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14中考英语代词用法复习一、基本概念和分类代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。【讲解】按照这个思维导图告诉代词有哪些分类，然后让学生直接在每个类别下面写上自己知道的单词，看学生掌握情况。由于人称代词物主代词都比较初级，所以不展开讲，中考的重难点还是不定代词以及不定代词主谓一致的情况。1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。2、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。1）形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. / They are their books.2）名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.3）“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. 试比较 My friend came to see me yesterday. (指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)1）、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.2)、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.典型例题1. Please tell _ about it if _ doesnt know.A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her 答案:C2. _ office is much larger than _. A. Ours; yours B. Our; yours C. Their; your D. Your; theirs 答案：B3）指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：Whats this? / That model plane is made of plastic. (被动句) / Remember never to do such things. / Do the same as the teacher tells you. / -Who is it? -Its me!4、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。5、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义someanynonone/each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/复数含义manyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). 6、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each others ,one anothers。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)7、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。1）、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? / What does she want to be when she grows up?2）、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man? / What colour are their hats? / Which car was made in Germany?(被动句) 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.Which man is your father?3）、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.Which people live a sad life? / -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?The biggest one in Haikou.4）、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse? / What is that? / What are those? / What colours do they have? 常考代词分类辨析1)some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. / They will go there some day. some 用于疑问句时,表建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask?any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何一个”，后接可数名词单数形式any other 任何其他的一个，后接可数名词单数形式China is larger than any country in Asia.China is larger than any other in Africa.例题: Bill is taller than _student in his class。 A. anyB. any other C. anyone D. one 答案: B2)no和none的用法：no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up. / They had no reading books to lend.none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom)/ I have many books, but none is interesting. 【讲解】None其实就等于no+one区分none , no one 和 nothing一.no one 和nothing后不可加of 短语二.none与all相对，既能指物又可指人，作主语时谓语根据主语的具体指代可以采用复数或单数。no one只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。三 在回答how many引起的问句中，表示没有人时用none。在回答who引起的问句时，表示没有人用no one四 单纯表示数量上的没有时要用none典型例题1. We were all asleep a moment ago. _ of us heard the sound. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None 答案：D2. The students all go to the PE class, _is in the classroom. A. None B everyone C Nothing D No one.答案：D3. -Can I have some more ice cream , Mum? -Sorry, There is left in the fridge. A. none B. nothingC. no one D. Anything答案：B3)all和both的用法：all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语如：I know all of the four British students in their school. / -Would you like this one or that one? Both.all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.典型例题1、 I have two friends. _ of them are at school.来 A. Both B. Neither C. Each D. All 答案：A2、I didnt know which book was better, so I took them _. A. all B. both C. none D. each答案：B4)every和each用法：every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) 5)either和neither的用法：either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. / -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.【讲解】neither其实就是no+either思考： either or neither nor not only but alsobothand 连接两个名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数情况典型例题When shall we meet again next time? _ day is all right. A. Any B. None C. Either D. Neither 答案：Aother, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩another/other/the other/others的用法： one the other用于只有两个的情况下，一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。one the others 用于有三个以上的情况下，一定范围内三者以上，一个用one，其余的用the others。例句： Some students are inside the classroom but the other students are outside the classroom. This girl is good at English. How about the other three? some others 没有范围的情况下，一些，另一些。some the others 一定范围内的一些，其余的。例句：Some people like playing badminton and others like playing volleyball.一些人爱打羽毛球，而另一些人喜欢打排球。Some students are playing badminton on the playground and the others are playing volleyball.一些学生正在操场上打羽毛球，其他学生在打排球。 one one（another）, the other 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other。 others = other people / things 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。注意：other后面需要加名词的复数形式例句：Some students are playing football and other students are playing basketball. another: 泛指另一个,不与the连用, 只能跟可数名词单数。例句：I dont like this one, will you please show me another We asked him to sing us another song.【讲解】先别慌着死记硬背，先看看这仨有啥差异，其实就是other前面加了个the，加了个an，这样一来，问题变得很简单，懂得the和an的用法区别，就搞定了这仨的区别。 典型例题1.After hearing all the songs on the list, the fans asked the singer to sing _ one. A. other B. the other C. another D. others2. Dont lose heart. Why not have try? A. other B. another C. the other D. the others3. Young students ought to learn to lend a hand to_when they are in difficulties. A. one B. the other C. another D. others4.Every time I go to watch a movie, something keeps me from enjoying the film. Some people arrive late, _ talk loudly. A. the other B. others C. the othersD. Another5. If you dont like the style of the shoes, you can ask the clerk to bring you _ pair. A. another B. other C. the other D.others6. It was a terrible accident. One passenger was killed, and _ was badly hurt. A. the others B. the other C. others D. the rest7. Parents should let their children learn to do something_. A. them B. their C. theirs D. themselves8.The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, _ are yellow. A. others B. anotherC. the otherD. the rest9. Grandpa Li has three sons. One is in Shanghai. _ is in Guangzhou and _ is in Beijing. A. Another; another B. The other; the other C. Another; the other D. The other; another10. We found _ very important to learn a foreign