初二外研(下)语法句型短语总结.doc

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初二外研(下)语法句型短语总结MODULE1五种简单句歌决英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。1、主语+不及物动词(SV)不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完整。2、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)系动词:be ,look,seem ,become,feel ,get ,turn ,grow,smell,taste ,keep, sound 3、主语及物动词宾语(SVO)4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)直接宾语在前,加for或to连接间接宾语。Give,show ,send,bring ,pass, lend ,leave ,hand ,teel ,return, promise ,refuse,throw 用to ,make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing,pay用for .5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)there be 句型。tidy up 收拾, fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,fan the flame煽动情绪, a movie fan , 影迷, un反义前缀,tidy-untidy,happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortableat least至少, 祈使句,肯定以动词原形开头,反问用will you ?/wont you?,否定用Dont +动词原形,反问用will you ?,Lets 用shall we?take up占据,代词放中间 , take away拿走 ,take sth. back,收回某物 take .to 把带到.take off脱 下,起飞 .take place发生 ,take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语时可互换a bit of =a little,有点儿,修饰名词 on time按时 ,in time及时 , from time to time有时 ,a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,have a good time ,玩得高兴be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生兴趣指人的不定代词somebody/someone,everybody/everyone ,anybody/anyone,nobody/no one 指物的不定代词,anything,something,everything,nothing play the violin ;弹奏乐器,play +the+乐器, 球类,play+球,世上独一无二的加the ,前面出现过的用the ,make+宾语+宾语补足语(使.处于某种状态,地位)make sb.do sth.使某人做某事,后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三让have let make,四看see,look at ,watch ,notice,半帮助help,make sb.sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事, make money赚钱,make a living谋 生, make trouble引起麻烦,make friends with sb.与某人交朋友, make war 开战,make a fire生火, make a face做鬼脸,make .from用.制成(用被动) make of用.制成(用被动)make fun of 取笑,与开玩笑, make room for 为让地方,make up 编造, make up ones mind 决心,拿定主意,现在完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对现在造成的影响和结果,或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already,yet ,ever ,never,just ,before, for + some time ,since,at the end of 在尽头,在末尾,(时间,位置) by the end of =not later thanby the end of 到末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时by the end of+现在时间,用于现在完成时, in the end =at last =finally,最后end(动词) up with以结束, come to an end 告终,结束 ,begin with以开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上.happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生,预料中发生的事,.happen是偶然发生的, be famous for因.而出名,外界客观,be famous as作为.而出名,本身身份 , be good for 对有益be good at擅长, a collection of.的收藏 ,take an interest in 对某事感兴趣, give an interview,会面,做访谈as a result结果, as a result of 由于,因为,also 也,肯定句中,too也,肯定,句末,逗号 ,either也,否定,句末,逗号, as well也,肯定,句末, be sure确信,相信, in life一生中, all ones life一生,终身 buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb .think about考虑,思考,想起 ,think of想起 think over工,思考book after=take care of =care for,照顾 look over, 检查,查看 ,look for寻找, look up 查找, be popular with,受的欢迎 when , while,as的用法:when可引用可延续性和非延续性,若两分句是非延续性,只用when while引用可延续性,若两分句是可延续性,只用whileas常 用于同时发生的be useful to/for 对.有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词,failure失败someothers没有范围的“一些”另一些,但不是全体,somethe others某一范围的 “一些.