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八年级下册 Unit3 教学案、课堂要求：1.练习掌握本单元的基础知识：一般过去时的用法；以when和while引导的状语从句。2.能够通过练习熟练掌握如何谈论过去发生的事。Section A固定短语1. be busy with sth / be busy doing sth 忙于某事2. get out of 从出来3. walk down the street 沿着街走4. at around ten oclock 在大约10点钟5. an unusual experience 一个不寻常的经历6. take a shower 洗澡7. on ones way to 在某人去的路上8. as a country tercher 作为一名乡村教师9. hurt ones feeling 伤害某人的感情10. take off 飞机起飞；脱下衣服11. go after = follow 跟随12. begin to do sth 开始去做某事重点句型1. The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.当UFO着路的时候，这个男孩正沿着街走。2While the boy was walking down the street ,the UFO landed. 当UFO着路的时候，这个男孩正沿着街走。When / while 都有“当时”之意，引导时间状语从句。短暂性谓语动词的句子用一般过去时态，延续性动词用过去进行时态。自主先学：1.预习课本18，19页，找出下列词组单词1 不明飞行物_2、理发师_3、理发店_4、浴室_5、卧室，寝室_6、厨房_7、出去，离开_8、外星人_9、动词buy的过去时_10、着陆_11、动词get的过去式_12、起飞_13、当的时候_短语 1在浴室里_2、在厨房里_3、在我的卧室里_4、在我的理发店_5、在图书馆前面_6、在理发店的椅子上_7、在图书馆里学习_8、打扫我的房间_9、睡过头_10、做奶昔_11、做饭_12、从浴室里出来_13、打电话_14、吃午饭_15、理发_16、起飞_17电视台_ 18.出去，离开_2.完成课本1a要求，图文搭配。3模仿课本1c练习。Look!What were these people doing when the UFO arrived?Jim was writing a diary in his bedroom when the UFO arrived.Belinda was _. Bob _.Geoffrey _.The twins were _.My parents _.交流探讨 1 过去进行时过去进行时：含义： 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。结构： be (was/were) + doing例句：What were you doing at nine last night?I was taking a shower at nine last ninight.现在进行时含义： 表示现在正在进行的动作。结构： be (is/am/are) + doing例句：I am having an English class. We are listening to Mr. Fu. 三 知识点导学 知识点一. UFO：Unidentified Flying Object不明飞行物1947年6月24日，一名叫做阿诺德的美国商人，架着一架小型飞机在华盛顿州上空，发现一组巨型不明飞行物以1000公里左右的速度，同他一起在空中翱翔。阿诺德的有关目击报告第一次引起公众的兴趣，从此“飞碟”或UFO便迅速流传开来。知识点二、in front of与 in the front of in front of 指在某一事物外部的前面，其反义词为behind，意为“在。的后面”。 in the front of 意为“在。的前部”，指在某一事物的内部的前面，其反义词为at the back of 。，意为“在。（范围内）的后部。”活学活用1 这位老人正坐在他的房子前。_.2 我喜欢坐在教室的前面。_.知识点三词条词性词义例句land名词陆地Most animals live on land.动词着陆The plane landed safely.活学活用 根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1 They were the first men to l_on the moon.2 It was good to be back on _(陆地)知识点四 when与while引导的状语从句When和while这两个词都可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当。的时候”。1 when 引导的时间状语从句，既可以表示“一段时间”，又可以表示“一点时间”，因此从句的谓语动词既可以使延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。常跟一般过去时如：When I cane back from school, I had a short rest. When I was writing ,she came in .2 while引导的时间状语从句只能表示“一段时间”，所以while从句的谓语动词须是延续性动词。常跟过去进行时如：While we were having dinner ,the telephone rang .While I was in Shanghai ,I saw her three times.1.When the alien got out, the girl was shopping=While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. 2.When the UFO landed, the boy was walking down the street. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed 活学活用 单项填空1 Dont be afraid of asking for information _it is needed. A when B after C although D unless2 A good friend always gives you a hand _youre in trouble . A when B before C until D though3 He met many problems _he was going over his lessons. A before B as soon as C since D while对话练习：看课本2c图片，用when和while练习。例如：A：What was the girl doing when the UFO took off?B: While the girl wasC: When the UFO took off the man was句子1当不明飞行物到达的时候，你正在做什么？_2当不明飞行物着陆时，这个小男孩正沿着街道走。._3当他看见这个外星人出来时，这个小男孩正在购物。_4 当这个外星人买纪念品时，这个小女孩报了警。_5 当这个外星人参观博物馆时，这个小男孩给电台打了电话_一、自主先学：1.预习课本20页，找出下列单词1经历，体验_2想象，设想_3 奇怪的，陌生的_4 跟随，追随_5 令人惊异的_6 开玩笑，戏弄_短语1 一个非常不寻常的经历_2 在星期天_3 在早晨_4 正好着陆在我前面_5 走进一个礼品店_6 给警察打电话_7 离开商店_ 二、 知识点导学知识点一 I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.星期天我经历了一件不寻常的事儿。1 unusual为形容词，意为“异常的，不寻常的“，其反义词为usual。2 experience在这里做可数名词，意为“经历,经历的事”。experience做不可数名词，意为“经验”experience作动词，意为“经历，体验，感受”知识点二 At around ten oclock in the morning,I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.大约上午10时，我正沿街走时，突然一架飞碟降落在我面前。（1）around在这里表示“大约”，相当于about。（2）around做副词还有“在四周，周围”等含义。活学活用 词语释义He got there around 4:00 p.m.A.round B.at C.about D.over知识点三 You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象它有多么奇异！（1）此句含有感叹句how srange it is的宾语从句。主句为You can imagine。imagine为动词，意为“想像，设想”strange为形容词，意为“奇怪的”。（2）How strange it was!是一个感叹句，意为“这句多么令人惊奇呀！”由how引导的感叹句，其构成为“How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！”how作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词。知识点四I follwed it to see where it was going,and was very surprised when it went into a souvenir shop.我紧跟着他（外星人）看他要去哪里，当看到他进入一家纪念品店时，我感到非常惊讶。follow为动词，意为“跟随”，与go after同义。follow sb to do sth意为“跟着某人做某事”。（1）follow作动词。意为“理解，明白”，与understand,catch同义。 (2 ) following为形容词，意为“接着的，下述的”.知识点五 Isnt that amazing1那难道不令人惊讶！（1）这句话使用了否定疑问句的语序，但其意义并非询问而是感叹，相当于Thats amazing.“那令人惊异“。使用这种语序比陈述句语序语气更强烈，更丰富。（2）amazing为形容词，意为“令人惊异的”，主语为事或物;而amazed意为“感到吃惊的”，主语常为人。知识点六 Youre kidding！你在骗人！（1）kid为动词，意为“欺骗，开玩笑”。（2）kid 作名词，意为“小孩，年轻人”。本环节小测 1.He was sleeping late _ someone knocked on the door. A.when B.whileC.asD.after2._ the police arrived,the alien left the ground. A.WhenB.BeforeC.AfterD.While3._ I was walking to school, I saw a cat climbing a tree. A.WhenB.While C.Before D.After4 _ I was walking on the street, I met my old friend.5 She was singing _ she was walking.6 I was walking on the street _ I met my old friend.7 They were reading English _ I stayed at home.8 They were talking _ I arrived.9上个礼拜三我正在骑车回家，突然我看见路边有个外星人在买纪念品。10昨天晚上当我在做作业的时候，我的父母一直在看电视。11昨天下午当老师近来的时候，我们正在说话呢。12上午当我在做作业的时候，我妈妈喊我。Section B固定短语 1. It was really scared. be scared “（某人）给吓坏了，害怕了。”近义短语be afraid / frightened. 2. call the police报警 3. talk on the telephone在电话里交谈 4. look outside往外看，look outside of 向的外面看.5.on the morning of Apirl 20 在四月二十日的早晨(在具体的日期前用on)5.at the doctors 在医务室（在诊所，家，理发店等地方时不用写出地点）6. He shouted at me. So I stopped climbing. shout at sb. 冲某人大叫，shout sth. 大叫某事物（shout his name） stop doing sth. 停止做某事，stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事重点句型1. What were you doing at 7：009：00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上7点到九点你正在做什么?课后作业1 I _(sleep) when I _ (hear) a knock at the door.2 When I saw him , he _ (wait) for the bus. 3 What _ you _ (do) at this time yesterday?4 I _ (not go ) to the cinema last night. 5 I saw him _ (play) in the park just now.6When you _(call) me a moment ago , I _ (write) . 7They enjoy _ (live) here very much.Reading固定短语1. ask sb (not) to do sth 让某人（不）做某事2. take place = happen 发生3. tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事4. remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 本环节小测 1.Whats the _ (mean) of the phrase?2.Tere are lots of_ (hero) in the history of the world.3.He _ (become) a famous scientist in 2002.4.The children were having fun _ (play) games.5.My father_ (tell) me tot to play with fire.本单元语法1. 过去进行时态一、定义:指在过去某一时间点或时间段内主语正在做某事.在此种时态中常出现的时间性短语包括:at that / this time yesterday；at+时刻+yesterday/last night/Sunday., from+ 某时刻+to+某时刻+表示过去的时间，when引导的表示过去某时刻的从句等。二、基本句型如下：肯定句：主语 + was / were + V-ing + 否定句：主语 + was / were not + V-ing + 一般疑问句：was / were +主语 + V-ing + ？特殊疑问句：when / what /who / + was / were + 主语 + V-ing + ？三、用法 1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)4. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例题：1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。（四）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 1一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。、一般过去时）叙述过去状态、动作或事件He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）表示过去的习惯a) would ,used to与过去时would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为）表示过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)B. 过去进行时表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。He was always Changing his mind.2、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用)He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时)C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.I saw him while I was walking to the station.3、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )2)表存在、状态的动词，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等3)表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.4)表一时性的动词，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in.2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.答案：was cooking解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。五、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.答案：was reading解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.自主训练：（一 ）、单选1 What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2 I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.A home B had C was having D have had3 My mother _ while my father _TV.A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched4 When I got home, my son _ the music.A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 We heard a cry when we _ TV last night.A were watching B would watch C watch D watched6 The teacher _ when I came into the classroom.A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing7 Was it raining hard when you _ this morning?A left B leaves C was leaving D would leave2感叹句：用法：表示一种惊讶，赞叹，吃惊的感情色彩。句子结构：How + adj（形容词）+ 主语 + 谓语1) 这个电影太有趣了！2) 那个小女孩如此的聪明！What + a / an +adj + n + 主语 + 谓语1) 今天的天气真是太晴朗了！2) 这种花的颜色真鲜艳啊！本单元需掌握的几个不规则动词：meet met （遇见，遇到） run ran （跑）ride rode （骑车） see saw （看见）get got （得到，获得） think thought （想，认为）take took （带着，拿着） say said （说）
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