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Noun Clause 名词性从句,1、本讲内容： 学习名词性从句。 2、学习要求： （1）掌握名词性从句的种类。 （2）引导名词性从句的连接词。 （3）初步学会运用名词性从句。,名词性从句,3、学习指导： （1）本讲重点： 名词性从句的种类。 （2）本讲难点： 名词性从句的语序。,4、典型例题解析：,名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。,1、主词从句 (1) That he will come is certain. (2) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. (3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.,(4) Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern. (5) Where she has gone is not known yet.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容词+that从句,It is/was certain that clause clear important necessary probable possible,（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （2） It is probable that he told me everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,It is / was a pity that clause shame duty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,It is said that clause reported thought hoped believed known,(1) It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives badly.,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.,(1) This was what Tom was reading. (2) The truth is that I have never been there. (3) It looks as if it is going to rain. (4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late. (5) This is how we overcame the difficulties. (6) That is why she was absent yesterday. (7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.,2、表语从句：,比较下列两句话：,Is it because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter. The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.,3、宾语从句,1、用作及物动词的宾语 (1) They pretended that they were reading in the room. (2) I didnt know what they were talking about. (3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (4) He couldnt tell where his home was. (5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.,引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。 注意： whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句： whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。,（1） 在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.,（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether， 不用if,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.（后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句）,（3）引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if Whether well go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.,(4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.,Please tell me whether to go or not.,2、用作介词的宾语从句： I was pleased by what he told me. He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导，而要分别用what和whether来引导。如：,Are you sorry for what youve done? Everything depends on whether we have enough experience. 不可用if,which不可以,这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2) We were not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.,3、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：,(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing. (4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. (2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider.,4、同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。,(1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. (4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (5) They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。,试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定语从句）,以上是名词性从句例题解析，下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳：,（1）语序 在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：,(1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when well complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,（2）时态： 学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,（1）在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：,Mary says that,Tom isnt lazy. Tom is doing well in his lesson. She will ask Tom some questions. Tom may fall behind the others.,She missed us very much. She was writing a letter. She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：,如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：,(1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2、在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如：,(1) Who will be sent abroad has not been decided.（主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时） (2) The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.（主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时),在动词think, believe, expect, suppose, guess等后带that宾语从句时，若从句是否定句，常将否定词not转移到主句中。如：,3、宾语从句的否定转移：,I dont think (that) it will be cold today. We dont think you can do it, can you?,注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来后问，后问部分应于从句主语一致。 I dont believe she know it, does she?,4、几组易混引导词的区别。,(1) What 与 that 在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、话），相当于the thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：,(1) What you have done might do harm to others. (2) What caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)I think (that) you will like the stamps.,2、whether与if whether与if在前面已经说过. 3、because与why because与why均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如：,(1) I think its because youre doing too much. (2) He was ill . That is why he was late for school. (3) The reason why he was late was that he was ill.,1、My hometown is no longer_it used to be.（ ）,练习题：,A、that B、what C、when D、which,B,2、They wonder_ their son was getting along with his study.（ ）,A、whether B、that C、what D、how,D,3、_ he is living now is not known to anybody.（ ）,A、When B、If C、Whether D、Why,C,4、Word came _ I was invited to attend the meeting.（ ）,A、which B、when C、where D、that,D,5、The fact _ we were interested in _ all of them.（ ）,A、that; was surprised B、which; surprised C、what; was surprised D、when; surprised,B,6、_ the scientist who gave us a talk will go abroad.（ ）,A、It said that B、It says when C、It is said that D、He is said,C,7、He told me _ there.（ C ）,A、that has been happened B、that happened C、what had happened D、what had been happened,8、_ I cant understand is _ he changed his mind.（ B ）,A、That; that B、What; why C、Which; how D、That; why,B,9、_ his brother is ?（ A ）,A、What do you suppose B、What you suppose C、What do you suppose that D、You suppose that,10、The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is _ he had to look after his sick mother at home.（ ）,A、that; because B、why; for C、for; that D、why; that,D,11、We all know the truth _ the earth _ round the sun.（ ）,A、if; moved B、that; moves C、why; move D、whether; move,B,12、_ he said at the meeting is very important to us.（ ）,A、That B、What C、Which D、Whether,B,13、_ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.（ ）,A、That B、What C、Why D、If,A,14、All the books are here .You may borrow _ you like.（ C ）,A、which B、what C、whichever D、that,C,15、Each of the blind men trusted that he knew _.（ ）,A、how the beast looked like B、how was the beast like C、what was the beast like D、what the beast was like,D,16、That is _ he was often late for school.（ ）,A、what B、that C、why D、whether,C,17、- What do you think of China? - _ different it is today from _ it used to be?（ ）,A、How; what B、What; what C、How; that D、What; that,A,18、I wish I _ the meeting held last week.（ ）,A、attended B、had been able to attend C、could attend D、was able to attend,B,19、_ is well known _ much progress has been made in China in the past twenty years.（ ）,A、What ; what B、It ; that C、It ; what D、That ; that,B,20、He suggested that we _ to the cinema.（ ）,A、go B、shall go C、are going D、will go,A,Thank you!,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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