初中英语替代讲义.doc

名思教育辅导讲义学员姓名辅导科目英语年 级授课教师课 题替代授课时间2015.教学目标能够区分不同替代词并熟知它们对应的用法重点、难点替代词的应用考点及考试要求语法填空、完形填空、作文教学内容it，one，ones，that，those表替代 it，one，ones，that，those可以用来代替上文中提到的名词，以避免重复。现将其用法归纳如下：1. it 1) 代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能带修饰语： -Do you want the magazine? -Yes，I want it. I dont want to drink the teaIt is too hot 2) it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语，也可替代性别不明的婴儿。Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.No, she was not at home last night. What about it?It would be a pity to miss it.It is not worth getting upset.Its probable that well be a little late.I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.George made it dear that he disagreed. 2. one 1）代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表泛指（同类但不是同一）前面可以有冠词或形容词， 也可以有this或that或another，但前不能有物主代词：I have 1ost my penIm going to buy one. This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one.I prefer this one to that one.比较：Im looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden.Im looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden.（不能说：. a one with a garden.）2）one作为不定人称代词, 可泛指“任何一个人”，有ones 和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/ones.One has to take care of oneself and ones family if he can. One shouldnt hesitate to correct his/ones mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide. (如果一个人想看那废墟, 他必须找自己的向导。)One of the girl students hasnt handed in _ composition.A. ones B. his C. their D. her 3ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，表泛指，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面有形容词： I have a new coat and several old ones. These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones. 4 the one替代表特指的单数名词：Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. Hand me my coat. Its the one hanging on the wall.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.5 the ones替代表特指的复数名词：Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. Id like to try on those shoes，the ones at the front of the window.Are they the ones who moved here recently? 6that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。that既可代替不可数名词，又可代替单数可数名词，其后总有后置定语，一般不指人：1) Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.2) 指代可数名词时，that相当于the one My room is better than that/the one next door.3) 若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。The price of wheat is higher than that of rice. The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 7those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指;有时the ones和those可互换使用，常有后置定语： The students in our class work harder than those in their class. The book is more difficult than those we have read before. Students who do well in examinations are those the ones who like to ask questions in class. 观察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:1 Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. (02全国 35) A. that B. one C. it D. what 3. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22) A. one B. the one C. he D. someone总之：1one/ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数, ones指代复数，所代替的是同名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用，特指时必须加 the，用the one/ones 。 2 that用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词, 表特指其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those 。that指代可数名词时，相当于the one ；those相当于the ones。 3it 特指上文提到过的同名同物，不能带修饰语；可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语用以代替不定式、动名词或从句作主语/宾语，也可指性别不明的婴儿。比较：1 Can you lend me a pen?Sorry. I havent got one.Can I borrow your pen?Sorry， Im using it. 2 My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 3 替代表特指的单数名词可用 it， that， the one。1）替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。Who is her husband? The one by the window. （只能用 the one，替代人）2） 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如：Which do you want?The red one. She would rather have the small one than the large one.3）当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如：He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?4）若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。5 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。如：Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 6. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用 one（s）来替代。如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? （不能说：. or tea ones? ）但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用 one（s） 替代。如：We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 练习：1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one2. -Do you like _ here? -Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.A. this B. these C. that D. it 3. Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.A. one B. the ones C. some D. the others5. Have you ever seen a snake alive ? Yes , Ive seen _. A. that B. so C. one D. it 6. I prefer a street in a small town to _ in such a large city as Shanghai.A. that B. it C. this D. one7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. it D. what8. May I help you with some shoes，sir?Yes，Id like to try on those white_.A. one B. ones C. twoD. pair填空：1 The vase on the left is more beautiful than _ on the right.2 The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than _in Mexico.3 His younger sister is taller than the elder _.4 I need the plastic bags, not the paper_ .4 I like the vase better than _ in another shop.5 The windows of your flat are cleaner than _of mine.6 A grandparents job is easier than _ of a parent.7 The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while _ in their school arent.8 The style of the building is similar to _ of a temple.9 A CD player made in Japan costs more than _made in China.10 I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.五、教师评定：1、 学生上次作业评价： 好 较好 一般 差2、 学生本次上课情况评价： 好 较好 一般 差 教师签字： 教研主任签字：_