2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第161期

2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fence and into the forbidden back yard of a carefully manicured estate at the comer of El Dorado and Crescent Drive in Beverly Hills, California.I have snatched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one of the three avocado trees near the fence.I have been told that many ferocious dogs patrol the grounds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defying them. They are nowhere to be found, except in my mind, and Im out and gone and in the alley with their growls directing my imagination. I am running with fear and exhilaration, beginning a period of summer.Emerging from the shield of the alley I cut out into the open. Summer is about running, and I am running protected by distance from the dogs. At the comer of Crescent Drive and Lomitas I spot Bobby Tomitzer on a bike. I shout “Tomitzer!” He turns his head. His bike wobbles. An automobile moving rapidly catches Tomitzers back wheel. Tomitzer is thrown high into the air and onto the concrete sidewalk of Crescent Drive. The driver，a woman with gray hair, swirls from the car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tomitzer, who will not survive the accident. I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street. I am shivering in the heat, and sink to my knees. It is approximately 3:30 in the afternoon. It is June 21,1946. In seven days, I will be 8 years old.1.The best title for this story could be（ ）2.The main image in Paragraph 1 is of a young boy（ ）.3.The main image in Paragraph 2 is of（ ）.4.The story start with the feeling of（ ） ,and ends with the feeling of（ ）.5.The phrase “shivering in the heat”( near the end of this passage) dramatically describes shock through （ ）.问题1选项A.SummerB.Killer DogsC.My Eighth BirthdayD.The Alley问题2选项A.climbing a white brick fencesB.snatching avocadosC.running with fear and exhilarationD.defying ferocious dogs问题3选项A.Tomitzer riding his bikeB.exhilaration turning into horrorC.the 7-year-old emerging from the alleyD.the hysteria of the woman driver问题4选项A.joyful action. horrified inactionB.running . standingC.being alone. being with othersD.being alone in the open. shivering in the heat问题5选项A.the use of minute detailB.the unexpected combination of hot and coldC.its implied reference to the word “frozen”D.the contrast of death and play【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:文章讲述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，选项A符合题意。第2题:文章第一段第一句话提到小男孩偷牛油果(a stolen avocado)。选项B符合题意。第3题:文章第二段讲述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看见Tomitzer在骑自行车，很高兴地喊他，但是他在回头的时候，被汽车撞死了。见到此情此景，小男孩I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street.说明小男孩内心很害怕。这一段主要讲述了小男孩由偷牛油果的兴奋到间接害死朋友的恐惧心理。选项B符合题意。第4题:根据上题，可知选项A符合题意。第5题:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常开心的，但是当Tomitzer因为他而死了的时候他感觉很害怕。这个短语用来描述死亡与玩耍的对比，选项D符合题意。2. 单选题My next husband will definitely be hen-pecked. Everyone laughably assumes my present one is, so I may as well have the advantage of exchanging illusion for reality.This means he will be able to mend a fuse. Being good about the house is the essential ingredient of the manageable male. All these pretensions to having green fingers as an excuse for spending the morning in the sunshine and tramping in from the garden in muddy boots are really no substitute.As a career woman, it has always been my dream to be married to a handyman. Women whose husbands are relaxed about raw plugs dont know what worry is. I would sleep peacefully at night with anyone who could tell a pair of pincers from a wire cutter. Apart from the blissful convenience; I could really at last begin to live it up.If you are buried in the depths of the country as I like to be whenever I can, it costs you a fiver just to have a bolt put on the shed door or to bribe the nearest plumber to come and look at a dripping tap. I calculate I could have a trip to the Solomon Islands every year out of the money we will save on the washers my new do-it-yourself paragon will whip on and off our taps.My next husband will not say every time. I get out the travel brochures: I do love England in the late summer; dont you think it would be nice to holiday at home? The garden is at its best then. I know what that means: staying up half the night cutting up his glut of runner beans for the deep freeze.Being a handyman, he would, of course, be an expert cook. It would be he who would rustle up an omelette at midnight after a heavy day. And he would not believe that every cooking utensil in sight was expendable. I would never again have to curse the friend who once told us that the only way to do steak was in a totally dry, red-hot frying-pan, I like charcoaled steak as much as anyone, but it comes expensive when it means charcoaling the entire kitchen too. I shall relinquish without regret the record