2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题28（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The laughter at his jokes is never forced, but always（ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.simultaneousC.spontaneousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；spontaneous意为“自发的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。句意：他讲笑话时人们从来不是被迫笑的，而是自发的笑。2. 单选题I thought the boat only held six. How did you （ ）seven seats?问题1选项A.reserveB.deserveC.preserveD.reverse【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，预约，保留”；deserve意为“应得，应受”；preserve意为“保护，保存”；reverse意为“使反转，颠覆”。句意：我以为这船上只能载六个人。你怎么预定了七个位置呢？3. 单选题They consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or,（ ）, do much to protect our diminishing resources.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。incidentally意为“偶然，附带地”；actually意为“实际上”；alternatively意为“(引出第二种选择或可能的建议) 要不，或者”；accordingly意为“因此，于是”。句意：他们认为这些与国防有关的研究项目是否能提高人们的生活水平或者能保护我们日益减少的资源是值得怀疑的。4. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertiser show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashion are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearance.B.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，没有特定的原因，因此D选项“无法解释的”最为恰当。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。5. 问答题I would advise (A) you not to press the matter (B) too hard or become convincing that (C) money does not matter (D).【答案】试题答案：C; become convinced that【解析】考查固定句型。convince意为“使相信，说服”，一般用于convince sb. that.（使某人相信），其被动结构为：sb. be convinced that. 本句为：you.become convinced that.6. 单选题We can （ ）a conclusion from these facts we have collected.问题1选项A.generalizeB.nominateC.labelD.integrate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。generalize意为“概括，归纳”；nominate意为“提名，任命”；label意为“贴标签于”；integrate意为“(使) 合并，成为一体”。句意：我们可以从收集到的这些事实中归纳出一个结论。7. 单选题Will all those （ ）the proposal raise their hands?问题1选项A.in relation toB.in excess toC.in contrast toD.in favor of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in relation to意为“与相关”；in excess to意为“超过”；in contrast to意为“与对比鲜明，相比之下”；in favor of意为“赞成，支持”。句意：支持这个提议的所有这些人都会举手吗？8. 问答题Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to live【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。9. 单选题Europe is following the Dutch lead and taking the green movement to the manufacturers of white goods and electronics. A spate of legislation emerging from Brussels aims ultimately to hold manufacturers responsible for the fate of their products along after theyve left store shelves or car showrooms. Theyre being told they must ensure that as much as 85 percent of their products be recycled or reused, and the remainder disposed of in environmentally sound ways.Something surely needs to be done. In recent decades consumers have grown used to an ever-speedier turnover of hardware. A computer built in the 1960s lasted 10 years on average; now they are scrapped in just four. In the past more than 90 percent of this detritus had been buried in landfills. Europes junk heap of electronic goods now weighs 6 million tons and will double in 12 years. All this waste is taking an obvious toll on the planet.Even at this early stage in Europes recycling experiment, though the new laws have already caused unintended problems. Some European countries have been caught wholly unprepared. Because of the new regulations, waste sites and incinerators（焚化炉）throughout Europe are being inundated with hardware. Recycling facilities now coming online face a backlog of six months. Another problem: replacing bad but essential materials. The EU will soon ban the use of the lead, a hazardous substance thats been used for decades to solder circuit boards. Electronics companies are struggling to find alternatives. “This could be a much bigger challenge for us than the waste-disposal regulation,” says Michelle O Neill, a Hewlett-Packard lobbyist in Brussels.Business leaders also warn of excessive costs. “Society and the politicians have another objective here; to move costs onto industry,” says Viktor Sundberg, European affairs director of Swedish manufacturer Electrolux. Inevitably some of those costs will trickle down to the consumer. And theres the sticky problem of assigning responsibility. Is one manufacturer liable for recycling the products of a former rival that has gone out of business? Should carmakers pay for dismembering vehicles built years before the directive took effect? Europe hasnt worked out these issues.The new recycling laws may not cost as much as one might think. Many of the new targets are only incrementally tougher than existing ones. Carmakers, for instance, will in five years have to recycle or reuse 80 percent, by weight, of their old cars. But in the more eco-conscious northern states, they already voluntarily recycle 60 percent. That may be why manufacturers have greeted the new rules meekly. Ford claims that its latest Fiesta hatchback, newly built for the European market, is already 85 percent recyclable; thats a powerful image for the new eco-friendly manufacturing, provided Europes medicine works without too many side Effects.1.The author says “something surely needs to be done” because （ ）.2.The word “inundate” (underlined in paragraph 3) probably means（ ）.3.What disturbs electronics companies most according to Michelle O Neill?4.We learn from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.the environment has already been seriously polluted.B.some products are replaced at a faster rate than beforeC.Europe doesnt have enough places to bury the discarded goodsD.some electronic goods will not decay if they are buried问题2选项A.overwhelmB.destroyC.floodD.pollute问题3选项A.The production of recycling facilities falls far short of demand.B.The destruction of electronic products will cost a lot of money.C.The waste-disposal process involves advanced technology.D.Some essential materials have to be replaced.