2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷17（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Planes keep in touch with the control tower（ ）.问题1选项A.on the radioB.by radioC.over the radioD.by the radio【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。on the radio“在广播中”；by radio“用无线电”。句意：飞机用无线电与控制塔保持联系。只有B项符合句意。2. 单选题The experienced driver looked over the engine carefully lest it（ ） on the way.问题1选项A.goes wrongB.would go wrongC.went wrongD.go wrong【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虚拟语气，谓语用 “should+动词原形，should可以省略。故本题答案选项为D。句意：这位有经验的司机仔细检查了发动机以免在路上发生故障。3. 单选题In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the internet. Books, compact discs. And even stocks were available from Word Wide Web sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $7.3 billion of goods over the internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. Com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 million in the same period in 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, A had a stock market value of many billion, reflecting investors optimism about the future of industry.Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. 33. Selling online carried its own risks, however. With so many companies competing for consumers attention, price competition was intense and profit margins thin or nonexistent. One video retailer sold he hit movie Titanic for $9.99, undercutting the $19.99 suggested retail price and losing about $6 on each copy sold. With Internet retailing still in its initial stage, companies seemed willing to absorb such losses in an attempt to establish a dominant market position.1. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the writer?2. Finding a bargain on the internet was getting easier partly because（ ）.3. “For all the consumer interest” （Paragraphs） means（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that A（ ）.5. Investors are interested in Internet retailing because（ ） .问题1选项A.Consumers are reluctant to buy things on the internet.B.Consumers are too busy to buy things on the internet.C.Internet retailing is a profitable business.D.More and more consumers prefer internet shopping.问题2选项A.there were more and more Internet usersB.there were more and more online auctionsC.the consumers had more money to spendD.there were more goods available in the Internet问题3选项A.to the interest of all the consumersB.for the interest of all the consumersC.though consumers are very much interestedD.all the consumers are much interested问题4选项A.will probably make a profit in 2001B.is making a profit nowC.is a company that sells books onlyD.suffers a greet loss on the stock market问题5选项A.selling online involves little riskB.Internet retailing is in its initial stageC.it can easily reach millions of consumersD.they can make huge profits from it.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store. 然而，对于越来越多缺乏时间的消费者来说，事实证明，用家用电脑购物比开车去商店更方便。For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, 尽管有消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务，可知AC两项表述与原文相反，B项“消费者太忙而不会网上购物”表述有误。故D项“越来越多的消费者更喜欢网购”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal. 由于网上拍卖和一些为了比价买最划算的产品的网站兴起，寻找便宜货变得越来越容易。可知B项正确。3.语义题。For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, 尽管消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务。接着下文列举了亚马逊的亏损。故interest在句中意为“感兴趣”，即使很多消费者喜欢网上购物，但网上零售仍是无利可图的。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由Internet pioneer Amazon. Com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos互联网先驱亚马逊。1995年，该公司开始销售图书，后来又涉足录制音乐和视频。以及 analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, A had a stock market value of many billion, reflecting investors optimism about the future of industry.分析师们预计，该公司要到2001年才会盈利。尽管损失惨重，但亚马逊的股票市值仍高达数十亿美元，反映出投资者对行业未来的乐观态度。可知A项“可能在2001年盈利”正确；B项与原文不符；C项“亚马逊只卖书”与原文不符；D项表述错误，亚马逊的股票一直很稳健。5.判断推理题。由最后一段“Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. 互联网零售之所以吸引投资者，是因为它提供了一种有效的方式，可以接触到数以百万计的消费者，而无需花费经营传统商店的大量销售人员的成本。可知投资者对互联网零售感兴趣的原因是通过互联网能接触到很多消费者，并且能节省成本。故C项正确。4. 单选题Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train, up to any age he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well being.1. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children（ ）.2. The child in the nursery（ ）.3. The encouragement of children to achieve - new skills（ ）.4. Jigsaw puzzles are（ ）.5. Parental controls and discipline（ ）.问题1选项A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced问题2选项A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD.always feels the world around him is warm and friendly问题3选项A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes问题4选项A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation问题5选项A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the childs【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train, up to any age he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. 如果儿童发展的一个阶段被遗漏，或者没有足够的经验，儿童可能必须回去捕捉它的经验。一个好的家庭使这成为可能，例如，提供机会，让孩子玩发条车或玩具火车，直到任何年龄，他仍然需要这样做。事实上，这一原则是对发育有困难的儿童进行所有心理治疗的基础，也是儿童诊所工作的基础。可知B项“对早期经验的再现”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. 纪律是从托儿所开始的。甚至最小的婴儿被逐步教导等食物,有规律地睡眠和醒来等等。可知B项“托儿所的孩子一开始并不是有规律地睡觉和醒来”正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. 催促孩子超过他的自然学习速度通常是诱人的，但这会在孩子身上建立起失败的危险感觉和焦虑状态。可知揠苗助长会到导致孩子产生两种极端情况，故应在两种极端方式之间采取保持平衡。4.细节事实题。Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. 父母和孩子都能分享的玩具和游戏是实现这种合作的重要手段。积木玩具、拼图和填字游戏都是很好的例子。由此可知拼图游戏适合建立父母与孩子之间的合作关系。故D项正确。5.细节事实题。由末段In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well being. 一般来说，施加控制代表父母的需要和社区的价值，以及儿童本身的幸福和福祉。据此可知纪律和施加控制由双重目的。故A项正确。5. 单选题The more people are jammed together, the more（ ）and irrational they become.问题1选项A.mechanicalB.liableC.hostileD.earnest【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。mechanical“机械的，力学的”；liable“容易的”；hostile“对有敌意的”；earnest“认真的，热心的”。句意：越多人堵在一起，他们就变得越（ ）和越缺乏理性。and表并列，由and后面的irrational可知空格处应填贬义词，只有C项是贬义词，故C项正确。6. 单选题Careful planning and hard work will（ ）our final success.问题1选项A.ensureB.encloseC.dischargeD.deny【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。ensure“保证，确保”；enclose“围绕，装入”；discharge“准许，释放，排出”；deny“否定，否认”。句意：认真的计划和努力的工作将确保我们最后的成功。只有A项符合句意。7. 翻译题1. Money-laundering （洗钱）has been one of the worlds fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the worlds financial authorities to stamp it out.2. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating couldnot understand how the jury was able to acquit （宣布无罪）the policemen involved .3. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions.4. The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they dont bother trying to make it understandable to other users.5. A studv has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when thev buv foreiun subsidiaries, bu it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad.【答案】1. 洗钱在过去十年里已经成为世界上发展最快的产业之一，尽管世界金融当局不断加强打击和遏制洗钱力度。2. 我们现在处于人人都能获取信息的时代，这些信息使人们可以自己做出判断，大多数人看过这个殴打视频后都无法理解陪审团怎么可以无罪释放涉案警察。3. 为了增加室内负离子的供应量,一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生负离子的便携式机器。4. 黑客们如此专注于设计他们的程序，使其越来越复杂，并按照他们的意愿来编程，以至于他们不愿费心去让其他用户理解这些程序。5. 一项研究发现，那些在研发上投入巨资的美国跨国公司在收购海外子公司时，其股价会上涨，而当一家研发投入较低的跨国公司收购海外公司时，股价就会下跌。当媒体为更多的人提供更多的选择时，媒体有助于民主政治，而当媒体由灯光信号站转变为热导导弹时，媒体将不利于民主政治。比如，总统发表的1995年国情咨文报告花了一个多小时，这显然超出了大多数网络评论家（评论员：发表评论的人）所能承受的大约半小时的容忍度。演说结束后，网络评论家即时对演说做出分析，批判演说的长度而且“缺乏重点”。然而，从第二天的民意调查结果和现场访谈来看，大多数美国人似乎很欣赏总统演讲的内容。当今媒体调查少，宣传多.8. 翻译题六十整岁望七十如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、 克里斯蒂、松本淸张，从前哪能拜读？现在可以了。随看随忘，便仍在一边。无忧无虑，无人打扰，不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。偶尔有人来，不论男女老少认识不认识，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，谈天说地，百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开，激光磁盘便响个不停，滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙，听众逐渐稀少，终于门庭冷落，只剩下一屋子广阔天地,任我独往独来，随意挥洒。【答案】At the age of sixty I longed for a life span of seventy, a goal as difficult as a summit to be reached. Who would expect that I had reached? At the age of seventy I began my retirement, in which I can rely on my old-age pension for a living, free from my burden of the boring routines I used to bear, and lead a life carefree and contended. As for reading I can, now, choose at my own will to thumb through anything to while away the time. I can find time to read anything that I didnt used to, for instance, such time-killers as those created by Jin Yong, Liang Yusheng, Christie and Seicho Matsummoto. I dont have to keep them in mind and quit them as I see fit. There