2013高考英语写作练习健康饮食.doc

1交叉使用长句与短句在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好，正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短句，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。【例句】 中午我们晒着太阳吃着野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，还有的讲故事、下棋，大家玩得很开心。一般句：At noon we had a picnic in the sunshine.Then we had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and danced.Some told stories.Some played chess.优秀句：At noon we had a picnic in the sunshine.After a short rest，we had great fun singing and dancing，telling stories and playing chess.2避免同一词语的重复使用为了使文章更生动、更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中类似意思的词和短语很多，如love，enjoy，prefer，appreciate，be fond of，care for等。【例句】 我喜欢读书，而我的弟弟喜欢看电视。一般句：I like reading while my brother likes watching television.优秀句：I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.3适当使用短语代替单词【例1】 他已决定长大了当老师。一般句：He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.优秀句：He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.【例2】 他不大喜欢音乐。一般句：He doesnt like music.优秀句：He doesnt care much for music.4恰当套用某些固定表达方式【例1】 他太累了，不能再往前走了。一般句：He was very tired.He couldnt walk any further.优秀句：He was too tired to walk any further.【例2】 这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。一般句：The film was very interesting.Both the teachers and the students liked it.优秀句：The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.5灵活改变句子开头在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语谓语宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒装语序或以状语开头等，就会增强文章的表现力。【例1】 只有这样你才能把它做好。一般句：You can do it well only in this way.优秀句：Only in this way can you do it well.【例2】 门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。一般句：The door opened and Mr.Smith came in.优秀句：The door opened and in came Mr.Smith.【例3】 在小山顶上有一座古庙。一般句：There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.优秀句：At the top of the hill stands an old temple.6合理使用省略句合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精炼、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：【例1】 他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗？一般句：He may be busy.If he is busy，I will call later.If he is not busy，can I see him now?优秀句：He may be busy.If so，I will call later.If not，can I see him now?【例2】 她本可申请那份工作的，但她没有。一般句：She could have applied for that job.But she didnt do so.优秀句：She could have applied for that job，but she didnt.7适当运用非谓语结构 非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。【例1】 听到这个消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。一般句：When they heard the news，they all jumped with joy.优秀句：Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.【例2】 由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。一般句：As I didnt know her address，I wasnt able to get in touch with her.优秀句：Not knowing her address，I wasnt able to get in touch with her.8注意文章的过渡与衔接书面表达的评分标准是把衔接和连贯作为核心标准来要求的。之所以如此，是因为这是构成语篇的最基本的条件。语句间的连接成分是衡量衔接与连贯很重要的标准之一。构成语篇连接成分的过渡词语，被称为“篇章纽带”，其语篇衔接作用是不言而喻的，学生要学会正确恰当地使用这些表示逻辑关系的关联词语，使文章前后连贯，结构紧凑、过渡自然。表示过渡与衔接的常用表达有：表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another等表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等表示空间顺序的过渡词：near，far from，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right，to the left，around，on one side，outside等表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等表示对照的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，in spite of，even though等表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise等表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order that等表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，the most important等表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for，actually等表示总结的过渡词：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in brief，as has been stated等9合理安排句型注意把意思相近、相似、互为补充的句子合为一个复杂句，使重点突出，并且要明确内在的逻辑关系。一般句：When it is my birthday，my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birthday，or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want.