其他”的,表全体,one .another不定数目中的“一个”“另一个”one .the other两者中的“一个,另一个”花费: sb.spend (s) some money on sth.sb.spend(s) some time on sth.sb. spend(s)some money (in) buying sth.sb.spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.pay: sb.pay(s) some money for sth.cost: sth cost sb. some money/timetake :It takes sb. sometime to do sthIt takes sb .some money to buy sth .Its +adj.+for sb. +to do sth .外界原因,Its +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质,remember/forget to do sth.想起/忘记要做某事,remember/forget doing sth.想起/忘记做过某事。 in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前,start ,begin当用于进行时,后用to +V原,主语是物时,后用+to V原,such as 像,例如, for example 句首,句中,用逗号隔开,缩写e.g,as well as连接两相同的内容 , come out 出版 ,开放,出现,probably句中,不用于句中,不用于句首, maybe可能性很小,口语,句首perhaps或许句首,句中what do you think of =how do you like . show sb .sth =show sth to sb. try to do sth 努力做某事, try doing sth.尝试做某事try ones best 尽某人的最大努力, try out试验 ,try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,动词后只跟 Ving 的有:finish ,practice ,mind ,feel like ,miss ,kee p,pardon,excuse ,suggest consider,give up ,cant help, need to do sth 需要做某事,主语是人, need doing需要被做某事,主语是物dress sb给某人穿衣 , drss oneself 自己穿衣be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明,就近原则: not onlybut also ,不仅.而且 eitheror .不是就是,或者.或者neithernor 既不也不,there be 动词以最近的主语为标准 MODULE 2 宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后带的从句。引导词展示关:1.宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;2.特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;3.一般疑问句改成的,用连词if或whether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以替换。不能省略。语序应用关:主语在前,谓语动词在后,(带有宾语从的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,与从句无关。主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号)时态照应关:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,从句不受影响,根据情况选用。2.主句是过去时,从句也一定用过去的时间(一般过去时、过去进行时等)3.从句是客观真理、自然现象等,任何时候都用一般现在时。(以Could you tell me .?/ would you tell me .?开头的不能用过去时态。)否定转移关:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等时,主句的主语是又是第一人称,人句表示的否定意义转移到主句,(反问句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。)转换“变脸”关:一些动词:tell,know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接(副)词+不定式(连接副永why除外)也就是疑问词+动词不定式(to)举行会议hold a meeting; 抓住,得到catchhold of ;(不挂断)等一下hold the line ,hold on, 趾高气扬hold one heae high;阻止,抵制hold back; 赞同,赞成hold withif当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句,该用将来时就用将来时。E.g I dont care if doesnt rain.if当“如果”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 闷热的日子a close day ; 在附近close by;接近于close to , 结束,终止bring to a close;停止,关闭close down hear of/about听说;hear from sb,收到某人的来信; hear sb .out , 听某人把话讲完;hear,see, watch,notich,后跟V-原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing表示正在发生。In加一段时间,常用用将来时will,用how soon 提问。be different from与.不同; be excited about对.感到兴奋/激动;为什么不做某事呢,做.怎么样?Why dont you do that?=why not do that?提建议:Lets do sth! Shall we/I do sth? What (how) about doing sth?sometime过去或将来某个时候,用于过去时或将来时;some time一段时间表,some times几次几倍, sometimes 有时常用于一般现在时。alone 强调单独的个体,多作表语。 lonely表示感情上的孤独。Laugh at sb.嘲笑某人, laugh oneself to death笑得要死;Worry sb with sth某事使某人烦恼; worry about sb/sth.担心某人/某事;be worried about=worry about担心的,忧虑的; as usual照常,像平常一样;than usual较平常. a unusual man一个不寻常的人,用冠词“a”pass away去世,磨时间; pass by过去(人)从旁而过;pass through路过,经过,经历,经验; pass on (to)继续前进,传递;touch sb to the heart.