六级翻译题模拟训练.doc

六级翻译题模拟训练1.I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学) 2.I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.4.Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.5.When I _(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.参考答案：1.keeping up with the rest of the class. 【超级句型】trouble可以用在句型have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难中，这时，trouble可以用difficulty来代替。 【超级短语】keep up with意为“跟上”，指并肩前进，并驾齐驱，不至落后、掉队。catch up with意为“赶上”，指从后边追上或改变落后状。； 2.delaying making 【超级单词】mind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。 Delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式。 3.play indispensable roles 【超级短语】play a part/role in起着作用，饰演的角色。 4.attampts to escape being fined 【超级单词】escape后面要接动名词形式。常与介词from搭配，如He has escaped from the fire. 5.caught /found him cheating me 【超级句型】find/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing by the river. 1.I suggested he _ （使自己适应） his new conditions.2. What a lovely party! Its worth_( 牢记一生 ).3. If you wont agree to our plan,_( 他们也不会同意 ).4. His remarks left me _( 想知道他的真实目的 ).5. If you had_ ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦） 参考答案:www.5haoxue.net1.should adapt himself to 【超级句型】suggest作“建议”时，其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型suggest that sb(should)do sth”结构；从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insist，demand，order，ask，advise等。 【超级短语】adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于，其他搭配： adapt from 根据改写/改编 2.remembering all my life 【超级单词】Be worth doing/值得做某事,还有说法是worth sth. 如：He is worth the praise. 3.neither will they 【超级单词】neither表示“两者都不”， 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。如：If you wont go, neither will I. 4.wondering about his real purpose 【超级单词】leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态；leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事 5.followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now. 【超级句型】虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法 从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ 1.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_( 失去联系 ) the outside world. 2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_( 正在研制 ) and perfected now. 3.How close parents are to their children_ _( 有很强的影响 ) the character of the children. 4.The room is in a terrible mess; it _ （肯定没打扫过） . 5.With tears on her face, the lady _ (看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室） 答案:lose contact with 【超级短语】lose contact with/lose touch with与失去联系 are being developed 【超级句型】be being done现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。has a strong influence on/effect on 【超级短语】influence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对有影响力。 influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响,如:Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. effect指实现、达成,着重造成一种特殊的效果,如:This book effected a change in my opinion. cant have been cleaned 【超级句型】情态动词+have done表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。 watched her injured son sent into the operation room. 【超级句型】see/watchsb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程，且宾语和动作间是被动关系。1.（这个计划成功的关键） _is good planning. 2.The specific use of leisure_(每一人都不同)3.The ship s generator broke down and the pumps_( 不得不用手工操作 ) instead of mechanically.4.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_( 习惯了学生迟到 ) his lecture.5.I prefer to communicate with my customers _( 通过写电子邮件而不是打电话） 答案：The key to the success of this project 【超级单词】key除作名词“钥匙”外，后接介词to，表示“的钥匙，的答案，的关键”。 from individual to individual. 【超级短语】不及物动词vary 的用法。搭配为：vary from to 各不相同。 had to be operated manually 【超级短语】have to通常指由于客观原因则不得不做某事，意思为“不得不”。 其否定形式意思是“不一定”或“没有必要”。 to students being late for 【超级句型】be used to+doing/noun，表示过去习惯于做某事。used to+do，表示过去有规律的习惯性动作或状态，而现在已不存在了。【超级短语】be late for,迟到。 【超级句型】ones doing,非谓语动词的复合结构。 