优秀句：To celebrate my birthday，mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want.改后的句子由两句变为一句，句意更易理解，逻辑更清楚。注意中文和英文两种语言结构上的差别。(1)英文常用被动语态，而中文常用主动语态。The problem will be discussed tomorrow.明天讨论这个问题。(2)中文中主语多为人称代词，而英文中，人称代词、名词、动名词短语、不定式、从句等都能作主语。Its important to learn English well.Where and when the meeting will be held has not been decided.We aim at quality rather than quantity.Teaching the children is the thing I like best.10综合使用各类“高级”结构【例1】 现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。一般句：Now everyone knows the news.I think Jim must have let it out.优秀句：Now everyone knows the news.I think it must be Jim who has let it out.【例2】 我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。一般句：We had to stand there to catch the offender.优秀句：What we had to do was stand there，trying to catch the offender.【例3】 如果她的发音不比她老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。一般句：If her pronunciation is not better than her teachers，it is at least as good as her teachers.优秀句：Her pronunciation is as good as，if not better than，her teachers.11大胆使用高级词汇新出台的书面表达评分标准鼓励学生“尽量使用较复杂或较高级词汇”并对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。这样一来，不仅老师要求学生在力所能及的情况下尝试使用高级词汇，而且学生也很乐意通过几个高级词汇来显示自己的水平和提高自己书面表达的档次。那么，什么才叫高级词汇呢？其实，这是一个并未严格界定且概念十分模糊的提法，主要指以下几种情况：(1)大纲外的常用词汇英语考试大纲中没有却又在阅读时经常碰上的词汇，可视作高级词汇。Her dark eyes are very attractive.她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive可视为比用beautiful高级)Is the manager available？经理在不在？(用available可视为比用in高级)I came across her in the street the other day.几天前，我在街上碰巧遇见了她。(用the other day可视作比用a few days ago高级)(2)纲内词汇的纲外用法有些词汇虽在大纲之内，但其用法是中学英语教材中不曾有或较少见的，若运用得当，可视为高级词汇。Hearing the news，I felt kind of discouraged。听到这个消息，我感到有点泄气。(kind of在此用作副词，意为“有点”)(3)低级词汇的高级用法有的简单词汇由于结合使用了较新颖的表达形式，或在特定的语言环境下运用得恰到好处，也可视为高级用法。He stood before his teacher silently，with his head down.他低着头，一言不发地站在老师面前。(with复合结构用得好)The cat jumped over the short wall，up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.猫跳过矮墙，爬上楼梯，然后钻进了角落里的一个洞。(介词over，up，into等用得较好)12适当使用名言警句点缀在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个档次。通常在写作中用得着的名言警句有：Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。Look before you leap./First think，then act.三思而后行。It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。Art is long，but life is short.人生有限，学问无涯。It is good to learn at another mans cost.前车之鉴。 Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。Kill two birds with one stone.一石双鸟。In doing we learn.经一事，长一智。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。You cant make something out of nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。Nothing is so certain as the unexpected.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。Nothing so bad but might be a blessing.塞翁失马，焉知非福。13布局谋篇合理化在写作中，我们可按时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序来安排各要点，同时为使主题突出，结构严谨，我们应注意学习和使用交代句和主题句。看下列范文：Opinions are divided on the questions.60%_of_the_students_are_against_the_idea_of_entrance_fees.They believe a public park should be free of charge.People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.Charging entrance fee will no doubt keep some people away.What is more，it will become necessary to build gates and walls，which will do harm to the appearance of a city.On_the_other_hand，40%_think_that_fees_should_be_charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers，and to buy plants and young trees.They suggested，however，fees should be charged low.分析：1.该文使用Opinions are divided.作交代句，开门见山，随后两个段落均使用了主题句(见划线字部分)，使全文结构紧凑，表达严谨。2在表达要点时范文还对要点出场顺序作了调整，如“40%的同学认为应收门票，但不宜过高”。前部分作为主题句放在句首，而后部分另起一句放在句末：They suggested，however，fees should be charged low.这样就分清了轻重缓急，主题突出，条理清楚。3范文使用了and，what is more，however等连词，在段落之间使用了on the other hand说明前后两个观点是相悖的，这些连接手段的运用加强了句子之间，段落之间的联系，使文章表达连贯，浑然一体。4范文第二段在说明不收门票的原因时增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等细节，这也是解决句与句之间缺少连贯性的常见方法。总之，要想使自己的文章有亮点，吸引读者，在考试中获得高分，就应在用词、造句、谋篇上下工夫。