高三虚拟语气复习练习.doc

虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气：陈述事实或提出疑问，用于陈述句，疑问句和感叹句；祈使语气：表示请求、命令，指示或劝告等；虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实， 一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或让步状语从句中）； 一种表示说话人愿望、要求、命令、建议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、同 位语从句）。一、条件状语从句(1) 一般虚拟语气条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反didwould/might/should +do与过去事实相反had donewould/might/could +have done与将来事实相反did/should/were to +docould/would/might/should +do(2) 混合虚拟语气 有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气，它要求从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。 如：If I had finished my homework last night, I would be allowed to watch TV now. （从句是过去情况，而主句说明现在情况。） If you told me the truth now, I would not send for your parents tomorrow. （从句说明现在情况，主句说明将来情况。）(3) 含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如with, without, but for 等，或者通过副词or, otherwise等上下文表示。如：Without your encouragement, I wouldnt have succeeded. =If you hadnt encouraged me, I wouldnt have succeeded.二、宾语从句【特别注意】一定要是从句才用虚拟语气，否则根据固定搭配用陈述语气。I would rather had you hadnt told me. （宾语从句，用虚拟）I would rather have some water. （不是从句，用would rather do固定搭配）1、表示“希望、宁愿”wish, would rather 注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come.(我们不知道他们是否回来，然后希望他们来)（2） We wish they could come.(我们知道他们不会来，但是内心还是希望能来)2、表示“建议、命令、要求” 结构： + that + (should) + do （that不能省，should可以省） 常见的单词有：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, decide, ask, move, propose等 注意两个特殊单词：suggest & insistsuggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟语气；表示“暗示，表明”时，陈述语气。insist表示“坚持（做）”时，用虚拟语气；表示“坚持（认为）”时，陈述语气。The boy insisted that he is right.（表示“坚持认为”，没有虚拟）The smile on his face suggests that he is quite satisfied.（“表明”，不用虚拟）He suggests/ insists that we (should) go with him.（都翻译成“建议做”，虚拟语气）三、表语从句和同位语从句其实跟上面的用法是一样一样的，只是成分不同罢了。在英语中，凡是翻译成”建议、命令、要求”的意思，在从句中要用(should) + do的虚拟语气。所以，常见的单词就是上面单词的名词形式：suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /demand等。比较下面几个句子，体会不同成分的区别：1. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. (suggestion和we have a meeting讲的是一个事情，是同位语从句）2. My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting. (is后面是表语成分，表语从句)3. I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. (这是个宾语从句）四、主语从句中虚拟语气的使用。 做主语的时候，主要是It的形式主语，用于以下几个句型中1、It is /was + 形容词 + that . (should) do/ have done引导的从句（注意：有现在和过去两种） 常见单词：important, natural, necessary, essential, strange等。2. It is suggested/ desired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that . (should) do. 有木有很眼熟的赶脚？没错！又是“建议”一类的单词，只是把宾语从句中的主语换成了It，变成了主语从句。比如： I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. (这是个宾语从句） It is suggested that we (should) have a meeting.(这是个主语从句，真正的主语是划线部分） 其实，我还有个秘密没有告诉你。上面的第一点，中间加形容词的那个，其实也可以理解成“建议”一类的意思。褒义词，一般理解为suggest，贬义词，一般理解为dont suggest。 It is important that we (should) have a meeting. （既然重要，可以理解为“建议开会”) It is unnecessary that we (should) have a meeting.（既然没必要，可以理解为“不建议”）五、其他固定用法没办法，这个得死记，记死了！ even if/ though, as if/though, if only短语 He acts as if nothing had happened. Its (high) time that+did/ should do（注意：should不省） Its high time (that) we took/ should take some action. 表奇怪或惊讶。常使用should虚拟，可省略，意思为“竟然” It is a pity that you (should) leave so soon. 表示祝愿。常用动词原形或者是“May+主语+动词原形”的结构。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! May you succeed!6、 虚拟语气的倒装规则：把句中的had/ should/ were提前，把句首的if去掉。注意：had是时态，不是实意动词。If you had helped me, I would have passed the examination.= had you helped me, I would have passed the examination.If I had money, I would buy a car. （词句不能倒装，had是实意动词）（一）时态真题演练【2013真题演练】( ) 1. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I _ my homework. A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing( ) 2. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done( ) 3. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be( ) 4. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us.A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered( ) 5. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have been B. am C. was D. will be【2012真题演练】( ) 1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid( ) 2. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing( ) 3. The moment _soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has tome C. was coming D. is coming( ) 4. -I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? - Sorry, I the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played【2012真题演练】( ) 1. - Joan, what _ in your hand? - look! Its a birthday gift for ma grandpa?A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold( ) 2. In 1492, Columbus _ on one of the Bahama Islands, but the mistook is for an island off India.A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed( ) 3. It is the most instructive lecture that I_ since I came to this school. A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended【2011真题演练】（ ）1. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by science.A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made（二）虚拟语气2014年真题+举一反三演练（ ）1.（安徽卷）People are recycling many things which they away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown（ ）2. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come（ ）3.（北京卷）We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be（ ） 4. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live（ ）5.（大纲卷）Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can （ ）6. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes. A.must B.can C.should D.would（ ）7.（福建卷）no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been（ ）8.（湖南卷）If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. were B. had been G. should be D. was（ ）9.If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be