well, almost everything.漂亮的人，不管他们的志向是什么，几乎在所有事情上都会做得更好。”选项C 符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据时间点“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“But in 2010, theres a growing bundle of research to show that our bias against the unattractive is more pervasive than ever. And when it comes to the workplace, its looks, not merit, that all too often rule.但在2010年，越来越多的研究表明，我们对相貌平平的偏见比以往任何时候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力决定一切。”选项A在文中没有提及；选项C相对于选项B和D来说更加准确，因此本题选C。3.判断推理题。根据关键词“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“新闻周刊调查了202名企业人事部经理，从人力资源的员工到高级副总裁，以及964名公众，只是为了确认不合格员工想要承认的事情：从招聘到办公室争斗再到晋升，实际上，看上去不错不再是我们认为无价值的或者无用的而不予考虑。”选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项D明显错误；所以只有选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Todays working women have achieved “equality”: they dominate the workforce, they are household breadwinners, and they balk at having to subvert their sexuality, whether in the boardroom or on the beach.今天的职业女性已经实现了“平等”：她们在劳动力中占据优势；她们是家庭的经济支柱；她们因为不得不颠覆性别而畏畏缩缩，不管是在会议室还是在海滩上。”也就是说，她们是不愿意颠覆自己的性别的。选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“They are viewed as too feminine, less intelligent, and less competent not only by men but also by their female peers.她们被认为太女性化、不够聪明、不够能干不仅是男性，她们的女性同龄人也这么认为。”选项C符合原文。12. 单选题The mental commodity most demand will be practical wisdom rather than specialized（ ）.问题1选项A.experimentB.expertiseC.witnessD.cleverness【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到，实现”；B选项 expertise“要求”；C选项witness“获得，学到”；D选项cleverness“询问”。句意：人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧，而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。13. 翻译题Put the following Chinese into English.网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益或者利益的，应当承担侵权责任。公法调整和规范自然人、法人和国家之间的关系,它包括行政法规、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终民事关系的协议；依法成立的合同，受法律保护。物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的，可以没收违法所得、侵权复制品以及进行违法活动的财物。【答案】Network users and network service providers who infringe upon the civil rights or interests of others via network shall bear the tort liability.Public law adjusts and regulates the relationship among natural persons, legal persons and the state. It includes administrative regulations, criminal laws and other laws related to public order.A contract is an agreement between the parties to establish, change or terminate a civil relationship. A contract established in accordance with the law shall be protected by law.The acquisition and exercise of property rights shall abide by the law, respect social morality and not damage public interests and legitimate rights and interests of others.For those cases that infringe on copyright or relative rights. Peoples Court can confiscate illegal proceeds, infringing copies and properties for illegal activities when trying a case.14. 单选题The city signed a/an（ ）contract with Italy in order to make full use of their natural resources and capital.问题1选项A.unusualB.influentialC.residentialD.reciprocal【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项unusual“不寻常的”；B选项influential“有影响的，有势力的”；C选项residential“住宅的”；D选项reciprocal“互惠的”。句意：为了充分利用其自然资源和资本，该市与意大利签订了互惠合约。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurism Sohaii Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non一Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University-a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education marked, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content -or other dangerswill necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and tea