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高中直接引语变间接引语精讲精练大全 教师用讲义+学生用资料直接引语变间接引语（教师用）引入：He said, “I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry. （教师在黑板上写下两个句子，要求学生把句子誊抄到他们手里学生用资料上，提问学生“这两个句子之间有什么联系和区别？”）原理、规则精讲1、 何谓“引语”？： 引述（引用）或转述（转达）别人的话称为“引语”。 直接引语 ：（引用） 间接引语 ：（转达）直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“ ”标出)。用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)。2、 “直接引语” V.S. “间接引语”区别：联系：（上图所示）都是“引语”l 所以：两者可以相互转换。l 考点：“直引”转化为“间引”。l 重要概念： 引述动词 （引述分句）He said（引述动词） that he was very sorry . （转述分句） 要求学生把“引述动词填入said右边的斜括号中”3、 如何转换？1 改写以下“三方面”人称；时间状语、地点状语时态句式词 对 词式 对 式义 对 义4、 “ 词 对 词 ”l 人称的转变：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” “一随主” 是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said,My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾” 是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人称不更新” 是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said, Jack is a good worker. Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. He said, “I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry. She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. l 时间状语、地点状语、某些对比性的指示代词和动词：较固定，量身打造。“词对词”状语转换一览表时间状语地点状语某些指示代词某些方向性动词now thentodaythat day This week/yearthat week/yearyesterdaythe day before last week/yearthe week /yeartwo days agotwo days beforetomorrowthe next /following daynext weekthe next/following weekin three hoursthree hours later/afterwardsherethere thisthat thesethose comego bringtake 5、 “ 式 对 式 ”1 时态的转变：l “时态逆移规则”“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” EXE.Tom said that they _were_ listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I _had_ _f inishied_ my homework before I _watched_TV. 即，“时态逆移规则”：直接引语改为间接引语时，只有在引述动词（主句动词）如果是过去时，转述分句(从句)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 :时态逆移一览表(箭头右侧为空)一般式进行式完成式一般过去时 过去完成时一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时过去进行时、现在进行时 过去进行时将来进行时 过去将来进行时过去完成时、现在完成时 过去完成时将来完成时 过去将来完成时2 有时，转述分句的时态无需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移l 以下为无时态逆移的例子，试总结规律：He always says, “I am tired out. ” He always says that he is tired out. He will say, “Ill try my best to help you. ” He will say that he will try his best to help me. He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” He told us that he went to college in 1994. He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ” n He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. He said，“Practice makes perfect. ” He said that practice makes perfect.He said, “She must be a teacher. ” He said that she must be a teacher. The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water. ” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. 无“时态逆移”一览表：无需逆移不能逆移不逆移引述动词=“一般现在时”引述动词=“一般将来时”转述分句含具体时间状语转述分句由when/while引导当场转述引述分句=“过去进行时”引述分句=“过去完成时”转述分句=自然现象/客观真理转述分句=谚语、格言转述分句含：l should , would , could , mightl must, ought to , need , darel had better , used to , would ratherl 保持事件状态真实性。He said that government policy is not to sell arms to sensitive areas.提示：亘古不变的事实：is曾经如此，但今非昔比：was6、 ” 义 对 义“l 转述分句 必须用陈述句l 陈述句以外的其他句型：句子形式=意义。转述时：句型涵义词语释义，以保全句意。1 陈述句：转述词said, 也可用told来代替，可以说said that, said to sb that, told sb thatHe said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” nHe said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. (板书) He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 2 一般疑问句：“是/否”nHe said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” nHe asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. (板书) He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” nHe asked whether I was interested in English. 3 特殊疑问句：“是什么/在哪里”nHe said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. (板书) He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” nHe asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.4 选择疑问句：“是A/B”nHe asked, “Do you speak English or French?” nHe asked me whether I spoke English or French. (板书) I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” nI asked him whether he would take bus or take train. n 注意：用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 5 祈使句：1) 目的：让某人做某事2) 转述动词：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. “Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully. “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please, 在间接引语中必须省略。3) 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等转述。如：v He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre. 或He suggested that we go to the theatre. v Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. v Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. v Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music. 