2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前模拟强化练习题24（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He could not（ ）his late arrival at the conference.问题1选项A.contribute toB.count forC.account forD.leave out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。contribute to “有助于”；count for “有价值”；account for “对负有责任；对做出解释”; leave out “遗漏，省去”。根据后面“他开会迟到”，可知是为开会迟到做解释，因此选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was（ ）early in the investigation but it turned out to be vital in convicting the man of theft.问题1选项A.unchangeableB.insignificantC.inevitableD.unsuitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unchangeable “无法改变的”；insignificant “无关紧要的”； inevitable “必然的，不可避免的”; unsuitable “不适合的”。根据表转折的连词but可知前后有一个转折关系，后面提到“它（证据）成为指控那个男人盗窃的关键证据”，可知前面的内容是认为这个证据“无关紧要”，因此选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Duke Ellingtons（ ）orchestration techniques made him perhaps the most remarkable artist that jazz has produced.问题1选项A.melodiousB.lyricalC.intricateD.clever【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项melodious“悦耳的，旋律优美的”；B选项lyrical“抒情诗调的，感情丰富的”；C选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”；D选项clever“聪明的”。句意：艾灵顿公爵优美的管弦乐编曲技巧使他成为爵士乐中最杰出的艺术家。本句表示管弦乐的编曲旋律优美。因此A选项正确。4. 写作题Directions: Mr. Liu, 45 years old, is one of your friends and has passed the PhD entrance examination recently, and youve just got this news. Write to him a letter of congratulation.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Start your letter with “Dear Mr. Liu”. Do NOT sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Chen Ling” instead. You do not need to write the address.【答案】Dear Mr. Liu,I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations on your passing the PhD entrance examination. I know you have studied very hard this time, so I am really glad to see your hard work paid off. I am sure your family and friends must be very proud of you. You showed me that age is not a barrier to advancement. Passing the PhD entrance examination is a fresh start for you, which will bring you a good opportunity to learn from the top professors. Besides, it is good for you to study with so many excellent students who of course will give you the motivation to study hard. I wish you greater success in university and a fruitful life in the future.Sincerely yours,Chen Ling5. 单选题The editor spent hours（ ）every single page of that thick novel, looking for the slightest error.问题1选项A.decoratingB.remedyingC.scrutinizingD.shattering【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。decorate “装饰；布置”； remedy “补救；纠正”；scrutinize “详细检查”； shatter “粉碎”。根据every single page (每一页)，以及looking for the slightest error （寻找最细微的错误），可知是对整部小说进行仔细检查，因此选项C符合题意。6. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.北京奥运会弘扬了团结、友谊、和平的奥林匹克精神，成为世界各国人民共同见证的文化交流的盛会。北京奥运会的成功，是中国人民和世界各国人民共同努力的结果。 荣誉属于国际奥林匹克大家庭，属于在比赛场上奋勇争先的运动员，属于来自世界各地的自愿者。北京奥运会的举办，将更加有力地促进中国体育事业向前发展，将更加广泛地促进中国同国际奥林匹克大家庭的交流合作，将更加深入地促进中国人民同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊。【答案】The Beijing Olympic Games has promoted the Olympic spirit of solidarity, friendship and peace. It has become a grand even of cultural exchanges witnessed by people of the whole world. The success of the Beijing Olympic Games is attributable to the concerted efforts of the Chinese people and people from the rest of the world. The glory goes to the Olympic Family, to athletes who have competed hard, to volunteers from different parts of the world. The hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games will give a boost to the further development of sports in China, promote more extensive exchanges and cooperation between China and the International Olympic Family and further enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and people of all other countries.7. 单选题During the famine of 1943, millions of Chinese peasants（ ）to the cities because they could not survive in the rural areas.问题1选项A.emigratedB.estimatedC.migratedD.immigrated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。emigrate “移民，移居”；estimate “估计，估价”；migrate “移动；移居；随季节而移居”；immigrate “移入”。根据原因状语“因为他们无法在农村存活”可知他们选择移居城市。emigrate一般指移民出境；immigrate一般指移民入境。而从农村到城市不属于这二者，因此选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get（ ）quickly.问题1选项A.deducedB.denouncedC.detachedD.decomposed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deduce “推论；推断”; denounce “谴责；告发”； detach “分离，派遣”；decompose “分解，腐烂”。根据bad and damp weather “恶劣潮湿天气”可知plant（植物）容易腐烂，选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am（ ）to carrying out the plan.问题1选项A.resolvedB.engagedC.obligedD.committed【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。be resolved to “决心”；be engaged in “忙于做”；be obliged to “不得不；有义务”；be committed to “致力于”。Since引导了一个原因状语从句，“由于已经来不及改变主意了”，所以空格处所在的句子表示“执行这个计划”，因此选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to（ ）it.问题1选项A.defyB.disguiseC.disgraceD.distress【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。defy “藐视；公然反抗”； disguise “伪装”；disgrace “给丢脸”； distress “使背痛；使贫困”。