初中英语状语从句.doc

初中英语认识状语从句及语法习一、 什么是状语从句？用一个句子（从句）来作另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。二、状语从句的分类。 （1）时间状语从句用法要点 凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，as, since, while 等，具体用法如下： 1. when 意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如： I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。 When you are crossing the street，you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。 when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。eg. He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。 Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。 I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。 I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。 注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。eg. I was fishing by the river，when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。 We were working in the chemistry lab，when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。 2. before 意为“在之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如： We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。 He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。 after 意为“在之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如： After you use plastic bags，you mustnt throw them about. 你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。 He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。 注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work. 3. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句常用一般过去时。eg. We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。 We havent seen each other since we parted. 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。 注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句/ It has been +时间段+since从句 译为：自从有多长时间了。eg. It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。 4. until 意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式，notuntil 意为“直到才”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如： Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。（stay表示的动作可以持续） He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。（go to bed 表示的动作不能持续） 5. as soon as 意为“一就”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如： Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。 6. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与同时，在期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg. They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。 注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。eg. I like listening to music，while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。 7. till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到为止”，not till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。eg. I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。 We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。 （2）条件状语从句用法要点 我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就（不）会有主句的动作发生。通常情况下，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。 If I get there early，I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。 （3）地点状语从句用法要点 常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）eg. Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。 （4）原因状语从句用法要点 常用的引导连词有because，as和since，三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg. Why did you go？ I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。 He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。 As it was raining hard，we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。 Since you feel ill，youd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。 （5）目的状语从句用法要点 常用的引导连词有so that，that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。eg. Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。 I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。 I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。 注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语。eg. We work harder than usualto finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。（6）让步状语从句用法要点1）though,although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。例如： Althoughitsraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。 2）as,though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如： Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。 3）everif,eventhough即使。例如： Wellmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。 4）whetheror不管都。例如： Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.信不信由你，这确实是真的。 5）nomatter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever。例如： Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.不管发生什么，他不在意。 nomatterwhat=whatever nomatterwho=whoever nomatterwhen=whenever nomatterwhere=wherever nomatterwhich=whichever nomatterhow=however 注意：nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 三、主句与从句时态一致的问题。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况： 1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如： Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。 The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。 2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如： She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。 (when as before after since notuntil as soon as if as long as unless because since as for so that in order that so that sothat/suchthat though/although even if whatever wherever whenever where wherever)时间状语从句 条件状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 地点状语从句Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.I feel very happy when you come to see me.He was working at the table when I went in.We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.He called me after he had finished his work.We havent seen each other since we parted.It is six years since she graduated from the school.Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go there by bikeWhere there is a will，there is a way.As it was raining hard，we had to stay at homePlease speak more slowly so that we can understand clearly.状语从句专项语法习题 I. 填入适当的引导词 1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America. 2. He wont be here _ he is invited. 3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy. 4. We found the key _ she lad left it. 5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away. 6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train left. 7. He speaks English _ he were an Englishman. 8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand. 9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test. 10. She sang _ she went along. II. 改错 1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can. 2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her family. 3. He wont go out until his mother will come. 4. He was very foolish that he didnt pass such an easy exam. 5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home. 6. It was three months since he came to our school. 7. The playground of our school is larger than their school. 8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai. 9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green. 10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.III. 找出从句并指出是哪类状语从句 1. He had been a cook before he went to college. （ ）2. We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. （ ）3. If I get there early，I can see the doctor quickly. （ ）4. Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. （ ）5. After you use plastic bags，you mustnt throw them about. （ ）6. I feel very happy when you come to see me. （ ）7. I was fishing by the river，when someone called for help. （ ） 8. Ill stay here until you come back. （ ）9. We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. （ ）10. He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. （ ）IV. 填入适当的引导词完成句子 1. _ will do the experiment comes to the professors office. 2. _ will do the experiment hasnt been decided. 3. The teacher didnt leave _ twelve oclock. 4. _ the day went on，the weather got worse. 5. _ she is young，she knows quite a lot. 6. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 7. You will be late _ you leave immediately. 8. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. 9. _ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. 10. _ had I entered the room _ the phone rang.V. 改错 1. Is this the watch for which he is looking now？ 2. This is all which I can do for you. 3. Do you know the old man at the back of the room，whom has been chosen head ofthe factory. 4. I want to know the way which you learn new words. 5. Can you tell me that theres a bookstore near here？ 6. Our school quite different from that it was before. 7. If she likes the present is not clear to me. 8. For she is ill，she hasnt come to school. 9. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale. 10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class.