触动某人的心弦, be in touch with与.接触;keep in touch with与.保持联系; get in (into) touch with与.取得联系;lose touch with与.失去联系, touch off触发,激起。It doesnt matter.不要紧; the matter麻烦事;no matter how(what,when ,where.)不管怎样(什么,哪里,何时.)How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;how much多少,用于不可数名词数量或价格提问,how old 多大,对年龄进行提问;how long多长,多久,对一段时间和物体长度进行提问,how tall多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人和树;how often多久,对事物的频率进行提问,如对这些提问often,usually,sometimes,never,always,three times a day,twice a week,once a month等how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in+一段时间提问how far多远,对距离进行提问。how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;be afraid of doing sth.担心,害怕发生某种后果;make friends with sb.和某人交朋友, a piece of advice一条建议a piece of information一条信息; a piece of news一条新闻want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。not.any more=no more不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,not .any longer=no longer不再,表示时间上不再延续。电话常语:Is that sb.(speaking)? This is sb(speaking) Sb speaking/Speaking. May I speak to sb?Hold on ,please. Can I take a meesage,please?Who is that ?/Who is calling? expect to do sth,预计做某事 so much如此多,on ones way to在某人去.的路上 by the way顺便说一下,in ones way 阻挡, in a(one) way某种程度上,在某点上 ones own某人自己的 , no one 一般不与of连用,动词用单数,指人,但不具体指,常用来回答who/anyone/anybody引导的疑问句。none与of连用,动词可用单复数,具体指什么人或物,用来回答how many +n./how much +n./any +n.引导的疑问句。nothing 掼物,不用于人,动词用单数,用来回答anyting ,what 引导的疑问句。talk to /with sb.与某人交谈, talk about sth.with sb.与某人谈论某事at the moment;此时此刻 make sb do sth.使某人做某事give/take /follow/ask for a piece of advice.Would you like sth? Yes ,please/No ,thanks.Woulld you like to do sth.? Yes,Id like/love to. have fun做某事很愉快 call back回电话;call sb.back 给某人回电话, hold the line请稍等,立刻right now ,at once,right away , 刚才just now.take a message for sb, 为某人捎信, leave a message for sb.为某人留口信。whether.or not是否 welcome to .欢迎来.in fact事实上, a couple of 几个,两个。Be different from与.不同, be the same as .与.一样a pair of 一双,一对,是不能分开的,缺一不可, a couple of ,是同一类事物中相关的两个。 Good luck with.祝.顺利。Good luck to sb.表示祝某人幸运; early autumn初秋,late autumn晚秋, junior high school初级中学,far away遥远的, far away from=far from离.远 near to so far到现在为止,与现在完成时连用; turn back折回,往回走;without a word没有说话; get in touch with和.取得联系;keep in touch with和.保持联系 change ones life 改变某人的生活whats the matter with you?=whats wrong with you?=whats the trouble with you?believe in sb.信任某人 at first起初;first of all首先,第一; so.that如此.以至于;tooto太而不能 take pride in以自豪in pulic公开地,当众; at that time=at that moment在那时day by day一天天地trun back转身smile at 对微笑, laugh at .sb嘲笑某人play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑tell jokes 讲笑话if 与whether的用法:在ask,know,wonder等动词后引导一个宾语从句时,可以互换。1、引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,只能用whether2、如果其后接动词不定式,则只能用whetherI cant make up my mind whether to go or not .3、用于介词之后时,只能用whether4、与or not 连接时,只用whether而不用if .5、if可引导条件状语从唏,意为“如果”,whether可引导让步状语从句,意为“不管,无论是否”6、even if 和as if 中的if不能换成whetherMODULE3动词不定式与动词的ing形式作宾语1、常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词。一些动词后面常跟不定式作宾语,如want ,agree,decide等。口诀:要想拒绝忘记 want , refuse ,forget需要努力学习 need , try , learn喜欢同意帮助 like, agree, hel希望决定开始 hope ,wish ,decide, begin ,start2、常见的跟动词的ing形式作宾语的动词。 