via E-mail instead of telephone 【超级短语】Instead of 的意思是“代替”、“而不”，后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构。www.5haoxue.net1.After the terrorist attack, tourists _ ( 被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)2.( 他把自己奉献于社区工作 ) _ and is passionate about what he is doing. 3:Man should not exploit the natural resources _ ( 以牺牲其他物种为代价 ). 4.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor _ ( 把此归因于她对未来的信念 ). 5.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard _ ( 不要让父母失望 ).答案：were advised not to travel to that country at the moment 【超级单词】advise 一般用法： advise sb. to do; advise doing 特殊注意： 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 he devoted himself to the community 【超级短语】be devoted to 有两个含义：A.专心致志于，献身于；B.热爱，很喜欢。作为动词的devote常用下列成语类的搭配：devote oneself/ones life to sth/doing sth. at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species_ 【超级短语】at the cost of（以为代价），其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。另at all costs意为“不惜一切代价”。 attributed it to her firm belief in the future 【超级短语】”attributeto”，“把归因于”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。 and not to let their parents down 【超级短语】let.down(使失望)，形容词表示失望有disappointed1.In the budget for this building, they failed to _( 考虑价格增长的因素 ).2.Only after I slapped him on the back _( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). 3.I didn t even speak to him, _( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ).4.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt.5.The victim _( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .答案:1.consider/take into account the factor of increasing price. 【超级单词】Take into account=take into consideration 把考虑在内 2.did he notice me and shouted with happiness 【超级句型】这是only引起的半倒装句，only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它 3.let alone discuss with him 【超级短语】let alone用作连词，译为“更不用说了” 4.turn to their parents 【超级短语】turn to sb. for help 求助于别人 5.would have survived 【超级句型】在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词现在完成时”，即would/ could/ should/ might have done 1.Though a skilled worker, _( 他被公司解雇了 ) last week because of the economic crisis. 2.He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, _( 也从未屈服于任何困难 ). 3.The little boy next door has been beating his drum for a whole morning, which got on my nerves so much _( 以至于我无法集中注意力学习 ). 4.The scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us _( 除非它走途无路 ). 5.The nation s population continues to rise _ ( 以每年 1200 万人的速度 ) 答案:1.he was dismissed/fired/sacked 【超级单词】主要考察“解雇”的表达方法。Dismiss解职、开除；fire解雇；sack解雇、洗劫。 2.and never yielded to any difficulties as well 【超级短语】yield to屈服，让步。 3.that i have no way to concentrate on my study 【超级短语】concentrate onsth./doing sth.全神贯注地做某事。 4.unless its cornered 【超级单词】unless除非，如果不；corner名词作“角落、绝路”，作为及物动词时表示“无路可走”。 5.at a speed of 12 million per year 【超级短语】at a speed of (以的速度)；其二是数字1200万人的表达，也就是12个百万12 million 而million后面加上多余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。1.(如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系)_the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field.2.The problem lies in how people look at those students _(专心追求知识的).www.5haoxue.net3.On Childrens Day, kids _有资格免费进入) to all the city parks.4.The restaurant next door serves good food, but the one across the street is much better _(就服务而言).5._(每当天气不好时), he takes whatever umbrella he can find.答案:1. manage to get in touch with Mr Smith 【超级短语】manage to do表示成功地做成某事，不成功不可以用。 2.who are kownledge-oriented/absorbed acquiring kownledge 【超级单词】sth.-oriented追求，orient n.东方adj.东方的，上升的vi.向东 vt.使适应、确定方向。oriented导向的，其实这里可以很多种译法。 3.are entitled to free admissions 【超级单词】be entitled to do sth. 对.享有权利, 值得; 有(做某事)的资格权利 4.as far as the service is concerned 【超级单词】so/as far asbe concerned就而言，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。 5.whenever the weather is bad 【超级单词】whenever无论何时, 随时n.