language well. A. this B. that C. it D. its11. Aunt Wang has a shopping bag in one hand. Whats inhand? A. her other B. others C. other D. her the other12.My cousin mademistakes in the test. His mother wasnt satisfied with his study. A. no B. a little C. few D. quite a few13. Bret, an old friend of , has decided to give up drinking to protect his health. A. my father B. my fathers C. my fathers D. my fathers14.I cant understand why Steven bought so many watches but never wears _ of them. A. any B. both C. another D. others15. -Which camera do you like better, the home-made or the imported? -_ .The home-made is too small while the imported is too expensive. A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither答案：1-5 CBDBA 6-10 BDDCC 11-15 ADCAD 7)many和much的用法：many后接可数名词复数 too manymuch 后接不可数名词 too much much too 很，非常还可做副词修饰比较级 far , even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has little money. / Dont worry. There is still a little time left./ In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him.典型例题The film is not interesting. _ like it. A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few 答案：C9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? He has nothing much to do today.典型例题. 1. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. something important B. important anything C. anything important D. important everything 答案：A2. All of them have gone out. There is _ in the classroom. A. somebody B. anyone C. everybody D. nobody 答案：D10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? / I dont like the green ones.11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I dont think so. / He lost a book. So did I. so, such 的区别值得深究 so that so that . such that (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”：a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many。plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：A lot of people think that time is money. / I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time. / I have a number of letters to write today. / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping. 13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. / None of my friends came to see me that day.强化练习1. Computers are super calculators, we usually call electronic brains. A. their B. theirs C. themD. themselves2. I still feel hungry after eating two rice dumplings. Could you please give me one? A. the other B. other C. another D. others3. -Which book do you prefer? - is OK. I like reading all kinds of books. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None4. If you save every day, youll be able to buy a mobile in a year. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few5. Kevin is so independent that he always tries to do everything by . (he) 6. Where did you but the nice card? -I made it by _. A. I B. me C. myself D. mine7. Peters parents are good at physics, but _ of them is good at English. A. all B. both C. neither D. none8. I need _ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little9. I dont like the colour of the scarf. Please show me one. A. the other B. another C. other D. the others10. I asked my friend for some ink, but she didnt have . A. some B. any C. no D. a lot11. Mr. Smith taught English when we were the students in university. (we)12. Fancy is a pleasant girl with a cheerful face. She is a good friend of _. A .I B. my C. me D. mine13. Which place do you prefer to live in, a city or a countryside? - I dont care. _ is fine. A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None14. The students are busy with the survey on classmates spending habits. (they) 15. It is no doubt that Liu Xiang is _ favourite star. A. us B. we C. our D. ours16Joseph has collected many rare stamps. Some were given by his friends,_were bought from the Internet. A. the others B. other C. others D. the others17.Parents should understand that they cant do_for their children and kids have to learn to be independent. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything18.Enjoy_at the party, boys and girls.(you) 19. Teenagers should learn to protect _ from all kinds of danger. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves20. We have two foreign teachers here. One is from England, and _ is from America. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others21. May I use your laptop? I left at home this morning. (my) 22.We can do nothing about yesterday. When one door closes, _ door opens. A. another B. other C. others D. the others23.The guests were told to introduce _ before the opening ceremony. (they) 24. This is not Kittys dictionary._ has an orange cover. A. She B.Her C. Herself D. Hers25. The play was not interesting, so there were _ empty seals in the theatre. A. a little B. a lot C. many D. much26. I felt so hungry at midnight, but I couldnt find _ to eat in my flat. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing27. Students should be taught how to learn by _. (they) 28. I happened to meet a friend of in the bookstore yesterday afternoon. A. I B.me C. my D.mine29. The English guest could speak only Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us. A. few B. little C. a little D. a few30. There is something wrong with my bike, but I can repair it by . (I) 31. The performance of Class A students is much better than of Class B students. A. one B.that C. those D.this32. We should never be satisfied with book knowledge. We also need practical experience. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little33. Many people post photos of on . They get to know each other on . A. them B. theirs C. themselves D. ourselves34. You know Mikes hobby is playing football, but is collecting stamps. (I) 35. Weve decided to decorate our new flat by _ this weekend. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves36. There isnt much bread here, but you can take _ if you want to. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little37. In the modern world, _ young people are interested in cormorant fishing. A. a few B. few C. lots of D. some38. -Have you brought _ with you? We wont have time to come back. -Dont worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything39 . Tom. Mary cant open the box. can you give _ a helping hand? A. she B. her C. hers D. herself40. Excuse me, sir. I bought the shoes yesterday, but they are in different sizes. One is size 37, _is size 38. A. the others B. other C. another D. the other 答案：15 CCBC himself 610 CCBBB1115 us ; D A their C 1620 CC yourselves D B 2125 mine ,A themselves D C 2630 C themselves D C myself3135 BDC mine D 3640 DBDBD
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