I at present hold of being married to the only man in Britain who has ever managed to burn a boiled egg.After long and mature consideration I have come to the conclusion that the next man I marry Will be a hairdresser. Any husband who cannot back-comb his wifes hair is not worth his salt. This will mean that I w ill be able to go into every serious T.V. discussion completely light-heartedly. It wont matter a damn what I talk about. My friends will all ring up to remark: Saw you on T.V. last night, Your hair did look nice.1.It can be concluded from the passage that the authors present husband （ ）2.By giving the example of her husbands cooking steak, the author tries to prove his （ ）3.The word glut in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by （ ）4.According to the author having green fingers sometimes （ ）5.The tone of the phrase After long and mature consideration in the last paragraph can be identified as （ ）问题1选项A.has an impetuous temperB.is a cold fishC.is not a very considerate personD.is uxorious问题2选项A.frugalityB.temperanceC.his aptitudeD.ineptitude问题3选项A.exuberanceB.excessC.myriadD.flamboyance问题4选项A.can produce embarrassing glutsB.makes gardeners pull their weight in the houseC.makes gardeners run amok in the houseD.enables gardeners to keep the house clean and tidy问题5选项A.arrogantB.ironicalC.flippantD.patronizing【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章第一段My next husband will definitely be hen-pecked. Everyone laughably assumes my present one is, so I may as well have the advantage of exchanging illusion for reality提到我的下任丈夫必须是一个妻管严。每个人都认为我现在的丈夫就是一个妻管严，所以我想让这个幻想变成现实。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不是一个妻管严，不够体贴。选项C符合题意。第2题:文章第六段最后一句I shall relinquish without regret the record I at present hold of being married to the only man in Britain who has ever managed to burn a boiled egg 提到作者会毫不犹豫放弃目前创造的记录：嫁给了英国唯一一个试图烧烤煮熟的鸡蛋的人。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不擅长烹饪，没有烹饪的天赋。选项D ineptitude “愚笨”符合题意。第3题:文章第五段最后一句I know what that means: staying up half the night cutting up his glut of runner beans for the deep freeze提到熬夜割除多余的红花菜豆，然后冷藏。glut是“过多”的意思。选项B符合题意。Exuberance “茂盛”；excess “过多，过量”；myriad “无数”；flamboyance “华丽”。第4题:文章第二段提到丈夫借口精通园艺，经常穿着脏兮兮的靴子，有时也会令人窘迫，所以选项A符合题意。第5题:文章作者希望自己下任丈夫是个妻管严，接着还希望丈夫会干家务、会修理，最后决定要嫁给一个理发师，这些都是为了讽刺现实。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person（ ）uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.问题1选项A.opulentlyB.excessivelyC.consistentlyD.exceedingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。 opulently “富裕地，丰裕地”；excessively “过分地，极度”,强调的是超过合理范围的；consistently “一贯地，一致地”；exceedingly “极其，非常”，相当于very 。句意：如果你在电梯里盯着陌生人看，你会让别人极其不舒服，并且你自己也会觉得很奇怪。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题As many as 100 species of fish, some（ ） to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.问题1选项A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。unusual “不寻常的”；particular “特别的，详细的”；typical “典型的”；unique “独一无二的”。句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题On January, 11th, 2009, a remarkable legal case opens in a San Francisco courtroom on its way, it seems almost certain, to the Supreme Court. Perry v. Schwarzenegger challenges the constitutionality of Proposition 8, the California referendum that, in November, 2008, overturned a State Supreme Court decision allowing same-sex couples to marry. Its lead lawyers are unlikely allies: Theodore B. Olson, the former solicitor general under President George W. Bush, and a prominent conservative; and David Boies, the Democratic trial lawyer who was his opposing counsel in Bush v. Gore. The two are mounting an ambitious case that pointedly circumvents the incremental, narrowly crafted legal gambits and the careful state-by-state strategy that leading gay-rights organizations have championed in the fight for marriage equality. The Olson Boies team hopes for a ruling that will transform the legal and social landscape nationwide, something on the order of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, or Loving v. Virginia the landmark 1967 Supreme Court ruling that invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.Olsons interest in this case has puzzled quite a few people. Whats in it for him? Is he sincere? Does he really think he can sway the current Course? But when I spoke with Olson, who is sixty-nine, in early December, he sounded confident and impassioned; the case clearly fascinated him both as an intellectual challenge and as a way to make history. “The loving case was forty-two years ago.” he said, perched on the edge of his chair in the law offices of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher in Washington DC, where he is a partner, “Its inconceivable to us there days to say that a couple of a different racial background cant get married.” Olson wore a brightly striped shirt and a paisley tie, without a jacket; there was something folksy in his speech,which reminded me that hes a Westerner, who grew up and was educated in Northern California. He said, “Separate is not equal. Civil unions and domestic partnerships are not the same as marriage. Were not inventing any new right, or creating a new right, or asking the courts to recognize a new right. The Supreme Court has said over and over and over again that marriages is a fundamental right and although our opponents say, Well, thats always been involving a man and a woman. When the Supreme Court has talked about it theyve said its an associational right, its a liberty right, its a privacy right, and its an expression of your identity, which is all wrapped up in the Constitution.” The Justices of the Supreme Court, Olson said, “are individuals who will consider this seriously, and give it good attention,” and he was optimistic that he could persuade them. (The losing side in San Francisco will likely appeal to the Ninth Circuit, and from there the case could proceed to the Supreme Court.) Olsons self-assurance has a sound basis: he has argued fifty-six cases before the high court he was one of the busiest lawyers before the Supreme Court bench last year and prevailed in forty-four of them. Justices Sandra Day OConnor and Anthony Kennedy attended his wedding three years ago, in Napa. Olson said that he wanted the gay-marriage case to be a “teaching opportunity, so people will listen to us talk about the importance of treating people with dignity and respect and equality and affection and love and to stop discriminating against people on the basis of sexual orientation”.If the Perry case succeeds before the Supreme Court, it could mean that gay marriage would be permitted not only in California but in every state. And, if the Court recognized homosexuals as indistinguishable from heterosexuals for the purposes of marriage law, it would be hard,if not impossible, to uphold any other laws that discriminated against people on the basis of sexual orientation.However, a loss for Olson and Boies could be a major setback to the movement for marriage equality. Soon after Olson and Boies filed the case,last May,some leading gay-rights organizations among them the A. C. L. U., Human Rights Campaign, Lambda Legal, and the National Center for lesbian Rights issued a statement condemning such efforts. The odds of success for a suit werent good, the groups said, because the “Supreme Court typically does not get too far ahead of either public opinion or the law in the majority of states.” The legal precedent that these groups were focused on wasnt Loving v. Virginia but,rather,Bowers v. Hardwick, the 1936 Supreme Court decision that stunned gay-rights advocates by upholding Georgias antiquated law against sodomy. It was seventeen years before the Court was willing to revisit the issue, in Lawrence v. Texas, though by then only thirteen states still had anti-sodomy statutes; this time, the Court overturned the laws, with a 6-3 vote and an acerbic dissent from Justice Antonin Scalia, who declared that the Court had aligned itself with the “homosexual agenda,” adding, “Many Americans do not want persons who openly engage in homosexual conduct as partners in their business, as scoutmasters for their children, as teachers in their childrens schools, or as boarders in their home. They view this as protecting themselves and their families from a lifestyle that they believe to be immoral and destructive.”Seventeen years was a long time to wait. “A loss now may make it harder to go to court later,” the activists statement read. “It will take us a lot longer to get a good Supreme Court decision if the Court has to overrule itself.” Besides, the groups argued, “We lost the right to marry in California at the ballot box. Thats where we need to win it back.” Plenty of gay-marriage supporters agreed that it was smarter to wait until the movement had been successful in more states and, possibly,the composition of the Supreme Court had shifted. (During the last year of a second Obama term, Scalia would be eighty-one.)1.The first sentence of Paragraph 1 means（ ）.2.The word “unlikely” in the sentence “Its lead lawyers are unlikely alliesof Paragraph 1 means（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?4.Some leading gay-rights organizations did not support the case because（ ）.5.The most suitable title of the passage would be （）问题1选项A.the San Francisco court cannot make the final decisionB.only the Supreme Court has the authority to rule for or against the caseC.its very hard to win the case for same-sex marriage in the San Francisco court and probably they would have to field the case in the Supreme CourtD.they would certainly win the case for same-sex marriage in the Supreme Court问题2选项A.dissimilarB.unreliableC.unimaginableD.unthinkable问题3选项A.TheodoreB.Olson was confident about the case because the Supreme Court once invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.B.The Supreme Court has said over and over and over again that marriage is a fundamental right， which should be respected.C.The right for same-sex marriage has been won in other states except for California.D.There are other laws that discriminated against people on the basis of sexual orientation.问题4选项A.it was impossible to win the caseB.they would have to wait for longer if the case was lost this time as its hard for the supreme Court to overrule itselfC.they did not believe the ability of the leading lawyersD.unlike interracial marriage its harder to get support for same-sex marriage问题5选项A.A Risky ProposalB.Gay Marriage NoC.A monumental MovementD.Fight for Equal Rights【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句提到同性婚姻的案件很有可能（almost certain）提交到最高法院,说明之前这类的案件在下一级的法庭审理过，但是没有胜诉。所以选项C符合题意。第2题:参与此案件的两位律师Theodore B. Olson 和 David Boies 分别是共和党和民主党派人士，按照常理来推断这两位政见完全不同的人是不可能为了同一个目的而统一战线的，所以用了unlikely来说明这个组合是多么让人难以想象。选项C符合题意。第3题:文章第三段第一句If the Perry case succeeds before the Supreme Court, it could mean that gay marriage would be permitted not only in California but in every state提到同性结婚只有在加利福尼亚是合法的，在其他州还没有合法，选项C符合题意。第4题:文章倒数第二段The odds of success for a suit werent good, the groups said, because the “ Supreme Court typically does not get too far ahead of either public opinion or the law in the majority of states. ” 提到这些支持同性恋的机构认为这次诉讼的胜算很小，因为最高法院会尊重大众的意见和大部分州的意见，所以选项B符合题意。第5题:文章主要讲述了各方，包括律师、同性恋组织等对这次案件胜算的预计，尽管以Olson为代表的律师对这次案件很有信心，但是从后文可以看出这是场有风险的诉讼，所以选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Jean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret, and flew all day in a “Dragonfly” aircraft; and it was a very instructive day for her. The machine did not go directly to Cloncurry, but flew to and for across the wastes of Central Australia, depositing small bags of mail at cattle stations and picking up cattle-men and travelers to drop them off after a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles. They landed eight or ten times in the course of the day, at places like Ammaroo and Hatches Creek and many other stations; at each place they would get out of the plane and drink a cup of tea and have a talk with the station manager or owner, and get back into the plane and go on their way. By the end of the day Jean Paget knew exactly what a cattle station looked like, and she was beginning to have a very good idea of what went on there.They got to Cloncurry in the evening, a fairly extensive town on a railway that ran eastward to the sea at Townsville. Here she was in Queensland, and she heard for the first time the slow deliberate speech of the Queensland that reminded her at once of her friend Joe Harman. She was driven into town in a very old open car and deposited at the Post Office Hotel; she got a bedroom but tea was over, and she had to go down the wide, dusty main street to a caf for her evening meal. Cloncurry, she found, had none of the clean attractiveness of Alice Springs; it was a town which smelt of cattle, with wide streets through which to drive them down to the stockyard, many hotels, and a few shops. All the houses were of wood with red-painted iron roofs; the hotels had two floors, but very few of the other houses had more than one.She had to spend a day here, because the air service to Normanton and Willstown ran weekly on a Wednesday. She went out after breakfast while the air was still cool and walked in one direction up the huge main street for half a mile till she came to the end of the town, then came back and walked down it a quarter of a mile till she came to the other end. Then she went and had a look at the railway station, and, having seen the airfield, with that she had seen all there was to see in Cloncurry. She looked in at a shop that sold toys and newspapers, but they were sold out of all reading matter except a few books about dress-making; as the day was starting to warm up she went back to the hotel. She managed to borrow a copy of the Australian Womens Weekly from the manageress of the hotel and took it to her room, and took off most of her clothes and lay down on her bed to sweat it out during the heat of the day. Most of the other citizens of Cloncurry seemed to be doing the same thing.She felt like moving again shortly before tea and had a shower, and went out to the caf for an ice. Weighed down by the heavy meal of roast beef and plum-pudding that the Queenslanders call “tea” she sat in a folding chair for a little outside in the cool of the evening, and went to bed again at about eight oclock. She was called before daybreak, and was out at the airfield with the first light.1.When Jean had to leave Alice Springs, she（ ）.2.How did Jean get some idea of Australian cattle station?3.Jeans main complaint about Cloncurry in comparison with Alice Springs, was（ ）.4.For her evening meal on the second day Jean had（ ）.5.Jean left Cloncurry（