根据 residents were unhappy about the curfew “居民对宵禁不满”，可知他们决定“反抗”，选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Green-space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green-space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject, I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town and country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for, forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.1. The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green space should be provided（ ）.2. According to the author, green-space facilities should be designed in such a way that（ ）.3. The main idea of the passage is that（ ）.4. According to the author, the importance of green-pace in the urban environment（ ）.问题1选项A.in special areasB.in the suburbsC.in gardens and parksD.in the neighborhood of the house问题2选项A.recreative activities might be brought into our homesB.more and more people might have access to themC.an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedD.more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect问题3选项A.priority must be given to the development of obligatory activitiesB.attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesC.the urban environment is providing more recreative activities than it did many years agoD.better use of green-space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life问题4选项A.has been fully recognizedB.is being closely studiedC.is usually neglectedD.is still unknown【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为绿地空间的娱乐发展可能性怎样？”文章第二段提到因为娱乐方式远离居住区，而花在提高居住小区娱乐发展可能性方面的注意力很少（whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home），因此选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为绿色空间设施应该怎么样设计？”文章第二段最后一句话提到这些娱乐设施的设计需要能够使得更多的强制性活动也有娱乐的一面（the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect），因此选项D符合题意。3.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要思想是什么？”本文主要讲述了绿地设施的娱乐功能。首先通过介绍绿地设施引出话题，然后运用城乡规划的居住区、工作区、交通和娱乐分离的理论所造成的不足，强调通过提高居住区娱乐发展可能性来改善居民生活，因此选项D“更好地利用绿地设施来提高生活水平”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，绿色空间在城市环境中的重要性”。文章第一段提到目前人们已经广泛认可了绿地设施的好处，虽然是一种不证自明的说法，还并不是一种经过严密推理的科学证明（At present it is generally accepted, although more a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof），因此选项A“被广泛接受”符合题意。12. 不定项选择题Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which-includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the Hawaiian natives?2. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?3. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?4. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT（ ）.5. Hawaiis native minority refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.C.They are the only native group without sovereignty.D.Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.问题2选项A.He is leading the local independence movement.B.He is Hawaiis first native governor.C.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.D.He suggested the native people decide for themselves.问题3选项A.American Indian natives.B.The Ka Lahui group.C.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.D.The Hawaiian natives.问题4选项A.a greater autonomy within the stateB.more back rent on the crown landC.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD.full independence from the US问题5选项A.people with 50% Hawaiian bloodB.Hawaiis ethnic groupsC.the Ka LahuiD.people of Filipino origin【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由B选项关键词“worse than”可以定位到文章第二段第一句The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.（这些岛屿在1898年被美国吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。），说明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起来生活更糟糕。因此B选项“他们的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正确。由A选项关键词“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless（他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上），说明超过60的夏威夷土著人无家可归，但其中并不包括失业的人数，所以A选项“他们中有60%的人无家可归或失业”错误。由C选项关键词“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.（他们是美国唯一没有某种程度自治权的主要原住民群体。），指的是主要原住民群体，所以C选项“他们是唯一没有主权的土著群体”错误。由D选项关键词“life span”可以定位到第二段第二句and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians（寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年），指的是比夏威夷人的寿命短，而不是一般的美国人，所以D选项“他们的寿命比一般美国人短5年”错误。第2题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“John Waihee”可以定位到文章第三段，前半部分说到a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee（夏威夷第一任土著州长约翰韦希建立的一个主权咨询委员会），说明John Waihee是夏威夷第一任土著州长，由他成立了主权咨询委员会，所以B选项“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州长”和C选项“他成立了一个主权咨询委员会”表述正确。后半部分说到has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.（建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否重新建立一个拥有主权的夏威夷国家，从而极大地推动了土著人的事业。），说明John Waihee建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否建立主权国家，所以D选项“他建议土著人自己决定”表述正确。A选项“他正在领导当地的独立运动”在文中没有提及，因此本题选A。第3题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“less radical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement.（这一立场得到了夏威夷事务办公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年，是一个代表原住民利益的国家机构，现在已经成为原住民主权运动的温和代言人。），说明夏威夷事务办公室在主权问题上的态度是温和、不激进的，题干中的less radical和原文中的moderate对应。因此C选项“夏威夷事务办公室”正确。A选项“美国印第安土著人”，B选项“卡拉会群体”，D选项“夏威夷土著人”，文中都表明了他们希望享有更大的自治权，所以A, B, D错误。第4题:客观细节题。由A选项关键词“greater autonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Some just want greater autonomy within the state（有些人只是想在州内享有更大的自治权），所以A选项“在州内享有更大的自治权”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除A。