这些词主要有: finish, enjoy, ,practice等。完成 练习 值得忙 finish, practice,be worth ,be busy,继续 习惯 别放弃 keep on ,be used to ,give up 考虑 建议 不禁 想 consider, suggest, cant help, feel like,喜欢 思念 要介意 enjoy,miss, mind3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式,也可以跟动词的ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大。(1)gorget to do sth. /forget doing sth.forget doing 忘了做过某事forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(2)remember to do sth.记着要做某事 remember doing记着做过某事(3)stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事everybody /everyone每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否定句中表示部分否定。thank sb.for sth(doing sth =thanks for/thank you for sth(doing sth)为而向某人表示感谢,后加ing; take sb .around=show sb.around带领某人参观, look out (for)当心;小心 ,look at看 , look like 看起来,look for寻找, look after照顾, look up 查找,向上看, look out of向外面看 ,look forward to盼望,期待 , look over检查,Dont mention it不客气 ,Its my pleasureThats all right ./Youre welcome. /Not at all.用于回复别人的感谢。 keep on doing sth.反复做某事 keep from doing sth.阻止/防止做某事,同/stop/prevent from doing sth.keep away(使)离开,,(使)不接近 keep back阻止,留在后面,keep together在一起,动作协调, keep up持续,使不低落,keep up with跟上,不落后, keep in with与保持友好关系,keepin mind把记在心里 help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事,help sb. with sth .在某方面帮助某人 cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事help oneself/ help oneself to sth自用或自取某物 report sth .to sb.把某事向某人汇报 would like/want, 想 would like to do sth.=want to sth. would you like =do you want Me ,too.我也是,前句是肯定句。Me,either. 前句是否定句。prepare for为作准备watch ,see ,look at ,notice ,read 的区别:watch,指仔细观看,看电视、球赛等 see 指看望某人,看电影,看医生等。look at 仅表示看这个动作。 notice 指偶尔看到;注意到;觉察到read指看书;看报。 the end of 的结尾agree with同意某人,同意某人的看法或观点,agree to对表示同意agree on愿意;答应,认同 each other 两者之间的“彼此,互相”one another 三者或三者以上之间“相互;彼此。”look down向下看 ,look down upon藐视,看不起,look up to尊重;尊敬 ,in radio在播音方面,Shouldnt you be at school?是一个否定疑问句,用于表示惊讶情绪,答语和反问回答是一致的,针对事实作答。explain sth .to sb.向某人解释某事。when I was about four or five years old =at the age of four or five. in person亲自ask for要 ask sb. for sth向某人要某物learn from.向学习learn about /of听说,了解到learnby oneself=teach oneself自学 close down 停止(播音),关闭动词变表示人的名词时通常加er,也有部分单词加or构成runrunner playplayer singsinger winwinner reportreporter managemanager act actor visitvisitor collectcollector inventinventor operate operator conduct conductorin front of 在.前,在事物外部的前面, in the front of在事物内部的前面 sound like听起来像 introduce sb .to sb.把某人介绍给某人the lives of 的命运 表示建议的句型有:1、Shall we?我们好吗? 2、Lets .让我们3、What /how about怎么样? 4、Why dont you/we.=why not?为什么不?5、Would you like.?你愿意.吗?回答时用Id like/love to . sorry ,but .对于建议肯定回答:good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not?/Great/Yes, Id love to 对于建议否定回答:Im sorry ,Im afaid /Id love to ,but .score a goal 进一球 score a success获得成功MODULE 4if 从句 if 引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断。可以把条件句分为两类:(1)真实条件句:凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。If I have time ,I will help you with this work.if从句若是一般现在时,主句应用将来时。(2)虚拟条件句:当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。If I were you ,I would have attended the meeting .If he had come here yesterday,he would have seen his old friend . 条件句中如有,可以省去,并使用倒装语序。 