或He suggested that we listen to the music.6 感叹句：1) 目的：感叹，强烈表达某事2) 变感叹句为间接引语，用what, how或that来引述。如：“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me. He told me what a beautiful house it was. 或者He told me that it was a beautiful house.“义对义”句型转换一览表一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句祈使句感叹句If/whetherwhat/where/when/how/why/which/who/whosewhether.or.不定式复合结构l whatl howl that转化、运用精练I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how2. Joyce, please dont open the window. Pardon? I _ open the window. A. tell you dont B. tell you not to C. told you didnt D. told you not to3. He _ they didnt start early they wouldnt catch the first bus. A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether4. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay 5. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 6. The doctor asked me what _ with me. A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was 7. He asked the boy where _. A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother8. They said at last that they _ better start out at once. A. had had B. had C. had been D. was 9. The teacher said that doubt _ the key of knowledge. A. were B. are C. was D. is10. The actor said he _ born in 1984. A. was B. is C. be D. had beenII. 将下列“直接引语”变为间接引语。(转述部分已为你写出)1. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea?” Mr. Stone _ .2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.” The nurse _ .3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.” My uncle _ .4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea?” John asked Mary _ .5. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The teacher said that _ .将下列间接引语还原为“直接引语”。1. The teacher told Tom to be careful with his pronunciation. _ .2. She asked me to open the door. _ .3. My mother advised me to have a good rest. _ .4. Peter asked me when I would leave Athens. _ .5.He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then._ .高考NEW题型对接高考短文填空题型应对练习将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days. 12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.【 参考答案 】:I. 1-5 BDACD 6-10 CABDA II. 1. Mr. Stone asked if / whether he might have a cup of tea. 2. The nurse suggested (that) the children (should) wash their hands themselves. 3. My uncle told us not to open the window. 4. John asked Mary what she knew about the sea. 5. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 1. The teacher said, “Be careful with your pronunciation, Tom.” 2. “Would you please open the door?” she asked. 3. “Why not have a good rest?” my mother said to me. 4. “When will you leave Athens?” Peter asked me. 5. He asked me, “How are you getting along with your studies now? . 高考短文填空题型应对练习-答案详解1. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过去完成时had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时had gone。4. is。直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。5. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时met，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had met；时间状语yesterday应改为the day before。6. had, there。如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，变为间接引语时用had to；地点状语here 相应地改为there。7. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时bought，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had bought；时间状语two weeks ago应改为two weeks before。8. asked, if (whether), before。当直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时said应改为asked，然后加上连接词if或whether；时间状语last week 改为the week before。9. told, could。根据句意第一空应用动词told；直接引语中含有情态动词can，变为间接引语时应改为could。10. how, she, had。如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用how引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，一般过去时改为过去将来时。11. where, I, had, those。直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用where引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，现在完成时改为过去完成时，指示代词these相应地变为those。12. if (whether), I, lived。直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时应用if或whether引导，人称you和动词时态lives也相应地变为I 和lived。13. told, to, keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask tell, order sb to do sth这一结构进行转换。14. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask tell, order sb not to do sth这一结构进行转换。15.asked, if (whether), that。根据所给的句子，直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词应用asked；再用if或whether引导宾语从句，批示代词this相应地变为that。 直接引语和间接引语（学生用）分别抄写下老师给出的2个句子，并思考它们之间的异同：_原理、规则精讲l 何谓“引语”？： 引述（引用）或转述（转达）别人的话称为“引语”。 直接引语 ：（引用） 间接引语 ：（转达）l “直接引语” V.S. “间接引语”区别：联系：2 所以：两者可以相互转换。3 考点：“直引”转化为“间引”。4 重要概念： 引述动词 （引述分句）He said（ ） that he was very sorry . （转述分句） 在“（ ）”填入said在间接引语中的身份。l 如何转换？l 改写以下“三方面”人称；时间状语、地点状语时态句式l 词对词l 人称的转变：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” 是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said,My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. 