2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷91

2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The roof（ ） under the weight of the snow.问题1选项A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “跌下，掉落”；submerge “淹没，沉浸”；collapse “倒塌”；descend “下降，下去”。句意：在大雪的压迫下，房顶坍塌了。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The storm was（ ） and changed course constantly at sea at that time.问题1选项A.chasteB.candidC.chaoticD.cardinal【答案】C【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。chaste “纯洁的，贞洁的”；candid “公正的，直率的”；chaotic “混乱的，无秩序的”；cardinal “主要的，基本的”。根据句意“暴风雨时常改变方向”可知它是无秩序的，所以选项C符合题意。3. 翻译题The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement.It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuade and how compromise, is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthyand impersonal.It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiators role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiators position.Two traits in particular those cause cross-cultural misunderstandings are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore，American negotiators, often insist on realizing short-term benefits. Foreign negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success for negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.【答案】国际贸易以及海外投资的增长促使了对具有语言知识和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出现。交流包括说服和妥协，但是为了使交流者参与其中任何一项，谈判代表必须要了解在谈判的文化中怎么说服他人以及怎么妥协。在国外的谈判者看来，美国人代表的一个资产几百万的公司可以支付任何费用，不用讨价还价。尤其能够导致跨文化误会的两个特点是美国谈判者的直接了断和没耐心。为了巩固彼此之间的关系，他们通常会采用间接交流的方法，而不去计较用于了解对方谈判者的时间。4. 单选题I remember（ ） to help us if we ever were in difficulties.问题1选项A.once offeringB.him once offeringC.him to offerD.to offer him【答案】B【解析】考查remember的用法。remember sb. doing sth. “记得某人做过某事”。remember sb. to do sth. “记得某人要去做某事”。根据后面的动词 were 可知是发生在过去的事情，所以选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The appearance of this used car is quite （ ）, and it is much newer than it really is.问题1选项A.descriptiveB.impressiveC.deceptiveD.indicative【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Descriptive “描述性的”；impressive “令人印象深刻的”；deceptive “欺骗性的，迷惑的”；indicative “指示的”。根据句意“这辆旧车看起来比实际上要新”可知前文是说车的外表有迷惑性，所以选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis;college students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and does not explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22- year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things maybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are only the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy （异端邪说）to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the passage, the author believes that（ ）2.In the Line 2, the 2nd paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern” refers to（ ）3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because（ ）4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that（ ）5.In this passage the author argues that（ ） .问题1选项A.people used to question the value of college educationB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high school graduates went to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high-school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC.college students who arent any better for their higher educationD.High school graduates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too many students have to earn their own livingD.college administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high schoolgraduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning peopleD.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段提到不止一代人认为接受大学教育是无可争议的，所有高中毕业生都应该去上大学，因为大学会让他们赚更多的钱，成为更好的人。选项B说过去的人们对高等教育充满信心，符合题意。2.第二段第二句话的前半句 And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending “既然有差不多一半的高中生都去上大学”，pattern 在这里显然就是指第一段提到的“上大学能让自己变好，赚更多钱”这个模式，don fit the pattern就是与之相反的，就是上大学并没有使他们变好，所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段 others find no simulation in their studies, and drop out 是学生辍学的原因，因为他们找不到学习的动力，选项C符合题意。4.文章第三段主要讲高等教育失败的原因，既有个人的原因，也有社会的原因。Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22-year-olds, either. 这句话主要表达的意思是社会无法给毕业生提供就业岗位，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到一些敢于挑战传统的教育家和校园观察员公开建议说大学也许不是那些完成高中课程的年轻人最合适的唯一的去处，尽管这种想法被认为是异端邪说，但是已经有越来越多的证据来证明其正确性。所以选项A符合题意。7. 单选题His criticism injured Jennys（ ） .So she is feeling sad now.问题1选项A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity “神圣， 神性”；indignity “侮辱，轻蔑”；ego “自尊心，自我意识”；mind “精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The ideas expressed in the art historians book are more（ ） than one would expect on the basis of her rather （ ）treatment of her subject in the opening pages.问题1选项A.compelling.intriguingB.accessible.reconditeC.hidebound.reactionaryD.insightful.innovative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。compelling “引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”；accessible “易接近的，可进入的，可理解的”；recondite “深奥的，隐藏的”；hidebound “死板的，保守的，顽固的”；reactionary “保守的，反动的”；insightful “有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative “革新的，创新的”。句意：跟她在开篇对主题的深奥表述，对于读者而言，这个艺术史学家书中的观点要容易理解很多。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题（ ）this, everything is order.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.Except forD.but【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。这个题主要考查except 和except for 的用法。二者均表示“除 以外”。Except 后面接的词与主语一般是同类型；except for 后接的词与句子主语不是同类。从题目中可以分析出前后不是同一种类的事物，所以选项C符合题意。10. 单选题I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago,my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched.Now, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to write even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines,because I was so inexperienced, chances were that the sales letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales for our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed would “increase sales by 10 000%”. Because they werent too expensive, I bought 2 such packages.Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was naturally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back guarantee. While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him (just to test whether he replies to customers，emails) and I got a reply from him within 4 hours. I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund.Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he was selling. Well, I was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss, and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was impressed with what I had done!Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for our company (simply by customizing the templates included in Yanks package) and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly recommend Yaniks package.1.The purpose of the letters the author was asked to write was to（ ） .2.The sample letters and templates were so bad that （ ）3.Yanik Silver promises that （ ）4.To “customize” (the fourth paragraph) something means to “ （ ）5.This passage is most probably used for（ ） .问题1选项A.convey information about his company to new customersB.promote a new product to regular customersC.increase the sales of a new product among regular customersD.explain the strengths of a new product to existing customers问题2选项A.customers complained about their content and formatsB.the author felt that he could have written better onesC.customers ended up by refusing to give any replyD.they annoyed the customers and the boss, too问题3选项A.he will reply within 4 hours when he receives an email from a customerB.a customer will be refunded if his samples and templates do not workC.he will go over to customers to see what letters suit their situation betterD.he will pay the postage if the samples and templates are returned in a parcel问题4选项A.order it and have it delivered overB.change it and make it attractiveC.modify it to suit ones purposeD.purchase it on regular basis问题5选项A.promotionB.instructionC.guidanceD.introduction【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话The objective was to get some of our existing customersto purchase a new product that our company had just launched，从这句话可知作者被要求写销售函件的目的是为了向他们现有的顾客推销他们公司的新产品，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段提到I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! 作者在网上买的两页销售信件模板实在太差，他自己都可以写得比这个好。选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到 Yanik Silver将会offering a money back guarantee （不满意退费），选项B符合题意。4.文章第四段提到作者对Yanik Silver提供的模板很满意。I quickly customizedone of the sales letter templates to fit my needs “我很快便找到了适合我需要的模板”，之后得到了老板的认可。由此可知，作者在原来的模板上进行了修改。选项C符合题意。5.文章是作者亲身经历，他向读者介绍了网上一个不错的销售信件模板。他是偶然在网上发现Yanik Silver这个网址，所以不能说是promotion (推销)，单纯地介绍了这个网址，所以选项D符合题意。instruction “指示，命令”；guidance “指导，引导”。11. 单选题“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”, wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find to what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change it use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.1.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates,（ ） .2.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to （ ）.3.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because （ ）.4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy（ ） .5.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of （ ）.问题1选项A.the conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D.her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.问题2选项A.its geographical featuresB.its protective surroundingsC.its religious implicationsD.its existing infrastructure问题3选项A.it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeB.it reminds them of a humiliating history.C.their culture will lose a chance of revivalD.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea问题4选项A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the worldC.may uncover the origin of Hawaiian cultureD.will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.问题5选项A.severe criticismB.passive acceptanceC.slight hesitancyD.full approval【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society提到观星人曾是夏威夷社会中最受人尊敬的群体，由此可以推测出当时天文学在夏威夷的重要性，选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了莫纳克亚山的优越位置使得它成为理想的天文观测点（Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity）。选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation提到少数夏威夷人和环保主义者把那些天文望远镜看作是对那边神圣土地的亵渎，并且会让他们想到这个曾经的主权国家被占领的惨痛经历，所以选项B “让人想起一段羞辱的历史”符合题意。4.文章第五段the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going提到天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答我们是谁，我们从何处来，去往何处这些重大的问题，由此可以推断现在的天文学和夏威夷文化一样都揭示了相关的起源问题。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact提到TMT的选址将最大程度缩小天文望远镜在岛上的可见度，来避免对考古及环境产生的影响，由此可推测作者对此是全力支持的，选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. Nor is there any other about which more nonsense is talked. The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called ec