由C选项关键词“crown land”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted.（他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。），所以C选项“对夏威夷王室土地的所有权要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除C。由D选项关键词“full independence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.（更有野心的是卡拉会群体，该群体于1987年宣布自己是一个新国家，并希望完全、正式地从美国独立出来。），所以D此处“完全独立于美国”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除D。由B选项关键词“crown land”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land.（他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。正是在这个问题上，土著群体面临着来自国家当局的最大反对。1993年，州政府向OHA支付了1.36亿美元的王室土地欠租，许多官员表示，接受这笔款项后，OHA就放弃了对土地的合法所有权。），说明夏威夷土著人要求的是对王室土地的所有权，而不是更多的欠租。因此B选项“更多的王室土地欠租”不符合夏威夷土著人的要求，本题选B。第5题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“native minority”可以定位到文章第二段第一句since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.（自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。），说明“Hawaiis native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。因此B选项“夏威夷的族群”正确。A选项“有50%夏威夷血统的人”，C选项“卡拉会群体”，D选项“菲律宾裔人”均不能完整概括夏威夷土著民族的含义，所以A，C，D错误。13. 单选题The famous inventor was awarded an（ ）doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honoredB.honoraryC.honorificD.honorable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。honored “光荣的；荣幸的”； honorary “荣誉的；名誉的”； honorific “尊敬的；敬称的”；honorable “尊敬的”。此处是要表达“荣誉博士”，选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Inflation is an economic condition in（1）prices for consumer goods（2）and the（3）of money or purchasing power decreases.There are three important causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to（4）a war or carry （5）social programs, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenue, thus creating a deficit. In order to（6）this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply（7） the money supply by issuing more paper money to（8） the debts of government. This increase in the money supply will cause the value of the dollar to（9）decrease. The second cause of inflation occurs when the money supply increases faster than the supply of goods.（10）people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods(11television and computers, for example, and a shortage will result.Industry will then produce more, at higher prices, to（12）demand.（13）, if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high （14）rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that works wages（15）to（16）the high cost of living, industry will meet his demand and add other cost of production on to the（17）.（18）summary, all of these causes can（19）inflationary problems that can affect the welfare of a nation. However, of these three causes, （20）government spending may be the most important.问题1选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this问题2选项A.raiseB.increaseC.decreaseD.lower问题3选项A.priceB.costC.valueD.spending问题4选项A.payB.offerC.fightD.finance问题5选项A.awayB.offC.onD.out问题6选项A.offsetB.compensateC.exchangeD.accomplish问题7选项A.extendB.expandC.spendD.explore问题8选项A.meetB.respondC.spendD.return问题9选项A.automaticallyB.exceedinglyC.timelyD.excessively问题10选项A.For fear thatB.WhetherC.IfD.Though问题11选项A.ofB.likeC.asD.except问题12选项A.supplyB.satisfyC.plentyD.comply问题13选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.NeverthelessD.However问题14选项A.interestingB.uninterestingC.interestedD.interest问题15选项A.be increasedB.increasedC.should increaseD.increase问题16选项A.protestB.restrictC.imposeD.cover问题17选项A.controllerB.managerC.consumerD.employer问题18选项A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In问题19选项A.createB.inventC.resultD.discover问题20选项A.productiveB.insufficientC.excessiveD.processing【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先行词是economic condition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项C符合题意。2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasing power decreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项B符合题意。3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此 the _ of money应该与 purchasing power意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。4.考查动词词义辨析。pay “支付”； offer “提供”； fight “与打仗”; finance “负担经费”。后面提到政府spend more money（花更多的钱），可知前面是花钱在战争上，因此finance a war 符合题意。5.考查词组辨析。carry away “运走，使失去自制力”; carry off “夺去，夺得”； carry on “继续，参与”；carry out “实施”。与social program搭配的动词词组是carry out，所以选项D符合题意。6.考查固定搭配。offset “抵消；补偿”;compensate “补偿，赔偿”； exchange “交换”；accomplish “完成，实现”。offset deficit “弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项A符合题意。7.考查动词词义辨析。extend “延伸”；expand “扩张”；spend “度过，花费”； explore “探索”。根据后面issuing more paper money可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项B符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。meet debts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项A符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。automatically “自动地”；exceedingly “非常；极其”；timely “及时地”；excessively “过分地”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项A符合题意。10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句they will run out，主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项C符合题意。11.考查介词词义辨析。television and computers属于popular goods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项B符合题意。12.考查词义辨析。supply “供