问题4选项A.Manufacturers are reluctant to spend a large sum of money on recycling their products.B.Manufacturers will shoulder a larger proportion of the costs of recycling.C.Innovative European laws dont define clearly how to assign the responsibility.D.Innovative European laws are not applicable in many developing countries.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Something surely needs to be done. In recent decades consumers have grown used to an ever-speedier turnover of hardware.（一定要做点什么。近几十年来，消费者已经习惯了越来越快的硬件周转）可知B选项“某些产品的更换速度比以前快”符合题意。2.词义题。由文章第三段中的Because of the new regulations, waste sites and incinerators throughout Europe are being inundated with hardware. Recycling facilities now coming online face a backlog of six months.（由于新的法规，整个欧洲的废物场和焚烧炉都被硬件现在即将上线的回收设施面临六个月的积压）可知“inundate”为动词，由后面的回收设备积压时间长，可推测前面的废物长和焚烧炉应该是被硬件覆盖、堆积淹没。flood侧重于被水淹没，而overwhelm则侧重于情感方面，指被强烈的感情淹没而不知所措，因此选C。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Another problem: replacing bad but essential materials.“This could be a much bigger challenge for us than the waste-disposal regulation,”says Michelle O Neill, a Hewlett-Packard lobbyist in Brussels.（另一个问题是：更换坏的但必要的材料“这对我们来说可能是一个比废物处理条例更大的挑战，”位于布鲁塞尔的惠普说客 Michelle O Neill说）可知D选项“必须更换一些基本材料”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的And theres the sticky problem of assigning responsibility. Europe hasnt worked out these issues.（还有一个棘手的问题就是分配责任欧洲还没有解决这些问题）可知C选项“创新的欧洲法律没有明确规定如何分配责任”符合题意。10. 单选题About one-third of the adult homeless are（ ）mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs.问题1选项A.chronicallyB.sparselyC.adequatelyD.individually【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。chronically意为“慢性地，习惯性地，长期地”；sparsely意为“稀疏地，节省地”；adequately意为“足够地”；individually意为“分别地，单独地”。句意：大约三分之一的无家可归的人患有慢性精神病，而且大约有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。11. 单选题Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more（ ）to light than human eyes.问题1选项A.glowingB.brilliantC.gloomyD.sensitive【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。glowing意为“灼热的，灼炽的”；brilliant意为“明亮的”；gloomy意为“黑暗的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。句意：虽然猫无法在完全黑暗中看到，但是它们的眼睛比人类的眼睛对光敏感得多。12. 单选题He was so mean that he couldnt bear to （ ）the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal.问题1选项A.part withB.give inC.pay offD.let out【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。part with意为“放弃，失去，割舍”；give in意为“屈服”；pay off意为“付清”；let out意为“出租，放出，发出”。句意：他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。13. 单选题He knows little of mathematics, and （ ）of chemistry.问题1选项A.even moreB.still lessC.no lessD.still more【答案】B【解析】考查比较级。even, still修饰表示级，意为“更”，little的比较级为less，因此选B。句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了。14. 单选题Several unpopular decision （ ）the governors popularity.问题1选项A.decayedB.diminishedC.distortedD.dissolved【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。decay意为“（使）腐烂，腐朽”；diminish意为“（使）减少，缩小，下降”；distort意为“歪曲，扭曲”；dissolve意为“使溶解”。句意：几项不得人心的决定使州长的声望下降。15. 单选题The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six （ ）libraries specially serve the countryside.问题1选项A.driftingB.mobileC.shiftingD.rotating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词分析。drifting意为“漂流的，飘动的”；mobile意为“可移动的，流动的”；shifting意为“转换的”；rotating意为“旋转的”。句意：该服务机构在全国范围内经营着36家图书馆，其中6家流动图书馆专门为农村服务。16. 问答题Every paper and magazine were (A) lying wait (B) with (C) exhaustive stories about the royal split (D) between the prince and princess of Wales.【答案】试题答案：B; in wait【解析】考查谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，因此用in wait（伺机）。17. 单选题The local government is intensifying efforts to popularize （ ）education in rural localities.问题1选项A.instinctiveB.impulsiveC.compulsoryD.voluntary【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。instinctive意为“天生的，生来的”；impulsive意为“冲动的”；compulsory意为“(因法律或规则而) 必须做的，强制的”；voluntary意为“自愿的，自发的”。句意：当地政府正在加大努力在农村地区普及义务教育。18. 单选题I am afraid that you have to alter your （ ） views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.问题1选项A.distressingB.optimisticC.indifferentD.pessimistic【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。distressing意为“使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的”；optimistic意为“乐观的，乐观主义的”；indifferent意为“漠不关心的”；pessimistic意为“悲观的，厌世的”。句意：鉴于刚刚传来的悲惨消息，我恐怕你要你改变你乐观的想法了。19. 单选题You cannot expect people to work hard unless you give them some kind of （ ）.问题1选项A.fascinationB.incentiveC.provocationD.temptation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。fascination意为“魅力，着迷”；incentive意为“激励，刺激，鼓励”；provocation意为“挑衅，挑拨”；temptation意为“诱惑，引诱”。句意：你不能指望人们努力工作，除非你给他们一些激励。20. 单选题I learnt that there are no genuinely,（ ）animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.问题1选项A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinct【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。endangered意为“快要绝种的”；domesticated意为“驯化了的”；indigenous意为“本地的，土生土长的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”。由后面的all the animals were brought here from other places（这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的）可知前面表示这个地区的动物不是土生土长的，选C。句意：我了解到这个地区没有真正本土的动物，这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的。