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模块5 Unit 1 Great Scientists 知识要点探究1. Who put forward a theory about black holes?Put forward要点提示 提出（建议等）；提名He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？归纳拓展put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）The plan that you _ at the meeting is wonderful.Many tall buildings were _ along the road.Firefighters have been called to _ the fire in the city center.He has a little money to _ for a rainy day.Dont _ until tomorrow what can be done today.2. Repeat if necessary.(1) repeat 要点提示 vt&vi 再说；再做；复述to repeat a mistake 重复错误to repeat that 再说一遍Could you repeat the question? 你能把这个问题重复一下吗？归纳拓展repeatability 可重复性；反复性；再现性；重复精读repeatable adj. 可重复的repeated adj. 重复的，再三的repeat oneself 反复做同样的事情(2) if necessary 要点提示if necessary是一种省略句式。在while, when, until, unless, if, once等引导的状语从句中，如从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语部分含动词be时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be。When (I was) a boy, I looked at such things quite differently.我小时候对这些事物的看法是完全不同的。Dont speak until (you are) spoken to. 别人没有跟你讲话，你就不要开口。单项选择Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (1) exposed to cholera要点提示exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。(2) expose要点提示暴露He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。归纳拓展exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露expose to 使易受，使受 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局单项选择The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded4. He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. (1) explaining how cholera killed people 要点提示本结构在此处为现在分词作后置定语，这个分词结构可以转化为一个定语从句的形式。如：There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.=There was a terrible noise which followed the burst of light.突然来电之后有一阵可怕的噪音。(2) get interested in要点提示此结构意为“对产生兴趣”。get为系动词。如：I got lost in the forest. 我在森林中迷路了。I got separated from my friends when we were in the crowds.在人群中我和我的朋友被分开了。归纳拓展get的用法归纳get+sb. +sth. 为某人弄到某物Will you please get me a ticket for the football match?请给我弄张足球赛的门票好吗？get+sth. +adj. 使某物处于某种状态We have got everything ready for the sports meeting.我们已经为运动会做好了一切准备。get + sth. +done 使某事被做You must get your homework done before you watch TV.你看电视前务必把家庭作业完成。Youd better go and get your hair cut. 你最好去理个发。get + sb. / sth. +doing 让某人（物）行动起来My duty was to get the four of us studying the subject. 我的责任是使我们四个人研究这个主题。Who can get the machine running? 谁能启动这台机器？get +sb. +to do 使某人做某事My idea is that we should get a porter to carry our luggage. 我的想法是我们得请个搬运工来搬动行李。get + adj. (get是连系动词)In summer it doesnt get dark until after eight oclock.夏天，直到八点过后，天色才暗下来。单项选择As we joined the big crowd, I got _ from my friends. (NMET 2001)A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missedThe flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004上海)A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt5. It seemed the water was to blame. (1) be to +动词原形要点提示be +动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，想当于must, should, ought to等。如：No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。You are not to drop litter in the park. 公园里不允许乱丢垃圾。(2) blame 要点提示v. 责备；谴责；把归咎于It is I who am to blame. 应该受到责备的是我。n. 过失，责任lay / put the blame on sb for sth单项填空If you fail the exam, you will only have yourself _. A. being blamedB. blamingC. blameD. to blameWho is _ the fire in the kitchen?A. to blame for B. to blameC. blame forD. blame同义句转换She blamed him for the failure of their marriage. She _ the blame for the failure of their marriage _ him.6. In addition, he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. (1) in addition要点提示本结构属副词用法，相当于as well as，如接宾语，则用in addition to。如：In addition, the course also produces practical experience. 此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。(2) link要点提示v. 把与连接；联系。如：Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。These pieces of information link up to suggest who the thief was.这些证据拼凑起来就提示出小偷是谁了。n. 联系；连接；环归纳拓展下列短语均表示“将和连接或联系起来”之意：link withlink and (together)link uplink to介词填空Television stations around the world are linked _ satellites.The newspaper linked his name _ hers.This is the new road being built to link _ the two motorways.7. Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. confuse要点提示v. 使混乱；使迷惑We tried to confuse the enemies. 我们试图迷惑敌人。混淆；混同Dont confuse the black and white. 不要混淆黑白。归纳拓展confusion n. 混乱，混淆confusedly adv. 受困惑地，混乱地，慌乱地confused adj. 困惑的，烦恼的confusable adj. 易被混淆的8. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (1) only if要点提示本结构意为“只有；只要”当以only引导的知语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装，如：Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进这房间。Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.只有靠大声呼叫和晃动手才能使人注意到他。归纳拓展辨析only if 与if onlyonly if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果就好了”I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。单项选择Only when your identity has been checked, _. (2003上海高考)A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed inC. will you allow inD. will you be allowed in(2) make sense要点提示本结构意为“讲得通；有道理”Here, read the sentence. It donest seem to make sense. 看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。Your story doesnt make sense to me. 你编的故事我听不明白。归纳拓展make out 勉强认出make for 移向；走向make up 化妆；担造，虚构make up for 弥补；补偿make of 理解；解释9. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. Would have done要点提示本结构表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像should或ought to 那样含有责备之意。