是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then. 是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said, Jack is a good worker.Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. He said, “I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry. She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. l 时间状语、地点状语、某些对比性的指示代词和动词：较固定，量身打造。(见下页状语转换一览表)“词对词”状语转换一览表时间状语地点状语某些指示代词某些方向性动词nowtodayThis week/yearyesterday last week/yeartwo days agotomorrownext weekin three hours.hereThisTheseComeBringl 式对式1 时态的转变：l “时态逆移规则”“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” EXE.Tom said that they _ listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I _ _ my homework before I _TV. 即，“时态逆移规则”：直接引语改为间接引语时，只有在引述动词（主句动词）如果是过去时，转述分句(从句)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 : (见下页逆移表)时态逆移一览表一般式进行式完成式l 一般过去时 _ l 一般现在时 _ l 一般将来时 _ l 过去进行时l 现在进行时 _ l 将来进行时 _ l 过去完成时l 现在完成时 _ l 将来完成时 _ l 有时，转述分句的时态无需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移 以下为无时态逆移的例子，试总结规律：1.He always says, “I am tired out. ” He always says that he is tired out. 2.He will say, “Ill try my best to help you. ” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3 He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4 He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5 Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” nOur teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6 He said，“Practice makes perfect. ” He said that practice makes perfect. 7 He said, “She must be a teacher. ” He said that she must be a teacher. 8 The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water. ”The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. 无“时态逆移”一览表：无需逆移不能逆移不逆移引述动词=_引述动词=_转述分句含_时间状语转述分句由_引导当场转述引述分句=_引述分句=_转述分句=_转述分句=_转述分句含：should ,_； must ,_； had better, _.保持事件状态真实性。He said that government policy is not to sell arms to sensitive areas.提示：亘古不变的事实：is曾经如此，但今非昔比：wasl 义对义n 转述分句 必须用陈述句n 陈述句以外的其他句型：句子形式=意义。转述时：句型涵义词语释义，以保全句意。1 陈述句：转述词said, 也可用told来代替，可以说said that, said to sb that, told sb thatn He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” n He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 2 一般疑问句：“是/否”n He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” n He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 3 特殊疑问句：“是什么/在哪里”n He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. 4 选择疑问句：“是A/B”n He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” n He asked me whether I spoke English or French. n 注意：用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 5 祈使句：4) 目的：让某人做某事5) 转述动词：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. “Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully. “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please, 在间接引语中必须省略。6) 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等转述。如：3) He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre. 或He suggested that we go to the theatre. 4) Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. 5) Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. 6) Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music. 或He suggested that we listen to the music.1 感叹句：l 目的：感叹，强烈表达某事l 变感叹句为间接引语，用what, how或that来引述。如：“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me. He told me what a beautiful house it was. 或者He told me that it was a beautiful house.“义对义”句型转换一览表一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句祈使句感叹句不定式复合结构l whatl howl that_转化、运用精练I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how2. Joyce, please dont open the window. Pardon? I _ open the window. A. tell you dont B. tell you not to C. told you didnt D. told you not to3. He _ they didnt start early they wouldnt catch the first bus. A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether4. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much I paid D. how much did I pay 5. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 6. The doctor asked me what _ with me. A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was 7. He asked the boy where _. A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother8. They said at last that they _ better start out at once. A. had had B. had C. had been D. was 9. The teacher said that doubt _ the key of knowledge. A. were B. are C. was D. is10. The actor said he _ born in 1984. A. was B. is C. be D. had beenII. 将下列“直接引语”变为间接引语。(转述部分已为你写出)1. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea?” Mr. Stone _ .2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.” The nurse _ .3
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