play back回放, turn on 打开,多指打开电器、水龙头等 ,turn off 关上, lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人。borrow sb.sth=borrow sth form sb.向某人借来某物,借一段时间用keep.send sb. sth=send sth. to sb. send away 派出,送出,send up发射 ,send for派人去请,connect .to /with 把和连接save ones life 挽救某人的生命,pick up 捡起,拾起,bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手, a few days earlier几天前 a few days later 几天以后climb out of 从.爬出来,take a photo of 给拍照怎么啦?:1.what is wrong with sb./sth. 2.whats the matter with sb./sth?3.whats the trouble with sb./sth? wait for等待cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地去做某事 a text message一条短信息 look on 旁观 look on sb. as把某人看作. get /be ready to do sth准备好做某事,乐意做某事 get /be ready for sth=prepare for为准备好 eceive a postcard 收到一张明信片,on the front of 在前面,在正面, on the back,在背面,在后面what kind of什么种类,哪种 , a kind of 一种, all kinds of 各类各样的 kind of有点儿,相当于a little,a bit ,take a photo=take photos,拍照 look up仰视,查找(字典) ,look sb. up and down,上下打量看某人 look up to 尊敬,仰视,look after照顾 , look down on(upon)看不起,瞧不起,look forward to doing sth盼着做某事 , look through,浏览send a message home,给家里发信息 send sb sth/send sth to sb.,play back回放 , turn on 开, turn off 关, turn down关小 ,turn up 开大,come on赶快 , come from, 来自 come back回来, come along ,跟着来 come over,顺便来访 come down落下,降落hurt oneself伤害某人自己 save ones life挽救某人的生命bite sb .on the hand 咬了某人的手 across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体表面上沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作。through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端,但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的,往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。over用作“穿过,通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧.pick up ,捡起 a few一些,几个,用于名词复数形式肯定,few很少,几乎没有,用于名词复数形式否定 a little 有一点,用于不可数名词肯定,little很少,几乎没有否定 on business ,出差借入borrow ,借出lend,借一段时间keepwith和一起,具有带有;携带;与同时,随着;由于,因为;表示行为方式;就来说,关于。 what is the price of sth?=how much is sth.某物多少钱?be surprised to do sth做某事而感到惊奇,a few days earlier几天前,show .to .把给看, suggest to sb向某人提建议, Irish爱尔兰的,Ireland爱尔兰,IrishmanE爱尔兰男人, Irishwoman爱尔兰女人 wait for sb./sth等待某人/某物 hide sth from sb把某事瞒着某人. hide out 躲藏,, hide up包庇(坏人),take ones medicine 忍受不愉快的事, take medicines服药, be surprised at sth.对感到不惊奇 be surprised that+从句in surprise 惊奇地,to ones surprise令某人吃惊的是 leave for a place动身去某地 MODULE5if 引出的条件状语从句的时态1.主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来;2.当主句用祈使句或情态动词时,从句通常用一般现在时。3.如果主句中的动词是want,hope等 词,则用一般现在时。4.有时if 引导 的从句也可以用will,表“愿意”。5. if引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换主语为you的条件状语从句可与“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句式互换。If you work harder ,youll pass the exam. -Work harder ,and youll pass the exam.If you dont hurry up ,you ll miss the train.Hurry up ,or youll miss the train.6. if 引导的条件句也可用一般过去时来表示与现在相反的假设。(虚拟语气)be able能,会, all together一起,at the end of 在结束时, take off 卸掉,拿走,at least 至少, atfter all 毕竟, help sb .with sth 帮助某人做某事, hurry up赶快,usefor用.来干,be used to so sth=be used for (doing) sth被用来干某事,be used by被用, offer t odo sth提供帮助做某事,be good at =do well in 擅长, be weak in=do badly in在方面弱。 have a chance to do sth=have a chance of doing sth.有做某事的机会take a chance碰运气 beat down 打倒,摧毁,还价,beat off 击退, beat ones brains 绞尽脑汁,beat up 袭击,痛打, punish sb for sth因而惩罚某人,punish sb with (by )death把某人处死,punish sb. with (by) a fine处某人以罚款 one of +名词复数,动词用单数。