being no worry and disturbance, I need not travel far in my own world so vast. True it is that the most splendid view may be found in old age!Occasionally I had some visitors, male or female, old or young, acquainted and unacquainted. We could chat about everything in the north or in the south, in the space or at the core, related to taboos for us at all. Whenever I broke the ice I began to pour my words, in a flow of eloquence, as continuously as a laser disc. Unfortunately, I was jobless while they were so busy that they almost melted away until few knocks came at the door and the world became vacant again. Now I alone can occupy it and go my own way.9. 单选题You arent going to the library, are you? （ ）, Im not going to the library.问题1选项A.YesB.NoC.OKD.All right【答案】B【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的回答根据实际情况作答，空格后为否定的情况，故用No.B项正确。10. 单选题As my friend（ ） here before, I had to meet him at the railway station.问题1选项A.had never beenB.has never beenC.had been neverD.never was【答案】A【解析】考查时态。由后半句had to可知该句用的是一般过去时，而从句动作发生在meet之前，故用过去完成时，排除BD项。never一般放于had been之间，故A项正确。句意：因为我的朋友之前从未来过这里，我不得不去火车站接他。11. 单选题A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before be commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research; it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fix the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated.One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency. Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content cannot be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of a research technique requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications that this study offers as its contribution.Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches. The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging study and personal motivation study.Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet no attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that on of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner.1. The phrase the project （Paragraph 3） refers to（ ）.2. In Paragraph One the author draws an analogy between（ ）.3. The major contribution of this study is to（ ）.4. The subject under discussion in the passage is about（ ）.5. Three design types of previous researches are（ ）.问题1选项A.an extensive research on crimeB.a full exploration of research designsC.an elaborate investigation into new techniquesD.a comprehensive research of juvenile delinquency问题2选项A.a research and an artistB.doing research and drawing a sketchC.designing a research and making a sketchD.research finding and pictures perspectives问题3选项A.carry out a comprehensive analysis of juvenile delinquencyB.develop a new research technique easily transferred from one area to anotherC.modify creatively the previous research finding of juvenile delinquencyD.demonstrate the successful application of new research techniques in a new area问题4选项A.a research design concerning juvenile delinquencyB.application of analogy in studying juvenile delinquencyC.crime and juvenile delinquencyD.extensive survey of researchers in juvenile delinquency问题5选项A.interrelated to each otherB.supplementary to each otherC.to be modified considerablyD.to be integrated into one design【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。由第三段The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. 该研究设计的制定得益于项目早期对以往犯罪研究的广泛调查。可知这个项目早期就已经对青少年犯罪进行了广泛的研究。故D项正确。2.判断推理题。由第一段A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before be commits his vision to canvas. 学习设计的一个很好的类比就是艺术家在将他的视觉交付给画布之前所画的草图。可知此句将做研究设计与艺术家画草图进行类比。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“contribution”可定位到第二段A new application of a research technique requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications that this study offers as its contribution. 一项研究技术的新应用需要实质性的变化，而本研究的贡献正是这些创新的改进。可知C项“创造性地改进了以往关于青少年犯罪的研究成果。”正确。4.主旨大意题。文章开头就表明了主题是关于研究设计的。再由第二段One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency.这项研究的一个主要目的是证明新的社会研究技术是否能够帮助拓宽和加深有关青少年犯罪的知识。故A项“关于青少年犯罪的研究设计”正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段Yet no attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that on of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring