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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（十）专题十八 阅读理解第10讲 阅读理解解题方法指导教学目标1. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律；2. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法；3. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。名师点拨北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。近年来逐渐显现出文章易懂，但选题较难的趋势，要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读量约在350-450字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教育类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。北京中考阅读理解CD篇考察的主要内容是：1. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力；2. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力；3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力；4. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力；5. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。建议：平时阅读理解要加强科普类、议论类文章的阅读，做题方法不要只停留在机械寻找信息上，注重文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点态度的理解上，阅读英文原著，不要局限于中考试题。北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题练习1. Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us My name is August. I wont describe what I look like. Whatever youre thinking, its probably worse. In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.（北京东城一模C篇）How is Auggie different from other boys?A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal.C. He doesnt go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox.2. Its not a joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chickens to see if the West Nile virus (病毒) is still around. The virus infects birds, so the chickens have a chance of catching the virus and fall ill. The West Nile virus is spread among humans. It killed seven people in New York last year.（北京海淀一模C篇）Why are Canadian officials placing chickens along the border? A. To help clean up the border. B. To see if the virus is still around. C. To protect the chickens from falling ill. D. To make sure that the birds can find food. 3. Few of us have heard of Nils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every modem car, the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (伤害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea.（北京朝阳一模C篇）Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_.A. 10%B. 30%C. 40%D. 50%参考答案：B B D题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred from the text that_.2. From the text we know that _.3. With which of the following does the author agree?4. The passage is probably taken from a _.解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题练习1. However, somehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that youre upset to say to people “ Im going to go and spend some time by myself. ” And often when we are spending time alone , we are actually connected with a piece of electrical equipment. We try to make something into a or a Tweet to attract our friends, or we scroll (滚屏) through nosing into other peoples lives or seeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselves and other people by the photos they put online, so we can tell how much fun they are having compared to us. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about other peoples lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other peoples recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy. Perhaps these days forget about the simple pleasure of spending time just for us.（北京东城一模D篇）The writer agrees.A. Its important to know what other people think of usB. its harmful to always compare ourselves with othersC. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselvesD. technology helps us to know about other people clearly2. “Perfectionist kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see whether you are pushing your child to feel like she cant make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isnt an A? “You can ask your child, Why do you think you have to get straight As?”, Frank says. Theres more to life. Parents can offer their children opportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“Its not what you say to kids, its how you live.”（北京东城二模D篇）What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children?A. Choosing top schools for their children.B. Doing something enjoyable with their children.C. Preventing their children from making mistakes.D. Offering a lot of help with their childrens study.3. While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to Apples latest invention, I personally like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me the time! What about you? Would you be interested in having a smart watch?（北京海淀二模C篇）From the passage, we can learn that the writer _. A. worries about the safety of the smart watchB. thinks highly of the progress of technologyC. introduces the newest kind of smart phonesD. prefers single-purpose watches that tell the time参考答案：B B D题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _.2. The word“”most likely means _.3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _.解题技巧1. 通过因果关系猜测词义2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3. 通过构词法猜测词义4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5. 通过描述猜测词义6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题练习1. These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, this can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can be intrusive.（北京东城一模D篇）What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?A. Interruptive B. Helpful.C. Unsatisfactory.D. Important.2. In all these cases to keep up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out. Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to solve. Care can at times play a good part and help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is perfect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness. What does the sentence “Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? （北京海淀一模D篇）A. Praising others can help to be good neighbors.B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved. C. One can easily make good use of small arguments. D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others. 3. Both companies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.（北京东城二模C篇）What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth.参考答案：A B C题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _.2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _.3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _.解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题练习1. Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While the Apple watch is stylish in appearance, I cant help but question certain aspects（方面）of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able to receive messages through a watch, or is this another way of letting technology upset our social lives?（北京海淀二模C篇）What is probably the best title for this passage?A. The Apple Watch：The Latest InventionB. The Apple Watch：Smart and FashionableC. The Apple Watch：Technology Gone Too Far?D. The Apple Watch：A Convenient Way to Exercise?2. Having said all that, I also think that spending too much time by yourself can separate you from others. I suppose it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.（北京东城一模D篇）Whats the best title for the passage?A. Is technology really good for us? B. How can we keep in touch with others?C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves? D. Do we spend enough time truly by ourselves?2015 has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysiaso theres never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my. （北京朝阳二模C篇）What is the writers purpose in the passage?A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia.B. To report some interesting festivals.C. To share his own experience.D. To introduce a foreign country.参考答案：C D A语篇练习北京中考阅读理解CD篇分类练习日常生活类（北京中考C篇）Are You Right Handed or Left Handed? Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）. In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude（得出结论） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. Its simply like the color of our eyes some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes. However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming. Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在视觉方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If youre mixed handed, you can probably remember.1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Causes of being left handed.B. Encouragement to left-handersC. Punishment for using the left hand.D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.3. According to the passage, right-handers .A. learn better visuallyB. are good organizersC. are better at single sportsD. give clear directions to others4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .A. may be more talkative and outgoingB. are ordinary people like right-handersC. might remember everyday things betterD. no longer need to use right-handed tools北京中考D篇Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored?Children need time to stand and stare. They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative.Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.Dr. Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning. “Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling,” she said. “But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively. So sometimes they may break a classroom window, or drive a car out for a mad race.”Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the computer, or the phone. Their time on these things has increased, yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them.It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination. On the other hand, the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process. That can be harmful to the development of creativity. “For developing the ability to be creative,” Dr. Belton advised, “perhaps we need to stand and stare, and stay off-line from time to time.”1. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Slow down.B. Keep up with.C. Go beyond.D. Give rise to.2. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A. stress the great differences between themB. introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC. suggest good ways of going through boredomD. show effects of boredom on developing creativity3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely.B. Its much better for children to be busy than be bored.C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly.D. Its boring for children to think about their experiences.北京东城一模C篇Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy called August, or Auggie, who feels normal but looks very different.Whats Wonder about?Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us My name is August. I wont describe what I look like. Whatever youre thinking, its probably worse. In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lot of time in hospital. His mother teaches him at home. But now hes ten, she thinks he should go to school. At first, Auggie doesnt want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things. But when he visits a school with his mum, he likes the head teacher and decides to go. Auggies first year at school has good times and bad times. He makes some good friends but other children are rude to him. At the end of the year, Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things completely.Is it a good book?Wonder is an excellent book, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions. It is easy to like Auggie. He has a good sense of humour, so the book has a good mix of funny and sad moments. But the book isnt just about Auggie. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack. Wonder is popular with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book.A bestsellerWonder is RJ Palacios first book. On her website, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day. Many schools use the book to start discussions about bullying, friendship and being different. The book is very popular and has won prizes. Many people are looking forward to seeing what RJ Palacio writes next.1. How is Auggie different from other boys?A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal.C. He doesnt go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox.2. Why doesnt Auggie want to go to school at first?A. Because he has to stay in hospital.B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers.C. Because he doesnt think he should go to school.D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him.3. What can we know about the book?A. It tells the story of a real family.B. Many schools use it to educate students.C. Adults like the book more than children.D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand.北京西城一模C篇As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why dont we learn to code(编码) computer programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and thats why I love it. Creating with codeCoder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer programming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didnt know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience!By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(记者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live i
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