之一,one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数动词用三单,最.之一 花费时间和某人/某物在一起spend some time with sb/sth. too much 太多,后跟名词, much too太,非常后跟形容词或副词。 be proud of =take pride in 以.自豪 send sb .away 把送走,把撵走,把开除, so 是副词,通常修饰形容词,副词,表示这么多(少)名词前用,many ,much ,few ,little表示“多少”时应用so, such是形容词,常修饰名词,放在a/an之前,all, no ,one ,few ,several ,some ,any ,many等词之后,可以修饰各种名词。such+a/an +adj.+单数名词so +adj.+a/an +单数名词 ask to do sth要求做某事, ask sb to sth要求某人做某事, ask for请求, ask for trouble自找麻烦 be sure to do sth一定,必须., be sure of sth /be sure that意为确信 .be sure of doing sth.有把握做某事 offer to do sth提出做某事,愿意做某事 steal sth from sb. steal sb .sth.go to sleep 入睡,睡着 , go to bed 上床睡觉,go to sleep /fall asleep /get to sleep入睡,睡着, be asleep睡得很熟 ,be fast asleep睡得很熟 be sleeping正在睡觉。be tired of 厌烦.对感到厌烦 adj./adv.+enough for sb. +to do sth做某事对某人来说够.。instead of 代替,而不是 主动语态变被动语态歌诀:宾变主,主变宾 ,by短语后面跟。谓语主动变被动,be加“过分”来使用。何种时态变被 动,时态只能在 be上动。说到主动和被动,还是被动最常用 。被动语态的结构是:be+及物动词的过去分词变法:1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.2.主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主4.主+谓+宾+宾补 宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen to )变为被动时,后加to6. 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:7. (1) 一般现在时的被动语态:am is, are+过去分词8. (2) 一般过去时的被动语态:was were+过去分词9. (3) 一般将来时的被动语态:will be+过去分词10. (4) 现在完成时的被动语态:have hasbeen+过去分词11. (5) 过去完成时的被动语态:had been+过去分词12. (6) 现在进行时的被动语态:am is, are being+过去分词13. (7) 过去进行时的被动语态:was were being+过去分词14. (8) 过去将来时的被动语态:would be+过去分词15. 4. 含有情态动词的被动形式16. 若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”in the front of 在.前面(内部) at the back of .在.后面be angry at /about sth.因某事而生气 be angry with /at sb.和某人生气be able to do sth能够, refuse to do sth拒绝,would rather do sth than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 punish sb. with /by 把某人以处罚 warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事write to sb.给某人写信 use sth .to do sth.用某物做某事go wrong ,出毛病,出错 use .for 用.来做onto 到.之上, into到.之内, out of 从出来 这些词语常与动态词连用make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误, be angry to do sth .做某事很生气 , be angry with sb.for doing 因某人做了某事而生气, first second首先其次,感叹句:感叹的中心落在形容词、副词或整个句子上,用how引导感叹 句。即:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!感叹的中心落在名词上,用引导感叹句。即: what+a/an+形容词 +可数名词单数+主语+谓语! what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! pocket money零用钱, after all不管怎样,毕竟 hurry up赶快 , in a hurry匆忙地 , hurry to do sth.匆忙去做某事 save up积攒,储存,on ones way to 在某人去某地的路上,副词不用to , be broken破了,坏了agree on 对.取得一致意见,同agree in doing sth.,agree to sth.后面跟表示提议、办法、计划、安排等的名词或代词。agree with 后面常 接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语feel sorry for 对感到抱歉,对感到遗憾 find difficult发现.困难get into trouble招惹麻烦,陷入麻烦,the first (one) to do sth.第一个做某事的人start with =begin with以作开始warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/提醒某人(不要)做某事warn sb. against sth ./doing sth.提醒/警告某人不要做某事warn sb. of/ about sth.警告某人某事 warn sb. that警告某人. MODULE6直接引语改为间接引语引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语一、如何变人称: 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况: 1.直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有s
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