如：I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.我猜这位诗人写第一首诗歌的时候，大概20岁左右。Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.想必另外一位工人不会那样做的。归纳拓展neednt have+过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于didnt need to do，译为“其实没必要”should have+过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该”should not+have+过去分词，表示本不应该做某事但实际做了，译为“本不应该”ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际示发生，译为“该”，与should的完成式含义类似。单项选择I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leaveSorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (NMET 2000)A. mightB. shouldC. canD. willThe mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. (2004北京春招)A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed10. He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. With the planets going round it 要点提示本结构是with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：with+n. / pron. +介词短语He sat there with a smile on his face. 他微笑着坐在那里。She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass o both sides. 她看见一条两边是红花和绿草的小溪。with +n. / pron. +副词With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.史密斯先生走了，我们有了更多的地方。with+n. / pron. +不定式With nothing to do, we went to the cinema. 因无事可做，我们去了电影院。With so much work to do, he could not go home. 因为有许多工作要做，他不能回家。with+n. / pron. +现在分词The street was quiet with no buses running.街上静悄悄没有汽车行驶。with+n. / pron.+过去分词In came a man with his hands tied back. 进来一个人，手绑在背后。She sat there with her head bent. 她坐在那里，低着头。With +n. / pron. +形容词He wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest.他穿着一个开领的衬衣，露着胸膛。单项选择_ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004北京春招)A. With B. BesidesC. As forD. Because of学习目标自测一、单词演练：根据中文或首字母提示，结合句意写出空白处各单词的正确形式。1. Only by _（科学）training can Liu Xiang make such rapid progress in the 110-metre hurdles.2. The doctor _（检查）the patient carefully but found nothing serious.3. She _（结束）her talk with a funny story.4. He doesnt know much about the subject, but hes very _(热心).5. The _（特点）I like best in him is his cheerfulness.6. Einstein put forward his T_ of Relativity in 1905, which has had great influence on the world of science.7. They had a quiet weddingonly a few friends a_ it.8. Your help was most v_. Without it we couldnt have finished the job.9. Have they a _ when the race will begin?10. Hes very old, and his m_ are getting slower and slower.二、对号入座：用所给单词或短语的适当形式完成下列各句。if only look up to make sense lead to in addition to defeat enthusiasm link attend cure1. I dont think your words _.2. _ I were 10 years younger!3. He draws well, _ being an excellent writer.4. We all _ him because of his bravery.5. His carelessness _ an accident.6. He _ all the other players in the game.7. There was no one to _ on him but his sister.8. It seems that nobody can _ me of smoking.9. They established trade _ with Asia.10. You dont sound _ about going to Spain.三、句意转换（一）词汇替换：从本单元选择合适的词语，根据句意用其正确形式替换下列句子中或线部分的词语。1. This is the plan which was suggested at the meeting.2. The surrounding villages have been taken in the growing city.3. The statue was taken away from the city center to the park.4. I want to have my own car.5. Besides some injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.（二）句型转换：在空白处填上适当的词，使其意思和所给句子相同，每空只填一词。6. A. She got someone to deliver the water to her home every day. B. She _ the water _ to her home every day.7. A. He suggested examining the source of all water supplies. B. He suggested that the source of all water supplies _.8. A. He worked on his theory and gradually improved it until it was complete. B. He worked on his theory, gradually _ it until it was complete.9. A. He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going around it. B. He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system _ the planets go around it.10. A. He only published his ideas as he was to die in 1543. B. He only got his ideas _ as he lay _ in 1543.四、单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1. Sarah, hurry up, Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party. A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change2. How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?I think wed better fly there. Its much more unfortable.A. insistB. wantC. supposeD. suggest3. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. whenC. howD. what4. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (2001全国) A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed5. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (2000全国) A. As B. ForC. WithD. Through6. A computer does only what thinking people _. (1999上海) A. have it doB. have it doneC. have done itD. having it done7. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.（1998全国） A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay8. The Olympic Games, _ in 776B. C., did not include women players until 1912. (1997全国) A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing9. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (1996上海)A. to persuadeB. persuading C. being persuadedD. be persuaded10. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (1994全国) A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written五、根据括号内的提示，翻译下列句子。1. 他以5分的优势获胜。（win by）2. 他们将责备你离开她。（blame sb for）3. 他对世界和平毫无贡献。（contributeto）4. 大雾招致了这次严重车祸。（lead to）5. 她的失踪正由警方加以调查。（look into）
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