只要，这个好像不怎么难呵 1.Animal experiments will continue to be necessary to resolve existing medical problems _( 尽管一些人公开反对 ). 2.Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, _( 但我们确实从他那里学到了很多 ). 3.The more you explain, _( 我愈糊涂 ). 4. He has done so much for the poor in his community that _( 再怎么赞扬他都不过分 ). 5.Since my childhood I have found that _( 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 ) 答案:1.even though some people object to/are against it openly 【超级短语】object to/be against反对 2.but i do learn a lot from him 【超级单词】do放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。 3.the more i am confused 【超级句型】the more., the more.句型常表示越就越,是一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面的句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前,more代表形容词或副词的比较级。 4.you cant praise him enough 【超级句型】用在主语+cannot.+enough句型中该句型形式上是否定句型，实际上表达的是肯定意义，意思是再也不过分；越越。 5.nothing is more attractive to me than reading 【超级短语】Nothing is morethan和Nothing is soas都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”。汉译英原则：一.忠实表达原文内容和风格 方法：缩扩1.缩小句子至主干2.从基本句型开始译，逐步扩大丰富。 例：“就在杰克出国钱，他给露西写了封信，问她是否愿意嫁给他。” 杰克写了封信Jack wrote a letter. 杰克给露西写了封信Jack wrote a letter to Lucy. 就在杰克出国钱，他给露西写了封信Just before he went abroad, Jack wrote a letter to Lucy. 完整版：Just before he went abroad, Jack wrote a letter to Lucy, asking if she would marry him. 另外，要在翻译过程中保持性、数、格、人称、时态等的一致性。 练习:1. 他进步如此的快以至于通过了这次考试。 2. 我毫不费力地解决了这个问题。 3. 她以一种我们从未料到的方式讲话。 4. 杰克由于政治原因被迫离开了家乡。 5. 这些设想队你来说也许觉得奇怪。 答案: 1.He made such rapid progress that he passed the exam. 2.I had no trouble in solving this problem. 3.She spoke in a way that we had never expected. 4.Jack was forced to leave his home town for political reasons. 5.These ideas may seem strange to you. 怎么把汉语句子译成英语呢？大体有 5 个步骤： （1）选用句型 （ 2 ）确定时态 （ 3 ）确定语态 （ 4 ）汉译英 （ 5 ）检查 上期节目我们介绍了“缩扩”的这种译法，大家都掌握得不错。今天我们着重介绍的是第二项“确定时态”： 了解各种时态的基本结构和用法。 区分容易混淆的时态。（如一般现在时与现在进行时、一般过去时与现在完成时等） 时态呼应。时间状语从句中或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park. www.5haoxue.net特别注意的状语。比如汉语中的某些副词、介词或助词，如曾经、将、着、了、过等。 上下文逻辑。如：我听见有人在隔壁房里唱歌。译成： I heard somebody was singing in the next room. 这里不能用一般现在时，而只能用一般过去时，因为“我”当时说这话时，“听过”已是过去的情况了。 温馨提示：别学了时态分析就忘了“缩扩”哦！无论翻译是难是易，都先把它主干抽出来，一切都会明朗起来. 练习:1. 正当我父亲翻阅晚报时，他突然惊讶地喊了一声。 2. 到他们回来之时，我将完成我的工作了。 3. 她因比赛时踝关节扭伤，呆在家里。 4. 上星期他作了眼科检查。 5. 男孩昨天说太阳比月亮要大。 答案: 1.My father was looking through the evening paper when he suddenly let out a cry of surprise. 2.I shall have finished my work by the time they come back. 3.She stays indoors because he sprained his ankle in one match. 4.He had an eye test last week. 5.The boy said the sun is bigger than the moon yesterday.汉语中“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭”等表示被动字眼，在译成英语时常用被动语态。 在汉语中主动者不言而喻或不清楚的，往往用“人们”、“有人”、“据说”之类词居句首，英语有固定的译法，译文的开头往往用被动结构。如：据说他是个教师 It is said that he is a teacher. 凡是汉语句子的主语是表示实物的名词或代词，而其谓语又是“是 + 动词（或主谓词组）”结构时，用被动语态。如：这篇文章是他翻译的 This article was translated by him. 有些汉语句子用地点来当主语，这样的句子译成英语时常译成被动语态。如：上海出现了许多新的公司。 Many new companies have been set up in Shanghai练习:1.这个问题下次会议上讨论。2. 有人告诉我这个消息。 3. 这所公司是 2002 年成立的。 4.2005 年我们家乡建造了一个电影院 5. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 参考答案:www.5haoxue.net1.This issue will be discussed in next meeting. 2.Someone told me about this message. 3.This company was estabished in 2002. 4.A cinema was established in our hometown in 2005. 5.A few of new computer was stolen last night.1.The number of the students in this city has _ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001. 2. _ (有些大一新生打定主意) to pursue a masters degree after undergraduate studies. 3. _ (不管任务多么艰巨), we must fulfill it in time. 4.He had understood nothing, _ (也没尝试着去) understand. 5. _ (随着时间的流逝), they forgot their bitter sufferings. 参考答案:1. increased 6 times 2. Some freshmen make up their minds 3. No matter how hard the task is However hard the task is No matter how hard the task may be However hard the task may be 4.nor did he try to 5.With the passage of time